Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years
Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity w...
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| Published in | BMC pediatrics Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 32 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
England
BioMed Central Ltd
20.03.2012
BioMed Central BMC |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters.
A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature.
Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. |
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| AbstractList | Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children ([less than or equal to] 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children [less than or equal to] 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters. A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature. Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. Background Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children ([less than or equal to] 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children [less than or equal to] 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters. Results A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature. Conclusion Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. METHODS: A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters. RESULTS: A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature. CONCLUSION: Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters. A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature. Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.BACKGROUNDViral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters.METHODSA total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters.A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature.RESULTSA total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature.Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes.CONCLUSIONViral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. Doc number: 32 Abstract Background: Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters. Results: A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature. Conclusion: Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. Abstract Background Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of respiratory viruses has been reported, particularly in association with temperature, while inconsistent correlation of respiratory viral activity with humidity and rain is found in tropical countries. A retrospective study was performed from 1982-2008 to investigate the viral etiology of children (≤ 5 years old) admitted with RTI in a tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods A total of 10269 respiratory samples from all children ≤ 5 years old received at the hospital's diagnostic virology laboratory between 1982-2008 were included in the study. Immunofluorescence staining (for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B, parainfluenza types 1-3, and adenovirus) and virus isolation were performed. The yearly hospitalization rates and annual patterns of laboratory-confirmed viral RTIs were determined. Univariate ANOVA was used to analyse the demographic parameters of cases. Multiple regression and Spearman's rank correlation were used to analyse the correlation between RSV cases and meteorological parameters. Results A total of 2708 cases were laboratory-confirmed using immunofluorescence assays and viral cultures, with the most commonly detected being RSV (1913, 70.6%), parainfluenza viruses (357, 13.2%), influenza viruses (297, 11.0%), and adenovirus (141, 5.2%). Children infected with RSV were significantly younger, and children infected with influenza viruses were significantly older. The four main viruses caused disease throughout the year, with a seasonal peak observed for RSV in September-December. Monthly RSV cases were directly correlated with rain days, and inversely correlated with relative humidity and temperature. Conclusion Viral RTIs, particularly due to RSV, are commonly detected in respiratory samples from hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. As in temperate countries, RSV infection in tropical Malaysia also caused seasonal yearly epidemics, and this has implications for prophylaxis and vaccination programmes. |
| ArticleNumber | 32 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Quek, Kia-Fatt Hooi, Poh-Sim Khor, Chee-Sieng Sam, I-Ching Chan, Yoke-Fun |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1 Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia – name: 1 Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia – name: 2 Diagnostic Virology Laboratory, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Chee-Sieng surname: Khor fullname: Khor, Chee-Sieng – sequence: 2 givenname: I-Ching surname: Sam fullname: Sam, I-Ching – sequence: 3 givenname: Poh-Sim surname: Hooi fullname: Hooi, Poh-Sim – sequence: 4 givenname: Kia-Fatt surname: Quek fullname: Quek, Kia-Fatt – sequence: 5 givenname: Yoke-Fun surname: Chan fullname: Chan, Yoke-Fun |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22429933$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Khor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright ©2012 Khor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Khor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: COPYRIGHT 2012 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2012 Khor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. – notice: Copyright ©2012 Khor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Khor et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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| DOI | 10.1186/1471-2431-12-32 |
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| References_xml | – volume: 34 start-page: 47 year: 2002 ident: 562_CR9 publication-title: Pediatr Pulmonol doi: 10.1002/ppul.10095 – volume: 38 start-page: 210 year: 2007 ident: 562_CR14 publication-title: J Clin Virol doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.12.015 – volume: 14 start-page: e36 issue: Suppl 3 year: 2010 ident: 562_CR13 publication-title: Int J Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.10.005 – volume: 135 start-page: 1077 year: 2007 ident: 562_CR4 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S095026880600776X – volume: 14 start-page: 1054 year: 1995 ident: 562_CR28 publication-title: Pediatr Infect Dis J doi: 10.1097/00006454-199512000-00005 – volume: 139 start-page: 1884 year: 2011 ident: 562_CR5 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268810002955 – volume: 58 start-page: 681 year: 2003 ident: 562_CR7 publication-title: Med J Malaysia – volume: 209 start-page: 317 year: 2006 ident: 562_CR37 publication-title: Int J Hyg Environ Health doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.02.003 – volume: 2 start-page: 25 year: 2002 ident: 562_CR2 publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(01)00170-0 – volume: 140 start-page: 78 year: 2012 ident: 562_CR33 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268811000252 – volume: 22 start-page: 150 year: 2003 ident: 562_CR30 publication-title: Pediatr Infect Dis J – volume: 81 start-page: 5429 year: 2007 ident: 562_CR6 publication-title: J Virol doi: 10.1128/JVI.01680-06 – volume: 83 start-page: 422 year: 2007 ident: 562_CR15 publication-title: J Pediatr (Rio J) doi: 10.1590/S0021-75572007000600005 – volume: 60 start-page: 137 year: 1982 ident: 562_CR8 publication-title: Bull World Health Organ – volume-title: Health Facts year: 2009 ident: 562_CR10 – volume: 81 start-page: 82 year: 2009 ident: 562_CR19 publication-title: J Med Virol doi: 10.1002/jmv.21361 – volume: 29 start-page: 75 year: 2010 ident: 562_CR22 publication-title: Pediatr Infect Dis J doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3181af61e9 – volume: 121 start-page: 121 year: 1998 ident: 562_CR29 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268898008905 – volume: 49 start-page: 861 year: 2009 ident: 562_CR31 publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/605435 – volume: 42 start-page: 233 year: 2008 ident: 562_CR1 publication-title: J Clin Virol doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.03.002 – volume: 23 start-page: 74 year: 2010 ident: 562_CR3 publication-title: Clin Microbiol Rev doi: 10.1128/CMR.00032-09 – volume: 92 start-page: 481 year: 2003 ident: 562_CR11 publication-title: Acta Paediatr doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00582.x – volume: 46 start-page: 3073 year: 2008 ident: 562_CR38 publication-title: J Clin Microbiol doi: 10.1128/JCM.01209-08 – volume: 52 start-page: 254 year: 2006 ident: 562_CR18 publication-title: J Infect doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.07.001 – volume: 15 start-page: 1318 year: 2009 ident: 562_CR21 publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis doi: 10.3201/eid1508.090321 – volume: 10 start-page: 6 issue: Suppl 1 year: 2009 ident: 562_CR35 publication-title: Paediatr Respir Rev doi: 10.1016/S1526-0542(09)70004-1 – volume: 13 start-page: 1396 year: 2007 ident: 562_CR17 publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis doi: 10.3201/eid1309.070220 – volume: 59 start-page: 115 year: 2009 ident: 562_CR20 publication-title: J Infect doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2009.05.009 – volume: 75 start-page: 341 year: 2008 ident: 562_CR24 publication-title: Indian J Pediatr doi: 10.1007/s12098-008-0035-4 – volume: 2 start-page: 571 year: 1973 ident: 562_CR36 publication-title: Br Med J doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5866.571 – volume: 113 start-page: 1758 year: 2004 ident: 562_CR16 publication-title: Pediatrics doi: 10.1542/peds.113.6.1758 – volume: 140 start-page: 87 year: 2012 ident: 562_CR34 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268811001695 – volume: 43 start-page: 585 year: 2006 ident: 562_CR23 publication-title: Clin Infect Dis doi: 10.1086/506350 – volume: 3 start-page: 268 year: 1998 ident: 562_CR25 publication-title: Trop Med Int Health doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1998.00213.x – volume: 106 start-page: 3243 year: 2009 ident: 562_CR27 publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.0806852106 – volume: 134 start-page: 1129 year: 2006 ident: 562_CR26 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268806007175 – volume: 61 start-page: 440 year: 2010 ident: 562_CR12 publication-title: J Infect doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.08.001 – volume: 136 start-page: 1319 year: 2008 ident: 562_CR32 publication-title: Epidemiol Infect doi: 10.1017/S0950268807000015 – reference: 12112797 - 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Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Sep 1;43(5):585-92 – reference: 18177515 - Epidemiol Infect. 2008 Oct;136(10):1319-27 – reference: 17182688 - J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(11):5429-36 – reference: 18406664 - J Clin Virol. 2008 Jul;42(3):233-43 – reference: 20065326 - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010 Jan;23(1):74-98 – reference: 19751605 - Emerg Infect Dis. 2009 Aug;15(8):1318-20 – reference: 12586979 - Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003 Feb;22(2):150-7 – reference: 19556008 - J Infect. 2009 Aug;59(2):115-21 – reference: 15190654 - Med J Malaysia. 2003 Dec;58(5):681-7 – reference: 9747763 - Epidemiol Infect. 1998 Aug;121(1):121-8 – reference: 19204283 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Mar 3;106(9):3243-8 – reference: 12801117 - Acta Paediatr. 2003 Apr;92(4):481-5 – reference: 8745017 - Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995 Dec;14(12):1054-9 – reference: 9623927 - Trop Med Int Health. 1998 Apr;3(4):268-80 – reference: 4351623 - Br Med J. 1973 Jun 9;2(5866):571-5 – reference: 16697255 - Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2006 Jul;209(4):317-24 – reference: 19651390 - 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| Snippet | Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal activity of... Background Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal... Doc number: 32 Abstract Background: Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate... BACKGROUND: Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries, seasonal... Abstract Background Viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) are relatively understudied in Southeast Asian tropical countries. In temperate countries,... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenoviruses Analysis of Variance Causes of Child, Preschool Education Epidemiology Ethnicity Female Forecasts and trends Gender Health sciences Hospitalization - statistics & numerical data Humans Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - virology Malaysia - epidemiology Male Orthomyxoviridae - isolation & purification Regression Analysis Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - epidemiology Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human - isolation & purification Respiratory tract infections Retrospective Studies Seasons Standard deviation Teaching hospitals Viral infections Virus Diseases - epidemiology Virus Diseases - virology |
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| Title | Epidemiology and seasonality of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: a retrospective study of 27 years |
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