A pilot study of the use of EEG-based synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) for treatment of Major Depression
Background Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject’s individual alpha frequency (synchr...
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| Published in | BMC psychiatry Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 13 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
BioMed Central
18.01.2014
BioMed Central Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 1471-244X 1471-244X |
| DOI | 10.1186/1471-244X-14-13 |
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| Abstract | Background
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject’s individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject’s scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study.
Method
Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject’s alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks.
Results
Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported.
Conclusions
These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study.BACKGROUNDRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study.Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks.METHODFifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks.Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported.RESULTSSubjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported.These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD.CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study. Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported. These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study. Method: Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Results: Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported. Conclusions: These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. Background Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject’s individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject’s scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study. Method Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject’s alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Results Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported. Conclusions These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. Background Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study. Method Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Results Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported. Conclusions These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. Keywords: sTMS, MDD, rTMS, NEST, IAF, Depression Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study. Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported. These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. Doc number: 13 Abstract Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal high-energy pulses of electromagnetic stimulation. We postulated that delivery of rTMS at the subject's individual alpha frequency (synchronized TMS, or sTMS) would achieve efficacy with lower energy of stimulation. We developed a device that rotates neodymium cylindrical magnets at three locations along the midline above the subject's scalp to impart low-energy, sinusoidal-waveform magnetic brain stimulation over a broad area, and performed this efficacy study. Method: Fifty-two subjects with MDD were enrolled in a randomized, sham controlled, double-blind treatment study (Trial Registration: NCT01683019). Forty-six subjects were included in the final analysis. Most subjects received concurrent antidepressant medications that remained unchanged during the study. Subjects were randomized to three treatment groups: 1) active sTMS with a fixed frequency at the subject's alpha frequency; 2) active sTMS with a random stimulus frequency that varied between 8 Hz and 13 Hz; and, 3) sham sTMS. 20 half-hour sTMS sessions were administered 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Results: Subjects with either fixed or random frequency active sTMS had statistically significantly greater percentage reduction in depression severity compared to sham (48.5% vs. 19.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). No significant difference was found between fixed and random groups (p = 0.30). No significant side effects were reported. Conclusions: These results suggest that sTMS may be an effective treatment for MDD. |
| ArticleNumber | 13 |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Phillips, Bill Jin, Yi |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 NeoSync, Inc., 4019 Westerly Pl., #201, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 NeoSync, Inc., 4019 Westerly Pl., #201, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yi surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Yi organization: NeoSync, Inc – sequence: 2 givenname: Bill surname: Phillips fullname: Phillips, Bill email: bill@neosync.com organization: NeoSync, Inc |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438321$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Jin and Phillips; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 COPYRIGHT 2014 BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Jin and Phillips; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Copyright © 2014 Jin and Phillips; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Jin and Phillips; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. |
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| References_xml | – volume: 21 start-page: 1176 issue: 14 year: 2011 end-page: 1185 ident: CR4 article-title: Rhythmic TMS causes local entrainment of natural oscillatory signatures publication-title: Curr Biol doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.049 – volume: 29 start-page: 603 issue: 5 year: 2008 end-page: 612 ident: CR6 article-title: Modulation of cortical oscillatory activity during transcranial magnetic stimulation publication-title: Hum Brain Mapp doi: 10.1002/hbm.20423 – volume: 67 start-page: 507 issue: 5 year: 2010 end-page: 516 ident: CR3 article-title: Daily left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy for major depressive disorder: a sham-controlled randomized trial publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.46 – volume: 16 start-page: 61 issue: 1 year: 2012 end-page: 71 ident: CR1 article-title: Neural circuits underlying the pathophysiology of mood disorders publication-title: Trends Cogn Sci doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.011 – volume: 62 start-page: 1208 issue: 11 year: 2007 end-page: 1216 ident: CR2 article-title: Efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the acute treatment of major depression: a multisite randomized controlled trial publication-title: Biol Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018 – volume: 29 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2008 end-page: 13 ident: CR5 article-title: Acute modulation of cortical oscillatory activities during short trains of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex: a combined EEG and TMS study publication-title: Hum Brain Mapp doi: 10.1002/hbm.20371 – volume: 7 start-page: 1 issue: 37 year: 2013 end-page: 12 ident: CR10 article-title: The relationship between brain oscillatory activity and therapeutic effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder publication-title: Front Hum Neurosci – volume: 86 start-page: 1983 issue: 4 year: 2001 end-page: 1990 ident: CR8 article-title: Synchronization of neuronal activity in the human primary motor cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation: an EEG study publication-title: J Neurophysiol – volume: 23 start-page: 56 year: 1960 end-page: 62 ident: CR11 article-title: “A rating scale for depression,” publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry doi: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 – volume: 17 start-page: 1129 issue: 5 year: 2003 end-page: 1133 ident: CR7 article-title: Enhancing cognitive performance with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at human individual alpha frequency publication-title: Eur J Neurosci doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02517.x – volume: 48 start-page: 1381 issue: 10 year: 2011 end-page: 1389 ident: CR9 article-title: Alpha-generation as basic response-signature to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting the human resting motor cortex: a TMS/EEG co-registration study publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01218.x – volume: 21 start-page: 1176 issue: 14 year: 2011 ident: 1530_CR4 publication-title: Curr Biol doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.05.049 – volume: 29 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2008 ident: 1530_CR5 publication-title: Hum Brain Mapp doi: 10.1002/hbm.20371 – volume: 23 start-page: 56 year: 1960 ident: 1530_CR11 publication-title: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry doi: 10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 – volume: 67 start-page: 507 issue: 5 year: 2010 ident: 1530_CR3 publication-title: Arch Gen Psychiatry doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.46 – volume: 86 start-page: 1983 issue: 4 year: 2001 ident: 1530_CR8 publication-title: J Neurophysiol doi: 10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.1983 – volume: 62 start-page: 1208 issue: 11 year: 2007 ident: 1530_CR2 publication-title: Biol Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.018 – volume: 29 start-page: 603 issue: 5 year: 2008 ident: 1530_CR6 publication-title: Hum Brain Mapp doi: 10.1002/hbm.20423 – volume: 48 start-page: 1381 issue: 10 year: 2011 ident: 1530_CR9 publication-title: Psychophysiology doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01218.x – volume: 7 start-page: 1 issue: 37 year: 2013 ident: 1530_CR10 publication-title: Front Hum Neurosci – volume: 17 start-page: 1129 issue: 5 year: 2003 ident: 1530_CR7 publication-title: Eur J Neurosci doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02517.x – volume: 16 start-page: 61 issue: 1 year: 2012 ident: 1530_CR1 publication-title: Trends Cogn Sci doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.011 |
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Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of... Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of focal... Background Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of... Doc number: 13 Abstract Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is... Background: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of... BACKGROUND: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and is based upon delivery of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Analysis Antidepressants Antidepressive Agents - therapeutic use Brain research Care and treatment Clinical trials Depressive Disorder, Major - drug therapy Depressive Disorder, Major - therapy Diagnosis Double-Blind Method Drug therapy Electroencephalography Female Humans Major depressive disorder Male Medical equipment Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Mood disorders Neurosciences Patient outcomes Pilot Projects Psychiatry Psychotherapy Research Article Studies Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation - methods Treatment Outcome Variance analysis Young Adult |
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| Title | A pilot study of the use of EEG-based synchronized Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (sTMS) for treatment of Major Depression |
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