Prevalence and risk factors of depression symptoms among Chinese seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

• Published in: BMJ open Vol. 11; no. 6; p. e048660
• Main Authors: Qin, Wenzhe, Li, Lei, Zhu, Dongshan, Ju, Chengfei, Bi, Pengfei, Li, Shixue
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England British Medical Journal Publishing Group 23.06.2021; BMJ Publishing Group LTD; BMJ Publishing Group
• Series: Original research
• Subjects: Age; Anxiety; China - epidemiology; Chronic illnesses; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - psychology; Cross-Sectional Studies; depression & mood disorders; Depression - epidemiology; Disease; Epidemiology; Exercise; Gender; Health behavior; Humans; Male; Medical supplies; Mental depression; Mental health; Naval Medicine; Occupational stress; Overtime; Pandemics; Prevalence; Public Health; Risk Factors; Ships; Sleep; Sociodemographics; Standard scores; Stress; Surveys and Questionnaires; China; COVID-19; depression & mood disorders; epidemiology
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-048660
• ISSN: 2044-6055

BackgroundTo curb the spread of COVID-19, most countries have adopted measures such as banning shore leave at ports and placed restrictions on crew change. Seafarers may bear an excess pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression symptoms among Chinese seafarers during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsThis field survey-based study was conducted at Rongcheng Port, Shandong Province, China, from 10 June 2020 to 25 July 2020. Sociodemographic and occupational characteristics and health-related behaviours were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire. The Self-Rating Depression Scale was used to evaluate depression status during the preceding week. Logistic regression models were used to explore factors related to depression.Results441 male Chinese seafarers were enrolled. Overall, the proportions of seafarers with low, moderate and severe depression symptoms were 23.35%, 9.30% and 9.07%, respectively. Compared with those with good self-rated health (SRH), seafarers with poor SRH had higher odds of depression (OR, 2.24, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.11). Less leisure time or physical exercise was associated with more severe self-reported depression symptoms (1–3 per week vs ≥4 per week: OR, 1.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 4.14; none vs ≥4 per week: OR, 3.93, 95% CI 1.67 to 9.26). Poor sleep quality was associated with higher likelihood of reporting severe depression (fair vs good: OR, 2.78, 95% CI 1.54 to 5.01; poor vs good: OR, 4.30, 95% CI 1.65 to 11.24). The more frequent seafarers worked overtime a week, the higher the likelihood of reporting severe depression symptoms (1–2 per week vs none: OR, 1.82, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.18; ≥3 per week vs none: OR, 2.49, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.92). Also, high perceived work stress was linked to higher odds of being depressed (intermediate vs low: OR, 2.06, 95% CI 0.78 to 5.46; high vs low: OR, 3.83, 95% CI 1.35 to 10.90).ConclusionsThere is a high burden of depression associated with COVID-19 among seafarers. Special interventions that protect the mental health of seafarers are more critical than ever in the context of the pandemic.