Wolbachia, Sodalis and trypanosome co-infections in natural populations of Glossina austeni and Glossina pallidipes

BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infecti...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inParasites & vectors Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 232
Main Authors Wamwiri, Florence N, Alam, Uzma, Thande, Paul C, Aksoy, Emre, Ngure, Raphael M, Aksoy, Serap, Ouma, Johnson O, Murilla, Grace A
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Springer-Verlag 08.08.2013
BioMed Central Ltd
BioMed Central
Subjects
age structure
Analysis
Animals
coastal forests
Coinfection - microbiology
Coinfection - parasitology
Coinfection - veterinary
Development and progression
endosymbionts
Enterobacteriaceae - genetics
Enterobacteriaceae - isolation & purification
Enterobacteriaceae - physiology
environmental factors
Female
females
Glossina austeni
Glossina pallidipes
Health aspects
Infections
Insect Vectors - microbiology
Insect Vectors - parasitology
Insect Vectors - physiology
internal transcribed spacers
longevity
Male
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Methods
midgut
mixed infection
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
polymerase chain reaction
Rain
Risk factors
Sodalis
Sodalis glossinidius
Symbiosis
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma - genetics
Trypanosoma - isolation & purification
Trypanosoma - physiology
Trypanosomiasis
Tsetse Flies - microbiology
Tsetse Flies - parasitology
Tsetse Flies - physiology
Tsetse-flies
Viral infections
Wigglesworthia glossinidia
Wolbachia
Wolbachia - genetics
Wolbachia - isolation & purification
Wolbachia - physiology
Wolbachia pipientis
Kenya
South Africa
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. METHODS: Fly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009–2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. RESULTS: Overall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes. The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes. Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. CONCLUSIONS: The tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations.
AbstractList Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. Fly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009-2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. Overall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes. The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes. Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. The tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations.
Doc number: 232 Abstract Background: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia , Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. Methods: Fly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009-2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. Results: Overall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes . The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes . Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. Conclusions: The tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations.
BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. METHODS: Fly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009–2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. RESULTS: Overall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes. The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes. Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. CONCLUSIONS: The tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations.
Background Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. Methods Fly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009-2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. Results Overall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes. The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes. Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. Conclusions The tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations. Keywords: Glossina, Wolbachia, Sodalis, Trypanosomes, Co-infection, Shimba Hills, Kenya
BACKGROUNDTsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. METHODSFly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009-2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. RESULTSOverall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes. The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes. Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. CONCLUSIONSThe tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations.
Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis reside in the gut in close association with trypanosomes and may influence establishment and development of midgut parasite infections. Wolbachia has been shown to induce reproductive effects in infected tsetse. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of these endosymbionts in natural populations of G. austeni and G. pallidipes and to assess the degree of concurrent infections with trypanosomes. Fly samples analyzed originated from Kenyan coastal forests (trapped in 2009-2011) and South African G. austeni collected in 2008. The age structure was estimated by standard methods. G. austeni (n=298) and G. pallidipes (n= 302) were analyzed for infection with Wolbachia and Sodalis using PCR. Trypanosome infection was determined either by microscopic examination of dissected organs or by PCR amplification. Overall we observed that G. pallidipes females had a longer lifespan (70 d) than G. austeni (54 d) in natural populations. Wolbachia infections were present in all G. austeni flies analysed, while in contrast, this symbiont was absent from G. pallidipes. The density of Wolbachia infections in the Kenyan G. austeni population was higher than that observed in South African flies. The infection prevalence of Sodalis ranged from 3.7% in G. austeni to about 16% in G. pallidipes. Microscopic examination of midguts revealed an overall trypanosome infection prevalence of 6% (n = 235) and 5% (n = 552), while evaluation with ITS1 primers indicated a prevalence of about 13% (n = 296) and 10% (n = 302) in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. The majority of infections (46%) were with T. congolense. Co-infection with all three organisms was observed at 1% and 3.3% in G. austeni and G. pallidipes, respectively. Eleven out of the thirteen (85%) co-infected flies harboured T. congolense and T. simiae parasites. While the association between trypanosomes and Sodalis infection was statistically significant in G. pallidipes (P = 0.0127), the number of co-infected flies was too few for a definite conclusion. The tsetse populations analyzed differed in the prevalence of symbionts, despite being sympatric and therefore exposed to identical environmental factors. The density of infections with Wolbachia also differed between G. austeni populations. There were too few natural co-infections detected with the Sodalis and trypanosomes to suggest extensive inter-relations between these infections in natural populations. We discuss these findings in the context of potential symbiont-mediated control interventions to reduce parasite infections and/or fly populations.
ArticleNumber 232
Audience Academic
Author Thande, Paul C
Aksoy, Serap
Ouma, Johnson O
Wamwiri, Florence N
Ngure, Raphael M
Murilla, Grace A
Alam, Uzma
Aksoy, Emre
AuthorAffiliation 1 KARI-Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, P.O. Box 362-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya
2 Yale University, School of Public Health, 60 College Street, 811 LEPH, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 1 KARI-Trypanosomiasis Research Centre, P.O. Box 362-00902, Kikuyu, Kenya
– name: 2 Yale University, School of Public Health, 60 College Street, 811 LEPH, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
– name: 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536-20115, Egerton, Kenya
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Wamwiri, Florence N
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Alam, Uzma
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Thande, Paul C
– sequence: 4
  fullname: Aksoy, Emre
– sequence: 5
  fullname: Ngure, Raphael M
– sequence: 6
  fullname: Aksoy, Serap
– sequence: 7
  fullname: Ouma, Johnson O
– sequence: 8
  fullname: Murilla, Grace A
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23924682$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNqNkt1r1TAYxotM3Idee6cFbybYLWmaj94Ic-gcDASPw8uQz7OMNKlNK-6_X-qZh1OZIL1oefPL05fneQ6LvRCDKYqXEJxAyMgppJhUCAFckapG9ZPiYDvZ2_neLw5TugWAgBaTZ8V-jdq6Iaw-KNL36KVQN068K1dRC-9SKYIux-GuFyGm2JlSxcoFa9ToYkilC2UQ4zQIX_axn7zYjKMtL3xMyQVRiimNJrjfQtthL7x32vUmPS-eWuGTefHwPiquP338dv65uvpycXl-dlVJgthYmRaohgiDiARAM9RKbSXFACilaG01sEAbLTGBgiJpjWwpYRhLJDUyhGh0VLzf6PaT7IxWJox5a94PrhPDHY_C8eVJcDd8HX9yRDFsmyYLfNgISBf_IbA8UbHjs-l8Np0TniPJIscPWwzxx2TSyDuXlPFeBBOnxGGTw0D5h-A_0JrSps7JZ_TNX-htnIaQ7Zwphhht8A61Ft7wHGLMa6pZlJ9h1FAGGSOZOnmEyo82nVO5cNbl-eLC28WFzIzm17jOuSd-ufq6ZE83rBpyEQZjt_ZBwOcOP2LYq93Ytvyf0mbg9QawInKxHlzi16sawFwNwFpIMLoH0Vb4Bg
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_tropicalmed8020080
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1295_4
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1296_3
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0008267
crossref_primary_10_1093_jisesa_ieu134
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13071_018_3229_2
crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_7_378
crossref_primary_10_12688_openresafrica_13397_1
crossref_primary_10_1111_1758_2229_13169
crossref_primary_10_1017_S0031182022000804
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_parint_2019_01_011
crossref_primary_10_1051_parasite_2019005
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1278_5
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0004465
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jip_2022_107835
crossref_primary_10_1128_AEM_00079_14
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0007464
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1280_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_pathogens10111501
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1285_6
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12866_018_1286_5
crossref_primary_10_1155_2015_607432
crossref_primary_10_1128_AEM_01150_14
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pntd_0010833
crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_7_225
crossref_primary_10_1051_parasite_2018044
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_017_04740_3
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13199_023_00966_0
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_meegid_2018_05_033
crossref_primary_10_1111_imb_12607
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_022_06699_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vetpar_2015_04_027
Cites_doi 10.2217/fmb.11.71
10.1098/rspb.1998.0324
10.4049/jimmunol.1103691
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.01.007
10.1046/j.1365-2583.1999.810125.x
10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025612
10.1128/AEM.01507-06
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002415
10.1098/rspb.2005.3399
10.1007/s10482-010-9546-x
10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_11
10.1017/S1742758400008663
10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.353
10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00106-X
10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04980.x
10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.12.002
10.1017/S0007485300048331
10.1017/S1742758400008754
10.1016/j.meegid.2003.11.004
10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01606-3
10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145144
10.1099/00207713-49-1-267
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001220
10.1016/S0065-308X(03)53002-0
10.1186/1756-3305-4-82
10.1038/216383a0
10.1073/pnas.0901226106
10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
10.1016/j.meegid.2009.10.008
10.1017/S0007485300022203
10.1017/S003118200006724X
10.1186/1471-2180-12-S1-S3
10.1126/science.1165326
10.1007/BF01933932
10.1007/s00284-005-4525-6
10.1098/rspb.2005.3348
10.1073/pnas.221363798
10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00261.x
10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04321.x
10.1046/j.1365-2583.1997.00157.x
10.1093/molbev/msl135
10.1371/journal.pntd.0001892
10.1186/1756-3305-4-217
10.1073/pnas.94.20.10792
10.1016/j.pt.2011.05.001
10.1073/pnas.0403853101
10.1186/1756-3305-5-201
10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.042
10.1080/09670878709371136
10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00241.x
10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01512-4
10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00202.x
10.1128/AEM.00741-08
10.1038/embor.2011.84
10.1017/S0007485300042620
10.1128/AEM.00806-12
10.1128/JB.180.9.2373-2378.1998
10.1017/S0007485300028352
10.1007/s00436-004-1267-5
10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.10.015
10.1046/j.1365-2583.1999.820243.x
10.1098/rsbl.2006.0590
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd.
2013 Wamwiri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright © 2013 Wamwiri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Wamwiri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2013 BioMed Central Ltd.
– notice: 2013 Wamwiri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
– notice: Copyright © 2013 Wamwiri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013 Wamwiri et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
DBID FBQ
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
ISR
3V.
7SN
7SS
7X7
7XB
88E
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
C1K
CCPQU
DWQXO
F1W
FYUFA
GHDGH
H95
K9.
L.G
M0S
M1P
M7N
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
7QL
H97
5PM
DOI 10.1186/1756-3305-6-232
DatabaseName AGRIS
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
Gale In Context: Science
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Ecology Abstracts
Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)
Health Medical collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Access via ProQuest (Open Access)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
MEDLINE - Academic
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Ecology Abstracts
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Entomology Abstracts
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)
Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality
DatabaseTitleList

Publicly Available Content Database


Entomology Abstracts

MEDLINE - Academic
MEDLINE
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
– sequence: 4
  dbid: FBQ
  name: AGRIS
  url: http://www.fao.org/agris/Centre.asp?Menu_1ID=DB&Menu_2ID=DB1&Language=EN&Content=http://www.fao.org/agris/search?Language=EN
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Zoology
EISSN 1756-3305
EndPage 232
ExternalDocumentID oai_biomedcentral_com_1756_3305_6_232
3056998171
A534781886
10_1186_1756_3305_6_232
23924682
US201500089165
Genre Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
GeographicLocations Kenya
South Africa
GeographicLocations_xml – name: South Africa
– name: Kenya
GrantInformation_xml – fundername: FIC NIH HHS
  grantid: R03TW008413
– fundername: NIAID NIH HHS
  grantid: R01 AI051584
– fundername: FIC NIH HHS
  grantid: D43 TW007391
– fundername: FIC NIH HHS
  grantid: D43TW007391
– fundername: FIC NIH HHS
  grantid: R03 TW008413
GroupedDBID ---
-56
-5G
-A0
-BR
123
29O
2VQ
2WC
2XV
3V.
4.4
53G
5VS
7X7
88E
8FI
8FJ
AAFWJ
AAJSJ
ABDBF
ABPTK
ABUWG
ABVAZ
ACGFS
ACIHN
ACPRK
ACRMQ
ADBBV
ADINQ
ADRAZ
AEAQA
AENEX
AFGXO
AFKRA
AFNRJ
AFPKN
AFRAH
AHBYD
AHMBA
AHSBF
AHYZX
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMKLP
AMTXH
AOIJS
BAPOH
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BFQNJ
BMC
BPHCQ
BVXVI
C24
C6C
CCPQU
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EBD
EBS
ECGQY
EJD
EMOBN
ESX
F5P
FBQ
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
H13
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
INH
INR
IPNFZ
ISR
ITC
KQ8
M1P
M48
M~E
O5R
O5S
OK1
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
RBZ
RIG
RNS
ROL
RPM
RSV
SBL
SOJ
SV3
TR2
TUS
UKHRP
~8M
0R~
ADUKV
ALIPV
CGR
CUY
CVF
EBLON
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
7SN
7SS
7XB
8FK
AZQEC
C1K
DWQXO
F1W
H95
K9.
L.G
M7N
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
7X8
7QL
H97
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-b638t-e90c46ae36b00d839bdfb7500ccc72fd0f0dedb561a73bfeb976855b3bd3e66d3
IEDL.DBID RBZ
ISSN 1756-3305
IngestDate Tue Sep 17 21:20:21 EDT 2024
Wed May 22 07:14:04 EDT 2024
Sat Oct 05 05:40:51 EDT 2024
Sat Oct 05 04:47:19 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 10 22:04:46 EDT 2024
Wed Aug 14 18:53:40 EDT 2024
Tue Nov 12 23:34:56 EST 2024
Sat Sep 28 21:13:54 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 12 16:43:20 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 07:55:14 EDT 2024
Wed Dec 27 19:17:14 EST 2023
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 1
Language English
License This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b638t-e90c46ae36b00d839bdfb7500ccc72fd0f0dedb561a73bfeb976855b3bd3e66d3
Notes http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-232
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-232
PMID 23924682
PQID 1428387458
PQPubID 55241
PageCount 1
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_3751944
biomedcentral_primary_oai_biomedcentral_com_1756_3305_6_232
proquest_miscellaneous_1439235190
proquest_miscellaneous_1427742118
proquest_journals_1428387458
gale_infotracmisc_A534781886
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A534781886
gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A534781886
crossref_primary_10_1186_1756_3305_6_232
pubmed_primary_23924682
fao_agris_US201500089165
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2013-08-08
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2013-08-08
PublicationDate_xml – month: 08
  year: 2013
  text: 2013-08-08
  day: 08
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
– name: London
PublicationTitle Parasites & vectors
PublicationTitleAlternate Parasit Vectors
PublicationYear 2013
Publisher Springer-Verlag
BioMed Central Ltd
BioMed Central
Publisher_xml – name: Springer-Verlag
– name: BioMed Central Ltd
– name: BioMed Central
References 22376025 - BMC Microbiol. 2012;12 Suppl 1:S3
19879380 - Infect Genet Evol. 2010 Jan;10(1):115-21
11729071 - Annu Rev Entomol. 2002;47:123-41
20064373 - Cell. 2009 Dec 24;139(7):1268-78
13678706 - J Invertebr Pathol. 2003 Sep;84(1):1-5
17224154 - Int J Parasitol. 2007 May;37(6):595-603
18689507 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Oct;74(19):5965-74
19119237 - Science. 2009 Jan 2;323(5910):141-4
21546911 - EMBO Rep. 2011 Jun;12(6):508-18
2255842 - Trop Med Parasitol. 1990 Sep;41(3):265-7
15619129 - Parasitol Res. 2005 Feb;95(3):186-92
17012373 - Mol Biol Evol. 2007 Jan;24(1):102-9
15942697 - Curr Microbiol. 2005 Jul;51(1):35-40
9380712 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10792-6
9573188 - J Bacteriol. 1998 May;180(9):2373-8
16537132 - Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Mar 7;273(1586):603-10
22174680 - PLoS Pathog. 2011 Dec;7(12):e1002415
9927181 - Insect Mol Biol. 1999 Feb;8(1):125-32
10028272 - Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1999 Jan;49 Pt 1:267-75
22093363 - Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:217
21595907 - Parasit Vectors. 2011;4:82
19732336 - Mol Ecol. 2009 Sep;18(18):3816-30
23133693 - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(11):e1892
17251124 - Biol Lett. 2007 Apr 22;3(2):210-3
10759311 - Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Mar;14(1):44-50
16950907 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2006 Nov;72(11):7013-21
6495384 - Tropenmed Parasitol. 1984 Sep;35(3):151-6
11592981 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Oct 23;98(22):12648-53
4228275 - Nature. 1967 Oct 28;216(5113):383-4
10689331 - Parasitol Today. 2000 Mar;16(3):114-8
22074685 - Acta Trop. 2012 Feb;121(2):129-34
22544247 - Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Jul;78(13):4627-37
11016436 - Med Vet Entomol. 2000 Sep;14(3):283-9
17324481 - Prev Vet Med. 2007 Jun 15;80(1):24-33
16618673 - Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Apr 7;273(1588):805-14
10481151 - Parasitol Today. 1999 Oct;15(10):399-403
9569669 - Proc Biol Sci. 1998 Mar 22;265(1395):509-15
8742640 - Mol Biol Evol. 1996 Mar;13(3):510-24
21000966 - Bull Entomol Res. 1946 Sep;37(2):291-9
21912708 - PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Aug;5(8):e1220
23327306 - Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2012;79(1):E1-6
18510020 - Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008;627:126-40
21199036 - Mol Ecol. 2011 Feb;20(4):853-68
15019587 - Infect Genet Evol. 2004 Mar;4(1):29-35
986317 - Experientia. 1976 Aug 15;32(8):995-6
19587241 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Jul 21;106(29):12133-8
21861618 - Future Microbiol. 2011 Aug;6(8):851-3
22992486 - Parasit Vectors. 2012;5:201
10380108 - Insect Mol Biol. 1999 May;8(2):243-55
14587696 - Adv Parasitol. 2003;53:1-83
21697014 - Trends Parasitol. 2011 Nov;27(11):514-22
15469918 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Oct 19;101(42):15042-5
8414668 - Parasitology. 1993 Aug;107 ( Pt 2):141-5
9013253 - Insect Mol Biol. 1997 Feb;6(1):33-9
21203841 - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2011 Mar;99(3):711-20
22368278 - J Immunol. 2012 Apr 1;188(7):3395-403
A Challier (1027_CR29) 1973; 11
BL Weiss (1027_CR68) 2006; 72
SC Welburn (1027_CR2) 1999; 15
H Laven (1027_CR19) 1967; 216
T Ikeda (1027_CR49) 2003; 84
JM Lindh (1027_CR8) 2011; 99
CB Beard (1027_CR14) 2002; 47
LA Moreira (1027_CR24) 2009; 139
I Iturbe-Ormaetxe (1027_CR26) 2011; 12
S Aksoy (1027_CR58) 2000; 16
W Arthofer (1027_CR47) 2009; 18
U Alam (1027_CR21) 2011; 7
DS Saunders (1027_CR42) 1962; 53
Q Cheng (1027_CR28) 2000; 14
G Nogge (1027_CR5) 1976; 32
KT Min (1027_CR22) 1997; 94
SC Welburn (1027_CR69) 1993; 107
AR Chavshin (1027_CR17) 2012; 121
M Turelli (1027_CR27) 1999; 8
S O’Neill (1027_CR50) 1997; 6
W Takken (1027_CR43) 1984; 5
C Simon (1027_CR38) 1994; 87
SJ Torr (1027_CR32) 1992; 82
ZK Njiru (1027_CR40) 2005; 95
I Hurwitz (1027_CR15) 2011; 19
BL Weiss (1027_CR13) 2012; 188
SO Ohaga (1027_CR60) 2007; 80
U Alam (1027_CR9) 2012; 78
Z Hao (1027_CR4) 2001; 98
G Simo (1027_CR63) 2012; 5
I Maudlin (1027_CR55) 1990; 41
CL Brelsfoard (1027_CR44) 2011; 19
DJ Clancy (1027_CR45) 1998; 86
EAR Ibrahim (1027_CR66) 1984; 35
K Barrett (1027_CR1) 1998; 90
CHN Jackson (1027_CR41) 1946; 37
JA Russel (1027_CR53) 2006; 273
MA Riehle (1027_CR16) 2007; 37
ZK Njiru (1027_CR64) 2003; 4
II Malele (1027_CR62) 2011; 4
GoK (1027_CR57) 2011
A Geiger (1027_CR67) 2005; 51
A Geiger (1027_CR11) 2007; 24
AMM Abd-Alla (1027_CR52) 2011; 5
S Aksoy (1027_CR3) 2003; 53
WJ Miller (1027_CR48) 2010
M Motloang (1027_CR61) 2012; 79
CJ McMeniman (1027_CR51) 2009; 323
R Brightwell (1027_CR30) 1987; 33
JL Rasgon (1027_CR18) 2011; 6
V Doudoumis (1027_CR36) 2012; 12
J Wang (1027_CR6) 2009; 106
O Farikou (1027_CR10) 2010; 10
S Zabalou (1027_CR20) 2004; 101
H Toju (1027_CR56) 2011; 20
WG Zhou (1027_CR35) 1998; 265
MJB Vreysen (1027_CR31) 2000; 14
L Lloyd (1027_CR39) 1924; 14
B Weiss (1027_CR12) 2011; 27
HR Braig (1027_CR34) 1998; 180
R Pais (1027_CR7) 2008; 74
SA Tarimo (1027_CR59) 1984; 5
L Mouton (1027_CR46) 2007; 3
Q Cheng (1027_CR65) 1999; 8
PE Cook (1027_CR23) 2008; 627
C Dale (1027_CR37) 1999; 49
RV Rio (1027_CR54) 2006; 273
AF van den Hurk (1027_CR25) 2012; 6
P Sunnucks (1027_CR33) 1996; 13
References_xml – volume: 6
  start-page: 851
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR18
  publication-title: Future Microbiol
  doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.71
  contributor:
    fullname: JL Rasgon
– volume: 265
  start-page: 509
  year: 1998
  ident: 1027_CR35
  publication-title: Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.1998.0324
  contributor:
    fullname: WG Zhou
– volume: 188
  start-page: 3395
  issue: 7
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR13
  publication-title: J Immunol
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103691
  contributor:
    fullname: BL Weiss
– volume: 80
  start-page: 24
  year: 2007
  ident: 1027_CR60
  publication-title: Prev Vet Med
  doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2007.01.007
  contributor:
    fullname: SO Ohaga
– volume: 8
  start-page: 125
  year: 1999
  ident: 1027_CR65
  publication-title: Insect Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1999.810125.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Q Cheng
– volume: 13
  start-page: 510
  year: 1996
  ident: 1027_CR33
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025612
  contributor:
    fullname: P Sunnucks
– volume: 72
  start-page: 7013
  year: 2006
  ident: 1027_CR68
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.01507-06
  contributor:
    fullname: BL Weiss
– volume: 7
  start-page: e1002415
  issue: 12
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR21
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002415
  contributor:
    fullname: U Alam
– start-page: 40
  volume-title: The 2010 Short Rains Season Assessment Report
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR57
  contributor:
    fullname: GoK
– volume: 273
  start-page: 805
  year: 2006
  ident: 1027_CR54
  publication-title: Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3399
  contributor:
    fullname: RV Rio
– volume: 99
  start-page: 711
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR8
  publication-title: Antonie Leeuwenhoek
  doi: 10.1007/s10482-010-9546-x
  contributor:
    fullname: JM Lindh
– volume-title: Improving SIT for tsetse flies through research on their symbionts and pathogens: 2010
  year: 2010
  ident: 1027_CR48
  contributor:
    fullname: WJ Miller
– volume: 627
  start-page: 126
  year: 2008
  ident: 1027_CR23
  publication-title: Adv Exp Med Biol
  doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_11
  contributor:
    fullname: PE Cook
– volume: 5
  start-page: 357
  year: 1984
  ident: 1027_CR43
  publication-title: Int J Trop Insect Sci
  doi: 10.1017/S1742758400008663
  contributor:
    fullname: W Takken
– volume: 79
  start-page: e1
  issue: 1
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR61
  publication-title: Onderstepoort J Vet Res
  doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v79i1.353
  contributor:
    fullname: M Motloang
– volume: 84
  start-page: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: 1027_CR49
  publication-title: J Invertebr Pathol
  doi: 10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00106-X
  contributor:
    fullname: T Ikeda
– volume: 20
  start-page: 853
  issue: 4
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR56
  publication-title: Mol Ecol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04980.x
  contributor:
    fullname: H Toju
– volume: 37
  start-page: 595
  year: 2007
  ident: 1027_CR16
  publication-title: Int J Parasitol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.12.002
  contributor:
    fullname: MA Riehle
– volume: 53
  start-page: 579
  year: 1962
  ident: 1027_CR42
  publication-title: Bull Entomol Res
  doi: 10.1017/S0007485300048331
  contributor:
    fullname: DS Saunders
– volume: 5
  start-page: 415
  issue: 05
  year: 1984
  ident: 1027_CR59
  publication-title: Int J Trop Insect Sci
  doi: 10.1017/S1742758400008754
  contributor:
    fullname: SA Tarimo
– volume: 4
  start-page: 29
  year: 2003
  ident: 1027_CR64
  publication-title: Infect Genet Evol
  doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2003.11.004
  contributor:
    fullname: ZK Njiru
– volume: 16
  start-page: 114
  year: 2000
  ident: 1027_CR58
  publication-title: Parasitol Today
  doi: 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01606-3
  contributor:
    fullname: S Aksoy
– volume: 47
  start-page: 123
  year: 2002
  ident: 1027_CR14
  publication-title: Annu Rev Entomol
  doi: 10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145144
  contributor:
    fullname: CB Beard
– volume: 49
  start-page: 267
  year: 1999
  ident: 1027_CR37
  publication-title: Int J Syst Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1099/00207713-49-1-267
  contributor:
    fullname: C Dale
– volume: 5
  start-page: e1220
  issue: 8
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR52
  publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001220
  contributor:
    fullname: AMM Abd-Alla
– volume: 53
  start-page: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: 1027_CR3
  publication-title: Adv Parasitol
  doi: 10.1016/S0065-308X(03)53002-0
  contributor:
    fullname: S Aksoy
– volume: 11
  start-page: 251
  year: 1973
  ident: 1027_CR29
  publication-title: Cahiers ORSTOM, series Entomologie Medical Parasitologie
  contributor:
    fullname: A Challier
– volume: 19
  start-page: 82
  issue: 4
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR15
  publication-title: Parasit Vectors
  doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-82
  contributor:
    fullname: I Hurwitz
– volume: 216
  start-page: 383
  year: 1967
  ident: 1027_CR19
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/216383a0
  contributor:
    fullname: H Laven
– volume: 106
  start-page: 12133
  issue: 29
  year: 2009
  ident: 1027_CR6
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0901226106
  contributor:
    fullname: J Wang
– volume: 87
  start-page: 651
  year: 1994
  ident: 1027_CR38
  publication-title: Ann Entomol Soc Am
  doi: 10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
  contributor:
    fullname: C Simon
– volume: 10
  start-page: 115
  year: 2010
  ident: 1027_CR10
  publication-title: Infect Genet Evol
  doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.10.008
  contributor:
    fullname: O Farikou
– volume: 37
  start-page: 291
  year: 1946
  ident: 1027_CR41
  publication-title: Bull Entomol Res
  doi: 10.1017/S0007485300022203
  contributor:
    fullname: CHN Jackson
– volume: 107
  start-page: 141
  year: 1993
  ident: 1027_CR69
  publication-title: Parasitol
  doi: 10.1017/S003118200006724X
  contributor:
    fullname: SC Welburn
– volume: 12
  start-page: S3
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR36
  publication-title: BMC Microbiol
  doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-S1-S3
  contributor:
    fullname: V Doudoumis
– volume: 19
  start-page: 85
  issue: 3
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR44
  publication-title: AsPac J Mol Biol Biotechnol
  contributor:
    fullname: CL Brelsfoard
– volume: 323
  start-page: 141
  year: 2009
  ident: 1027_CR51
  publication-title: Science
  doi: 10.1126/science.1165326
  contributor:
    fullname: CJ McMeniman
– volume: 32
  start-page: 995
  year: 1976
  ident: 1027_CR5
  publication-title: Experientia
  doi: 10.1007/BF01933932
  contributor:
    fullname: G Nogge
– volume: 51
  start-page: 35
  issue: 1
  year: 2005
  ident: 1027_CR67
  publication-title: Curr Microbiol
  doi: 10.1007/s00284-005-4525-6
  contributor:
    fullname: A Geiger
– volume: 273
  start-page: 603
  year: 2006
  ident: 1027_CR53
  publication-title: Proc R Soc Lond
  doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3348
  contributor:
    fullname: JA Russel
– volume: 98
  start-page: 12648
  issue: 22
  year: 2001
  ident: 1027_CR4
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.221363798
  contributor:
    fullname: Z Hao
– volume: 86
  start-page: 13
  year: 1998
  ident: 1027_CR45
  publication-title: Entomol Exp Appl
  doi: 10.1046/j.1570-7458.1998.00261.x
  contributor:
    fullname: DJ Clancy
– volume: 18
  start-page: 3816
  year: 2009
  ident: 1027_CR47
  publication-title: Mol Ecol
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04321.x
  contributor:
    fullname: W Arthofer
– volume: 6
  start-page: 33
  year: 1997
  ident: 1027_CR50
  publication-title: Insect Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1997.00157.x
  contributor:
    fullname: S O’Neill
– volume: 90
  start-page: 39
  year: 1998
  ident: 1027_CR1
  publication-title: World Anim Rev
  contributor:
    fullname: K Barrett
– volume: 24
  start-page: 102
  year: 2007
  ident: 1027_CR11
  publication-title: Mol Biol Evol
  doi: 10.1093/molbev/msl135
  contributor:
    fullname: A Geiger
– volume: 6
  start-page: e1892
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR25
  publication-title: PLoS Negl Trop Dis
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001892
  contributor:
    fullname: AF van den Hurk
– volume: 4
  start-page: 217
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR62
  publication-title: Parasit Vectors
  doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-217
  contributor:
    fullname: II Malele
– volume: 94
  start-page: 10792
  year: 1997
  ident: 1027_CR22
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.20.10792
  contributor:
    fullname: KT Min
– volume: 27
  start-page: 514
  issue: 11
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR12
  publication-title: Trends Parasitol
  doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.05.001
  contributor:
    fullname: B Weiss
– volume: 101
  start-page: 15042
  year: 2004
  ident: 1027_CR20
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0403853101
  contributor:
    fullname: S Zabalou
– volume: 5
  start-page: 201
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR63
  publication-title: Parasit Vectors
  doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-201
  contributor:
    fullname: G Simo
– volume: 139
  start-page: 1268
  issue: 7
  year: 2009
  ident: 1027_CR24
  publication-title: Cell
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.042
  contributor:
    fullname: LA Moreira
– volume: 33
  start-page: 151
  year: 1987
  ident: 1027_CR30
  publication-title: Trop Pest Manag
  doi: 10.1080/09670878709371136
  contributor:
    fullname: R Brightwell
– volume: 41
  start-page: 265
  year: 1990
  ident: 1027_CR55
  publication-title: Trop Med Parasitol
  contributor:
    fullname: I Maudlin
– volume: 14
  start-page: 283
  year: 2000
  ident: 1027_CR31
  publication-title: Med Vet Entomol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00241.x
  contributor:
    fullname: MJB Vreysen
– volume: 15
  start-page: 399
  year: 1999
  ident: 1027_CR2
  publication-title: Parasitol Today
  doi: 10.1016/S0169-4758(99)01512-4
  contributor:
    fullname: SC Welburn
– volume: 14
  start-page: 44
  year: 2000
  ident: 1027_CR28
  publication-title: Med Vet Entomol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.2000.00202.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Q Cheng
– volume: 74
  start-page: 5965
  year: 2008
  ident: 1027_CR7
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.00741-08
  contributor:
    fullname: R Pais
– volume: 12
  start-page: 508
  issue: 6
  year: 2011
  ident: 1027_CR26
  publication-title: EMBO Rep
  doi: 10.1038/embor.2011.84
  contributor:
    fullname: I Iturbe-Ormaetxe
– volume: 82
  start-page: 525
  year: 1992
  ident: 1027_CR32
  publication-title: Bull Entomol Res
  doi: 10.1017/S0007485300042620
  contributor:
    fullname: SJ Torr
– volume: 78
  start-page: 4627
  issue: 13
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR9
  publication-title: Appli Environ Microbiol
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.00806-12
  contributor:
    fullname: U Alam
– volume: 180
  start-page: 2373
  year: 1998
  ident: 1027_CR34
  publication-title: J Bacteriol
  doi: 10.1128/JB.180.9.2373-2378.1998
  contributor:
    fullname: HR Braig
– volume: 35
  start-page: 151
  year: 1984
  ident: 1027_CR66
  publication-title: Trop Med Parasitol
  contributor:
    fullname: EAR Ibrahim
– volume: 14
  start-page: 265
  year: 1924
  ident: 1027_CR39
  publication-title: Bull Entomol Res
  doi: 10.1017/S0007485300028352
  contributor:
    fullname: L Lloyd
– volume: 95
  start-page: 186
  issue: 3
  year: 2005
  ident: 1027_CR40
  publication-title: Parasitol Res
  doi: 10.1007/s00436-004-1267-5
  contributor:
    fullname: ZK Njiru
– volume: 121
  start-page: 129
  year: 2012
  ident: 1027_CR17
  publication-title: Acta Trop
  doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.10.015
  contributor:
    fullname: AR Chavshin
– volume: 8
  start-page: 243
  year: 1999
  ident: 1027_CR27
  publication-title: Insect Biochem Mol Biol
  doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2583.1999.820243.x
  contributor:
    fullname: M Turelli
– volume: 3
  start-page: 210
  issue: 2
  year: 2007
  ident: 1027_CR46
  publication-title: Biol Lett
  doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0590
  contributor:
    fullname: L Mouton
SSID ssj0060956
Score 2.2509239
Snippet BACKGROUND: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia...
Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and Sodalis...
Background Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and...
Doc number: 232 Abstract Background: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia , Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis...
BACKGROUNDTsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia and...
Background: Tsetse flies harbor at least three bacterial symbionts: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius. Wigglesworthia...
SourceID pubmedcentral
biomedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
pubmed
fao
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 232
SubjectTerms age structure
Analysis
Animals
coastal forests
Coinfection - microbiology
Coinfection - parasitology
Coinfection - veterinary
Development and progression
endosymbionts
Enterobacteriaceae - genetics
Enterobacteriaceae - isolation & purification
Enterobacteriaceae - physiology
environmental factors
Female
females
Glossina austeni
Glossina pallidipes
Health aspects
Infections
Insect Vectors - microbiology
Insect Vectors - parasitology
Insect Vectors - physiology
internal transcribed spacers
longevity
Male
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Methods
midgut
mixed infection
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
polymerase chain reaction
Rain
Risk factors
Sodalis
Sodalis glossinidius
Symbiosis
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma - genetics
Trypanosoma - isolation & purification
Trypanosoma - physiology
Trypanosomiasis
Tsetse Flies - microbiology
Tsetse Flies - parasitology
Tsetse Flies - physiology
Tsetse-flies
Viral infections
Wigglesworthia glossinidia
Wolbachia
Wolbachia - genetics
Wolbachia - isolation & purification
Wolbachia - physiology
Wolbachia pipientis
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: PubMed Central
  dbid: RPM
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1baxQxFA7dguCLeO9olSiCPpjuXDMRn0qxVqEirovFl5BrOzDNDJ3tg__ek-zM0FDwwdfNScjm3L4MJ99B6I1OFWS1QhMNYJiUkkrCCp2RyrJcyiKrTGg2cfqNnqzLr2fV2Q6qprcwoWhfyebAtZcHrrkItZX9pVpOdWLL76dHRQ24oyyXC7QAA52u6Nvw6wnU6MjhkzG6hPRICVzaK0IJoAdP_guQoKSeeS964t5GmWlhRXc7St9IU3EJ5Y2cdHwf3RvBJD7cbvoB2jHuIbrzuwufyh-h4VfXSl8sKd7jVac91SEWTuPN1R-IAd0Au8KqI1M9lhtw43Bg-oRF-7mz14A7iz-3sOfGCex5goxrwkLzj71o20Y3vRkeo_Xxp59HJ2RsskAkuN6GmA-pKqkwBQUH1ACXpLYSYESqlKpzq1ObaqMlwCxRF9IaCfiFVZUspC4Mpbp4gnZd58wewrXJqcyqWtbUlEYJwWBZ0HhqMwZL2AR9jA6c91tCDe4pruMR8DbuNce95jjloLkEvZvUM08MNxhGb4vugfq4OIc4yder3H_VAawDSLhK0GuvU-6pL5yvrTmHYxv4l9UPflgV_t0tYzRBb0ch28F2lBifKsDf9GxZkeR-JAm-qeLhyXT4GBsGHjjufJcBlqBX87Cf6evdnOmugwzgcric_1MGDNn3V0wT9HRrjfPBTDaeoDqy0-jI4xFwtsAuPjrXs_-e-RzdzUPPEE99vo92N1fX5gUgt418GTz1LyuTRQM
  priority: 500
  providerName: National Library of Medicine
– databaseName: Health Medical collection
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELZoERIXxLuBggxCggNW83SMOKAKUQoSHFhWrLhYdmy3kSI7NNsD_54ZbzZsVKnXzMRyZuzxZ2f8DSGvTNrAqlYYZgAMs1JzzURhMlY5kWtdZJWNxSa-feeny_LrqlqNB27DmFa5jYkxUJvQ4Bn5UWQGQ2528aH_w7BqFP5dHUto7JGbWZ5yTOmqV9OGC7nU-Ejnkwl-BCslZ7B_rxhneaw3snvFvZutTHtOhatRemeZmqdQ7qxJJ3fJnRFM0uON9--RG9bfJ7d-h3hU_oCsf4VOY7Kkom_pIhjkOqTKG7q--AtBIAzQLdoEtk3I8gNtPY1Un9BqP5X2Gmhw9HMHnW69okgUZH0bG5oe9qrrWtP2dnhIlieffn48ZWOVBaZh7q2ZfZc2JVe24DADDeAlbZwGHJE2TVPnzqQuNdZowFmqLrSzGgCMqCpdaFNYzk3xiOz74O0BobXNuc6qWtfclrZRSkCz4PLUZQKacAl5P7O47DeMGhI5rucScL1Ef0n0l-QS_JWQN1v_TC_GLYzgV1UPwH9SnUGglMtFjsc6AHYAClcJeYlOlch94TG55gzMNsgvix_yuCrw4q0QPCGvRyUXoDuNGu8qwGciXdZM83CmCZOzmYu3Y0eOwWGQ_4dyQl5MYnwTE968DZdRB4A57M6v1QFwiwUW04Q83gzHyTA5iEouwBL1bKDOTD6X-PY80osXNTRZlk-u7_pTcjuPlUGQ4PyQ7K8vLu0zwGdr_TxOwn9hvTw5
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Journals: Open Access
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwjV1baxQxFA62IvhSrLeOVoki6IOxs5OZTESKFLFWQR9cF4svIZkk7cCQrDtbsP_ek-zs2NgiPs7kJGTPJfkye_IdhJ7pvIFdjWqiAQyTUjFFONUTUlleKEUnlYnFJj5_YUez8tNxdfynHNCgwP7Ko12oJzVbdK9-_Tx_CwG_HwOesz3YARmBc3lFGAGAsIGuFyU8hjy-cvxLIRCrsYHb54pOf91375JtasNKf3nJvrBnpfmUFzaow1toa0CW-GDlCtvomnG30Y0fPn43v4P6775TIXNSvsRTrwPvIZZO4-XiHBYE38OscOPJOjnL9bh1ONJ-wqDzscxXj73FHzqYc-skDqRBxrVxoPHlXHZdq9u56e-i2eH7b--OyFBxgSiIwyUxr_OmZNJQBtGoATspbRVgirxpmrqwOre5NloB5pI1VdYoADO8qhRVmhrGNL2HNp13Zgfh2hRMTapa1cyUppGSw7Bg_txOOAxhM_QmUbiYr9g1ROC7Tlsg9EQwlwjmEkyAuTL0Ym2esWM8znB2WXQHzCfkCSyaYjYtwiceAD4Ai6sMPQ02FYEHw4VEmxNQWy8-Tr-Kg4qGS7icsww9H4Ssh-k0cri3AD8zUGclkruJJARqkzavXUes_VxEwrtQcoBn6MnYHHqG5Ddn_FmUAZAOJ_V_ygDQDcUW8wzdX3njqJgCmkrGQRN14qeJytMW155GqnFaw5Bl-eA_5vYQ3SxiqZDAeL6LNpeLM_MIANtSPY6B-Bt5_0Bh
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Wolbachia, Sodalis and trypanosome co-infections in natural populations of Glossina austeni and Glossina pallidipes
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23924682
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1428387458
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1427742118
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1439235190
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-232
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3751944
Volume 6
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELfoJiReEN8LjMggJHjAIp-OEU8d2hiVNqGVimovlh3bI1JkV0v3wH_P2U3KsiFeeGml-nJyfT7fz875dwi9UUkNUS1XRAEYJoWkkrBcpaQ0LJMyT0sdik2cnNLjRTFblss_ZNE33uCnjH6A-EYJ7LpLQgmE_wnazTyjit-YH5wPi66nTQsXiQbhnsXnLwpu3GxvRwFpYoS7vThfi07jzMlroejoAbrfY0g83Rj9Ibqj7SN099yFE_LHqPvhWulzJMV7PHfKMxxiYRVeX_4C13cd9ArXjgxpWLbDjcWB4BOUrrYFvTrsDP7SQp8bK7CnB9K2CYq2P65E2zaqWenuCVocHX7_fEz62gpEgsetif6Y1AUVOqfgdwpQklRGAnpI6rquMqMSkyitJKArUeXSaAmwhZWlzKXKNaUqf4p2rLN6D-FKZ1SmZSUrqgtdC8FALRg6MSkDFSZCn0YDzlcbHg3uma3HLeBk3JuLe3NxysFcEXo3mGf7YNi4MHpbdA_Mx8UFLI98Mc_8YQ5AHADAZYRee5tyz3hhfUrNBQxbx7_Oz_i0zP11W8ZohN72QsZBd2rR31CAv-lJskaS-yNJcMl63DxMHd4vCR0P1Ha-uACL0Ktts3_Sp7lZ7a6CDMBx2JP_UwYgrS-rmETo2WY2bgcmg6aCMhiJajRPR0M-brHNz0Aqnlegsiie_5exXqB7WSgX4lnP99HO-vJKvwTQtpYxmlTLKka70-lsPoPvg8PTb2dxOAKBz5OCxcGh43De9hs-g0WY
link.rule.ids 108,230,315,730,783,787,867,888,2228,12068,21400,24330,24949,27936,27937,31731,31732,33756,33757,43322,43817,53804,53806,76140,76141
linkProvider BioMedCentral
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELZoEYIL4t2UAgYhwQGr2TwcIw6oQpQttD2wXbHiYtmxUyKt7LRJD_x7ZrzZsFGlXjMTy5mxx5-d8TeEvDVxCataapgBMMwyzTUTqZmwvBKJ1ukkt6HYxMkpn86z74t80R-4tX1a5TomhkBtfIln5PuBGQy52cXn5oJh1Sj8u9qX0Ngit5GHCysYFIthw4Vcaryn85kIvg8rJWewf88ZZ0moN7J5xX05Wpm2KuWvR-mNZWqcQrmxJh0-IPd7MEkPVt5_SG5Z94jc-e3DUflj0v3yS43Jkop-oDNvkOuQKmdod_kXgoBvoVu09GydkOVaWjsaqD6h1WYo7dVSX9FvS-h07RRFoiDr6tDQ8LBRy2Vt6sa2T8j88OvZlynrqywwDXOvY_ZjXGZc2ZTDDDSAl7SpNOCIuCzLIqlMXMXGGg04SxWprqwGACPyXKfapJZzkz4l2847u0NoYROuJ3mhC24zWyoloFlweVxNBDRRReTTyOKyWTFqSOS4HkvA9RL9JdFfkkvwV0Ter_0zvBi2MIJfV90B_0l1DoFSzmcJHusA2AEonEfkDTpVIveFw-SaczBbK49mP-VBnuLFWyF4RN71SpWH7pSqv6sAn4l0WSPNvZEmTM5yLF6PHdkHh1b-H8oReT2I8U1MeHPWXwUdAOawO79RB8AtFliMI_JsNRwHwyQgyrgASxSjgToy-Vji6j-BXjwtoMks272566_I3enZybE8Pjr98ZzcS0KVECQ73yPb3eWVfQFYrdMvw4T8B0txPyA
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwELZoEYgL4t1AAYOQ4IBpNg_HiFN5LC2PCnVZUfVi2bFdIiInarZI_HtmvNloQxEXbqv1ZJT1jMefvTPfEPLExCXsaqlhBsAwyzTXTKRmwnInEq3TSW5Ds4nPB3xvnn04yo_68mishUHCa_zbtPsZLq27F-tV6HUI3fCh_LHTGrdc8YLvwBbIGRzMc8YZIIQNchEO5xk2cjh8fbyKy8isFmqNVsI90c9fFPxR_F6P9qwNp5rz8XttAxsnV67tVtNr5GoPM-nu0i-ukwvW3yCXjptwiX6TdN-aWmMapXpOZ41BEkSqvKGL018QHZoO3oqWDVtlavmOVp4GDlBQ2g49vzraOPq-hneuvKLIIGR9FRQNX7aqritTtba7RebTd1_f7LG-_QLTsCgXzL6My4wrm3JYmgaAlDZOA8CIy7IsEmdiFxtrNAAwVaTaWQ3IRuS5TrVJLecmvU02fePtFqGFTbie5IUuuM1sqZQAteALsZsIUOEi8mo04bJdUm1IJL8ej4AHSDSXRHNJLsFcEXm2Ms_wYDjbCH5edAvMJ9UJRFA5nyV43wMoCDByHpHHaFOJpBges25OYNo6uT87lLt5ihW5QvCIPO2FXIN-qPoiBviZyKM1ktweScKqLcfDK9eRfdToZGC_w_4DIiKPhmF8EjPhvG3Oggwgdji2_1MGUC92XowjcmfpjcPEJDCUcQEzUYz8dDTl4xFffQ-842kBKrPs7n8Z6yG5_OXtVH7aP_h4j1xJQnMR5EjfJpuL0zN7HyDeQj8IK_c3nIZPfQ
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Wolbachia%2C+Sodalis+and+trypanosome+co-infections+in+natural+populations+of+Glossina+austeni+and+Glossina+pallidipes&rft.jtitle=Parasites+%26+vectors&rft.au=Wamwiri%2C+Florence+N&rft.au=Alam%2C+Uzma&rft.au=Thande%2C+Paul+C&rft.au=Aksoy%2C+Emre&rft.date=2013-08-08&rft.eissn=1756-3305&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=232&rft.epage=232&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1756-3305-6-232&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1756-3305&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1756-3305&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1756-3305&client=summon