The effect of smoking on DNA methylation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from African American women

• Published in: BMC genomics Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 151
• Main Authors: Dogan, Meeshanthini V, Shields, Bridget, Cutrona, Carolyn, Gao, Long, Gibbons, Frederick X, Simons, Ronald, Monick, Martha, Brody, Gene H, Tan, Kai, Beach, Steven RH, Philibert, Robert A
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 22.02.2014; BioMed Central
• Subjects: Adult; African American women; African Americans; African Americans - genetics; Algorithms; Analysis; Blood; Cardiovascular disease; Chronic illnesses; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cohort Studies; Computational Biology - methods; CpG Islands; Cytokines - blood; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Disease susceptibility; DNA; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Epigenetic inheritance; Female; Gene expression; Genetic aspects; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomes; Humans; Immune response; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Interleukins; Leukocytes, Mononuclear - metabolism; Methylation; Middle Aged; Mortality; Protein Interaction Mapping - methods; Protein Interaction Maps; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Smoking; Studies; United States > US; Iowa City Iowa
• ISSN: 1471-2164; 1471-2164
• DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-151

Regular smoking is associated with a wide variety of syndromes with prominent inflammatory components such as cancer, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Heavy regular smoking is also associated with changes in the DNA methylation of peripheral mononuclear cells. However, in younger smokers, inflammatory epigenetic findings are largely absent which suggests the inflammatory response(s) to smoking may be dose dependent. To help understand whether peripheral mononuclear cells have a role in mediating these responses in older smokers with higher cumulative smoke exposure, we examined genome-wide DNA methylation in a group of well characterized adult African American subjects informative for smoking, as well as serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) levels. In addition, complementary bioinformatic analyses were conducted to delineate possible pathways affected by long-term smoking. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis with respect to smoking status yielded 910 significant loci after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. In particular, two loci from the AHRR gene (cg05575921 and cg23576855) and one locus from the GPR15 gene (cg19859270) were identified as highly significantly differentially methylated between smokers and non-smokers. The bioinformatic analyses showed that long-term chronic smoking is associated with altered promoter DNA methylation of genes coding for proteins mapping to critical sub-networks moderating inflammation, immune function, and coagulation. We conclude that chronic regular smoking is associated with changes in peripheral mononuclear cell methylation signature which perturb inflammatory and immune function pathways and may contribute to increased vulnerability for complex illnesses with inflammatory components.