The Cleistogamous Breeding System: A Review of Its Frequency, Evolution, and Ecology in Angiosperms

• Published in: The Botanical review Vol. 73; no. 1; pp. 1 - 30
• Main Authors: Culley, Theresa M, Klooster, Matthew R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bronx The New York Botanical Garden 01.01.2007; New York Botanical Garden; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Angiosperms; Biological evolution; Biological taxonomies; Cleistogamy; descriptions; Ecology; Empirical analysis; environmental factors; Evolution; Flowers; Genetic aspects; Identification and classification; Inbreeding; Inbreeding depression; Literature reviews; natural selection; Phylogeny; Plant breeding; plant ecology; plant reproduction; plant taxonomy; Plants; Pollination; Seed dispersal; selfing; Species; species differences; Studies; Surveys; Taxa; Violas; United States

Cleistogamy, a breeding system in which permanently closed, self-pollinated flowers are produced, has received increasing attention in recent years, but the last comprehensive review of this system was over 20 years ago. The goal of this paper is to clarify the different types of cleistogamy, quanti...