Coronary heart disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine, 1944–45

• Published in: Heart (British Cardiac Society) Vol. 84; no. 6; pp. 595 - 598
• Main Authors: Roseboom, T J, van der Meulen, J H P, Osmond, C, Barker, D J P, Ravelli, A C J, Schroeder-Tanka, J M, van Montfrans, G A, Michels, R P J, Bleker, O P
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society 01.12.2000; BMJ; BMJ Publishing Group LTD
• Subjects: Angina pectoris; Biological and medical sciences; Birth Weight; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Medicine; Cephalometry; Cohort Studies; Coronary Disease - embryology; Coronary Disease - epidemiology; Coronary heart disease; Famine; Female; fetal origins hypothesis; Gestational Age; Health risk assessment; Heart; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; maternal malnutrition; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Mortality; Netherlands - epidemiology; Placental Insufficiency - complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal exposure; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Starvation - complications; Womens health; Netherlands; Europe; Human; Prenatal; Famine; Mother; Risk factor; Cardiovascular disease; Malnutrition; Coronary heart disease
• ISSN: 1355-6037; 1468-201X
• DOI: 10.1136/heart.84.6.595

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of prenatal exposure to maternal malnutrition on coronary heart disease in people born around the time of the Dutch famine, 1944–45. DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING Community study. PATIENTS Singletons born alive between November 1943 and February 1947 for whom detailed birth records were available. DESIGN The prevalence of coronary heart disease was compared between those exposed to famine in late gestation (n = 120), in mid-gestation (n = 108), or in early gestation (n = 68), and those born in the year before the famine or those conceived in the year after the famine (non-exposed subjects, n = 440). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of coronary heart disease, defined as the presence of angina pectoris according to the Rose questionnaire, Q waves on the ECG, or a history of coronary revascularisation. RESULTS The prevalence of coronary heart disease was higher in those exposed in early gestation than in non-exposed people (8.8% v 3.2%; odds ratio adjusted for sex 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 8.1). The prevalence was not increased in those exposed in mid gestation (0.9%) or late gestation (2.5%). People with coronary heart disease tended to have lower birth weights (3215 g v 3352 g, p = 0.13), and smaller head circumferences at birth (32.2 cmv 32.8 cm, p = 0.05), but the effect of exposure to famine in early gestation was independent of birth weight (adjusted odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 8.8). CONCLUSIONS Although the numbers are very small, this is the first evidence suggesting that maternal malnutrition during early gestation contributes to the occurrence of coronary heart disease in the offspring.