Exposure measurement error in PM2.5 health effects studies: A pooled analysis of eight personal exposure validation studies

Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM 2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM 2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available sur...

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Published inEnvironmental health Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 2
Main Authors Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna, Spiegelman, Donna, Szpiro, Adam A, Sheppard, Lianne, Kaufman, Joel D, Yanosky, Jeff D, Williams, Ronald, Laden, Francine, Hong, Biling, Suh, Helen
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London BioMed Central 13.01.2014
BioMed Central Ltd
Subjects
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1476-069X
1476-069X
DOI10.1186/1476-069X-13-2

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Abstract Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM 2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM 2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods Daily personal and ambient PM 2.5 , and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM 2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM 2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM 2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM 2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects’ homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results When monthly-averaged personal PM 2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM 2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM 2.5 , for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM 2.5 . Conclusions Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
AbstractList Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5. Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
Doc number: 2 Abstract Background: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods: Daily personal and ambient PM2.5 , and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results: When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5 , for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5 . Conclusions: Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
BACKGROUND: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. METHODS: Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. RESULTS: When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5. CONCLUSIONS: Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures.BACKGROUNDExposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures.Daily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models.METHODSDaily personal and ambient PM2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models.When monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5.RESULTSWhen monthly-averaged personal PM2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM2.5.Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.CONCLUSIONSCalibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM.sub.2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods Daily personal and ambient PM.sub.2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM.sub.2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM.sub.2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results When monthly-averaged personal PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM.sub.2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM.sub.2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM.sub.2.5. Conclusions Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies. Keywords: Exposure measurement error, Fine particles, Fine particles of ambient origin, Monitoring data, Spatio-temporal models
Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM 2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM 2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Methods Daily personal and ambient PM 2.5 , and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM 2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM 2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM 2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM 2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects’ homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. Results When monthly-averaged personal PM 2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM 2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM 2.5 , for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM 2.5 . Conclusions Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating calibration coefficients as the association between personal PM.sub.2.5 exposures from validation studies and typically available surrogate exposures. Daily personal and ambient PM.sub.2.5, and when available sulfate, measurements were compiled from nine cities, over 2 to 12 days. True exposure was defined as personal exposure to PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin. Since PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin could only be determined for five cities, personal exposure to total PM.sub.2.5 was also considered. Surrogate exposures were estimated as ambient PM.sub.2.5 at the nearest monitor or predicted outside subjects' homes. We estimated calibration coefficients by regressing true on surrogate exposures in random effects models. When monthly-averaged personal PM.sub.2.5 of ambient origin was used as the true exposure, calibration coefficients equaled 0.31 (95% CI:0.14, 0.47) for nearest monitor and 0.54 (95% CI:0.42, 0.65) for outdoor home predictions. Between-city heterogeneity was not found for outdoor home PM.sub.2.5 for either true exposure. Heterogeneity was significant for nearest monitor PM.sub.2.5, for both true exposures, but not after adjusting for city-average motor vehicle number for total personal PM.sub.2.5. Calibration coefficients were <1, consistent with previously reported chronic health risks using nearest monitor exposures being under-estimated when ambient concentrations are the exposure of interest. Calibration coefficients were closer to 1 for outdoor home predictions, likely reflecting less spatial error. Further research is needed to determine how our findings can be incorporated in future health studies.
ArticleNumber 2
Audience Academic
Author Kaufman, Joel D
Williams, Ronald
Szpiro, Adam A
Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna
Yanosky, Jeff D
Sheppard, Lianne
Suh, Helen
Spiegelman, Donna
Laden, Francine
Hong, Biling
AuthorAffiliation 6 Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
1 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
4 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
8 Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
5 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
7 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
2 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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– name: 5 Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
– name: 6 Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
– name: 7 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
– name: 3 Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
– name: 4 Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
– name: 8 Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
– name: 1 Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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  surname: Spiegelman
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  surname: Szpiro
  fullname: Szpiro, Adam A
  organization: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington
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  surname: Sheppard
  fullname: Sheppard, Lianne
  organization: Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
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  surname: Kaufman
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  organization: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington
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  organization: Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine
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  surname: Suh
  fullname: Suh, Helen
  organization: Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24410940$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Kioumourtzoglou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
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Keywords Monitoring data
Spatio-temporal models
Exposure measurement error
Fine particles
Fine particles of ambient origin
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Snippet Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM 2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by...
Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by estimating...
Background Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error...
Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM.sub.2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by...
Doc number: 2 Abstract Background: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We...
BACKGROUND: Exposure measurement error is a concern in long-term PM2.5 health studies using ambient concentrations as exposures. We assessed error magnitude by...
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StartPage 2
SubjectTerms Air Pollutants - analysis
Air pollution
Bias
Calibration
Cities
Earth and Environmental Science
Environment
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Environmental Exposure - statistics & numerical data
Environmental Health
Environmental protection
Exposure
Health risk assessment
Health risks
Heterogeneity
Humans
Linear Models
Motor vehicles
Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine
Outdoor air quality
Particle Size
Particulate matter
Particulate Matter - analysis
Public Health
Research Design
Sulfates - analysis
Uncertainty
United States
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Title Exposure measurement error in PM2.5 health effects studies: A pooled analysis of eight personal exposure validation studies
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1476-069X-13-2
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24410940
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1497963596
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1499149625
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-13-2
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3922798
Volume 13
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