IgG subclasses in smokers with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations
BACKGROUND Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent...
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| Published in | Thorax Vol. 56; no. 6; pp. 445 - 449 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society
01.06.2001
BMJ BMJ Publishing Group Ltd BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | BACKGROUND Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. METHODS Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1–4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. RESULTS Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6–15.2) and 9.9 (6.1–12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9–18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9–5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0–6.3) g/lv 4.0 (1.7–10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. |
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| AbstractList | Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency.BACKGROUNDTobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency.Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods.METHODSSerum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods.Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6-15.2) and 9.9 (6.1-12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9-18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9-5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0-6.3) g/l v 4.0 (1.7-10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups.RESULTSCompared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6-15.2) and 9.9 (6.1-12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9-18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9-5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0-6.3) g/l v 4.0 (1.7-10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups.Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se.CONCLUSIONSSusceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6-15.2) and 9.9 (6.1-12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9-18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9-5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0-6.3) g/l v 4.0 (1.7-10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. BACKGROUND —Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. METHODS —Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. RESULTS —Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6-15.2) and 9.9 (6.1-12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9-18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9-5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0-6.3) g/l v 4.0 (1.7-10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS —Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. BACKGROUND Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. METHODS Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. RESULTS Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7â[euro][per thousand]g/l (range 5.6-15.2) and 9.9 (6.1-12.1)â[euro][per thousand]g/l v 12.0 (6.9-18.5)â[euro][per thousand]g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9-5.9)â[euro][per thousand]g/l and 2.5 (1.0-6.3)â[euro][per thousand]g/lv 4.0 (1.7-10.2)â[euro][per thousand]g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. BACKGROUND: Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. METHODS: Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1-4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. RESULTS: Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6-15.2) and 9.9 (6.1-12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9-18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9-5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0-6.3) g/l v 4.0 (1.7-10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. BACKGROUND Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. METHODS Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1–4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. RESULTS Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6–15.2) and 9.9 (6.1–12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9–18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9–5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0–6.3) g/lv 4.0 (1.7–10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se. |
| Audience | Professional |
| Author | Larsson, S Qvarfordt, I Andersson, B A Riise, G C |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. ingemar.qvarfordt@medfak.gu.se |
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| Keywords | Human Recurrence Immunoglobulins Pathophysiology Respiratory disease Tobacco smoking Exploration Toxicology Chronic Risk factor Bronchus disease Complication Bronchitis Aggravation |
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| Snippet | BACKGROUND Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory... Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent... BACKGROUND —Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory... BACKGROUND: Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Aged Airway management Analysis of Variance Asymptomatic Biological and medical sciences Bronchitis Bronchitis - blood Bronchitis - complications Bronchitis - immunology Bronchitis/blood/complications/immunology chronic bronchitis Chronic Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma Cross-Sectional Studies Dermatologi och venereologi Dermatology and Venereal Diseases Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Health aspects Humans IgG Deficiency - etiology IgG subclasses Immunodiffusion Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin G - classification Immunoglobulin G/blood/classification Immunoglobulins Infections Male Measurement Medical sciences Middle Aged Normal distribution Original Pneumology Recurrence recurrent exacerbations Risk factors Smokers Smoking Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - blood Smoking - immunology Smoking/adverse effects/blood/immunology Tobacco tobacco smoking |
| Title | IgG subclasses in smokers with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations |
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