Exposure measurement error in PM2.5 health effects studies: A pooled analysis of eight personal exposure validation studies
Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM 2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM 2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available sur...
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Published in | Environmental health Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 2 |
---|---|
Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
London
BioMed Central
13.01.2014
BioMed Central Ltd |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
ISSN | 1476-069X 1476-069X |
DOI | 10.1186/1476-069X-13-2 |
Cover
Abstract | Background
Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM
2.5
health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM
2.5
exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures.
Methods
Daily personal and ambient PM
2.5
, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM
2.5
of ambient origin. Since PM
2.5
of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM
2.5
was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM
2.5
at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects’ homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models.
Results
When monthly-averaged personal PM
2.5
of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM
2.5
for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM
2.5
, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM
2.5
.
Conclusions
Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. |
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AbstractList | Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures.
Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models.
When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5.
Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. Doc number: 2 Abstract Background: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods: Daily personal and ambient PM2.5 , and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results: When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5 , for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5 . Conclusions: Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. BACKGROUND: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. METHODS: Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. RESULTS: When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures.BACKGROUNDExposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures.Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models.METHODSDaily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models.When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5.RESULTSWhen monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5.Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.CONCLUSIONSCalibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM.sub.2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods Daily personal and ambient PM.sub.2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM.sub.2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM.sub.2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results When monthly-averaged personal PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM.sub.2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM.sub.2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM.sub.2.5. Conclusions Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. Keywords: Exposure measurement error, Fine particles, Fine particles of ambient origin, Monitoring data, Spatio-temporal models Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM 2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM 2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods Daily personal and ambient PM 2.5 , and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM 2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM 2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM 2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM 2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects’ homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results When monthly-averaged personal PM 2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM 2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM 2.5 , for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM 2.5 . Conclusions Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM.sub.2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Daily personal and ambient PM.sub.2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM.sub.2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM.sub.2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. When monthly-averaged personal PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM.sub.2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM.sub.2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM.sub.2.5. Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. |
ArticleNumber | 2 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Kaufman, Joel D Williams, Ronald Szpiro, Adam A Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna Yanosky, Jeff D Sheppard, Lianne Suh, Helen Spiegelman, Donna Laden, Francine Hong, Biling |
AuthorAffiliation | 6 Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 1 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 4 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 8 Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 5 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 7 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA 2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA – name: 5 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA – name: 6 Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania – name: 7 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA – name: 3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA – name: 4 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA – name: 8 Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA – name: 1 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Marianthi-Anna surname: Kioumourtzoglou fullname: Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna email: marianthi.anna@mail.harvard.edu organization: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health – sequence: 2 givenname: Donna surname: Spiegelman fullname: Spiegelman, Donna organization: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health – sequence: 3 givenname: Adam A surname: Szpiro fullname: Szpiro, Adam A organization: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington – sequence: 4 givenname: Lianne surname: Sheppard fullname: Sheppard, Lianne organization: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington – sequence: 5 givenname: Joel D surname: Kaufman fullname: Kaufman, Joel D organization: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington – sequence: 6 givenname: Jeff D surname: Yanosky fullname: Yanosky, Jeff D organization: Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine – sequence: 7 givenname: Ronald surname: Williams fullname: Williams, Ronald organization: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park – sequence: 8 givenname: Francine surname: Laden fullname: Laden, Francine organization: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health – sequence: 9 givenname: Biling surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Biling organization: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health – sequence: 10 givenname: Helen surname: Suh fullname: Suh, Helen organization: Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24410940$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2014 Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
Copyright_xml | – notice: Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 – notice: COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. – notice: 2014 Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. – notice: Copyright © 2014 Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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Snippet | Background
Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM
2.5
health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by... Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating... Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error... Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by... Doc number: 2 Abstract Background: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We... BACKGROUND: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by... |
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SubjectTerms | Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Bias Calibration Cities Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Exposure - analysis Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data Environmental Health Environmental protection Exposure Health risk assessment Health risks Heterogeneity Humans Linear Models Motor vehicles Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Outdoor air quality Particle Size Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Public Health Research Design Sulfates - analysis Uncertainty United States |
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Title | Exposure measurement error in PM2.5 health effects studies: A pooled analysis of eight personal exposure validation studies |
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