Risk factors for methamphetamine use in youth: a systematic review
Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are asso...
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Published in | BMC pediatrics Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 48 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
BioMed Central Ltd
28.10.2008
BioMed Central BMC |
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Abstract | Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with MA use among youth.More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. We included studies that compared children and adolescents (< or = 18 years) who used MA to those who did not. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous risk factors, mean difference and 95% CI were calculated and when appropriate, a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Results were presented separately by comparison group: low-risk (no previous drug abuse) and high-risk children (reported previous drug abuse or were recruited from a juvenile detention center).
Twelve studies were included. Among low-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: history of heroin/opiate use (OR = 29.3; 95% CI: 9.8-87.8), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), risky sexual behavior (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.46) and some psychiatric disorders. History of alcohol use and smoking were also significantly associated with MA use. Among high-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: family history of crime (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.3), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), family history of alcohol abuse (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-5.6), and psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.6-12.9). Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use.
Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. |
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AbstractList | Abstract
Background
Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with MA use among youth.
More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. We included studies that compared children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) who used MA to those who did not. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous risk factors, mean difference and 95% CI were calculated and when appropriate, a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Results were presented separately by comparison group: low-risk (no previous drug abuse) and high-risk children (reported previous drug abuse or were recruited from a juvenile detention center).
Results
Twelve studies were included. Among low-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: history of heroin/opiate use (OR = 29.3; 95% CI: 9.8–87.8), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8–7.9), risky sexual behavior (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.46) and some psychiatric disorders. History of alcohol use and smoking were also significantly associated with MA use. Among high-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: family history of crime (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8–7.9), family history of alcohol abuse (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8–5.6), and psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.6–12.9). Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use.
Conclusion
Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with MA use among youth. More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. We included studies that compared children and adolescents ( less than or equal to 18 years) who used MA to those who did not. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous risk factors, mean difference and 95% CI were calculated and when appropriate, a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Results were presented separately by comparison group: low-risk (no previous drug abuse) and high-risk children (reported previous drug abuse or were recruited from a juvenile detention center). Results Twelve studies were included. Among low-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: history of heroin/opiate use (OR = 29.3; 95% CI: 9.8-87.8), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), risky sexual behavior (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.46) and some psychiatric disorders. History of alcohol use and smoking were also significantly associated with MA use. Among high-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: family history of crime (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.3), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), family history of alcohol abuse (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-5.6), and psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.6-12.9). Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use. Conclusion Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. Abstract Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with MA use among youth. More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. We included studies that compared children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) who used MA to those who did not. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous risk factors, mean difference and 95% CI were calculated and when appropriate, a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Results were presented separately by comparison group: low-risk (no previous drug abuse) and high-risk children (reported previous drug abuse or were recruited from a juvenile detention center). Results Twelve studies were included. Among low-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: history of heroin/opiate use (OR = 29.3; 95% CI: 9.8–87.8), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8–7.9), risky sexual behavior (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.46) and some psychiatric disorders. History of alcohol use and smoking were also significantly associated with MA use. Among high-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: family history of crime (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2–3.3), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8–7.9), family history of alcohol abuse (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8–5.6), and psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.6–12.9). Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use. Conclusion Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with MA use among youth.More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. We included studies that compared children and adolescents (< or = 18 years) who used MA to those who did not. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous risk factors, mean difference and 95% CI were calculated and when appropriate, a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Results were presented separately by comparison group: low-risk (no previous drug abuse) and high-risk children (reported previous drug abuse or were recruited from a juvenile detention center). Twelve studies were included. Among low-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: history of heroin/opiate use (OR = 29.3; 95% CI: 9.8-87.8), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), risky sexual behavior (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.46) and some psychiatric disorders. History of alcohol use and smoking were also significantly associated with MA use. Among high-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: family history of crime (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.3), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), family history of alcohol abuse (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-5.6), and psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.6-12.9). Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use. Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased acute and chronic toxicities. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature on risk factors that are associated with MA use among youth.More than 40 electronic databases, websites, and key journals/meeting abstracts were searched. We included studies that compared children and adolescents (≤ 18 years) who used MA to those who did not. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. For discrete risk factors, odds ratios (OR) were calculated and when appropriate, a pooled OR with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) was calculated. For continuous risk factors, mean difference and 95% CI were calculated and when appropriate, a weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Results were presented separately by comparison group: low-risk (no previous drug abuse) and high-risk children (reported previous drug abuse or were recruited from a juvenile detention center). RESULTS: Twelve studies were included. Among low-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: history of heroin/opiate use (OR = 29.3; 95% CI: 9.8-87.8), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), risky sexual behavior (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 2.25, 3.46) and some psychiatric disorders. History of alcohol use and smoking were also significantly associated with MA use. Among high-risk youth, factors associated with MA use were: family history of crime (OR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.2-3.3), family history of drug use (OR = 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8-7.9), family history of alcohol abuse (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.8-5.6), and psychiatric treatment (OR = 6.8; 95% CI: 3.6-12.9). Female sex was also significantly associated with MA use. CONCLUSION: Among low-risk youth, a history of engaging in a variety of risky behaviors was significantly associated with MA use. A history of a psychiatric disorder was a risk factor for MA for both low- and high-risk youth. Family environment was also associated with MA use. Many of the included studies were cross-sectional making it difficult to assess causation. Future research should utilize prospective study designs so that temporal relationships between risk factors and MA use can be established. |
ArticleNumber | 48 |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Durec, Tamara Russell, Kelly Wild, T Cameron Liang, Yuanyuan Friesen, Carol O'Gorman, Kathleen Klassen, Terry P Dryden, Donna M |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Aberhart Centre, Room 8213, 11408 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2J3, CANADA 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 2 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Aberhart Centre, Room 8213, 11408 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2J3, CANADA – name: 2 School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada – name: 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Kelly surname: Russell fullname: Russell, Kelly email: krussell@ualberta.ca organization: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. krussell@ualberta.ca – sequence: 2 givenname: Donna M surname: Dryden fullname: Dryden, Donna M – sequence: 3 givenname: Yuanyuan surname: Liang fullname: Liang, Yuanyuan – sequence: 4 givenname: Carol surname: Friesen fullname: Friesen, Carol – sequence: 5 givenname: Kathleen surname: O'Gorman fullname: O'Gorman, Kathleen – sequence: 6 givenname: Tamara surname: Durec fullname: Durec, Tamara – sequence: 7 givenname: T Cameron surname: Wild fullname: Wild, T Cameron – sequence: 8 givenname: Terry P surname: Klassen fullname: Klassen, Terry P |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18957076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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References_xml | – volume-title: Methamphetamines in Alberta: a focus on children, youth, and families [Web Page] year: 2005 ident: 225_CR15 contributor: fullname: L Parks – volume: 10 start-page: 33 issue: 1 year: 2000 ident: 225_CR29 publication-title: J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse doi: 10.1300/J029v10n01_03 contributor: fullname: ER Oetting – volume: 60 start-page: 352 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 225_CR34 publication-title: Psychiatry Clin Neurosci doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01513.x contributor: fullname: H Miura – volume: 15 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2005 ident: 225_CR32 publication-title: J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse doi: 10.1300/J029v15n01_01 contributor: fullname: AM Shillington – volume-title: K Division Methamphetamine Strategy [Web Page] year: 2005 ident: 225_CR14 contributor: fullname: Royal Canadian Mounted Police – volume: 97 start-page: 801 issue: 7 year: 2002 ident: 225_CR26 publication-title: Addiction doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00131.x contributor: fullname: MV Sattah – volume: 12 start-page: 143 year: 2000 ident: 225_CR9 publication-title: J Addict Nurs doi: 10.3109/10884600009041773 contributor: fullname: JN Wray – volume: 7 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2006 ident: 225_CR18 publication-title: CAMH Population Studies EBulletin contributor: fullname: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health – start-page: 1 volume-title: Western Canadian Summit on methamphetamine: bringing together practitioners, policy makers and researchers: consensus panel report year: 2005 ident: 225_CR4 contributor: fullname: D Saul – volume: 327 start-page: 557 year: 2003 ident: 225_CR22 publication-title: BMJ doi: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 contributor: fullname: JPT Higgins – volume: 47 start-page: 215 issue: 3 year: 2006 ident: 225_CR25 publication-title: Compr Psychiatry doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.07.006 contributor: fullname: CF Yen – volume-title: Substance abuse among Manitoba high school students year: 2001 ident: 225_CR17 contributor: fullname: D Patton – volume: 2 start-page: 137 issue: 2 year: 2000 ident: 225_CR11 publication-title: J Psychoactive Drugs doi: 10.1080/02791072.2000.10400221 contributor: fullname: MD Anglin – volume: 158 start-page: 377 issue: 3 year: 2001 ident: 225_CR12 publication-title: Am J Psychiatry doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.377 contributor: fullname: ND Volkow – volume: 48 start-page: 22 issue: 1 year: 2006 ident: 225_CR28 publication-title: BCMJ contributor: fullname: T Lampinen – volume: 12 start-page: 69 issue: 4 year: 2003 ident: 225_CR33 publication-title: J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse doi: 10.1300/J029v12n04_05 contributor: fullname: AM Shillington – volume: 75 start-page: 406 issue: 6 year: 2005 ident: 225_CR7 publication-title: Prog Neurobiol doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003 contributor: fullname: D Sulzer – volume: 32 start-page: 425 year: 2004 ident: 225_CR10 publication-title: Contemporary Drug Problems doi: 10.1177/009145090403100303 contributor: fullname: S Slavin – volume: 52 start-page: 377 issue: 6 year: 1998 ident: 225_CR19 publication-title: J Epidemiol Community Health doi: 10.1136/jech.52.6.377 contributor: fullname: SH Downs – volume: 170 start-page: 214 issue: 4 year: 1999 ident: 225_CR1 publication-title: West J Med contributor: fullname: TE Albertson – volume: 20 start-page: 160 issue: 4 year: 2004 ident: 225_CR24 publication-title: Kaohsiung J Med Sci doi: 10.1016/S1607-551X(09)70101-9 contributor: fullname: CF Yen – volume: 53 start-page: 70 issue: 1 year: 2002 ident: 225_CR30 publication-title: Psychiatr Serv doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.53.1.70 contributor: fullname: JY Kim – volume: 7 start-page: 177 issue: 3 year: 1986 ident: 225_CR20 publication-title: Control Clin Trials doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 contributor: fullname: R DerSimonian – ident: 225_CR8 – volume: 2 start-page: 34 issue: 1 year: 1995 ident: 225_CR35 publication-title: International Medical Journal contributor: fullname: C Uchida – volume-title: NIDA Research Report Series: Methamphetamine abuse and addiction year: 2002 ident: 225_CR2 contributor: fullname: National Institute on Drug Abuse – ident: 225_CR37 – volume-title: Methamphetamine use, abuse, and dependence:2002, 2003, and 2004. 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Snippet | Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with increased... Abstract Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile... Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated with... BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile associated... Abstract Background Methamphetamine (MA) is a potent stimulant that is readily available. Its effects are similar to cocaine, but the drug has a profile... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Alberta - epidemiology Central Nervous System Stimulants - adverse effects Child Child psychopathology Complications and side effects Dosage and administration Humans Incidence Methamphetamine Methamphetamine - adverse effects Risk Assessment Risk Factors Substance-Related Disorders - epidemiology |
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Title | Risk factors for methamphetamine use in youth: a systematic review |
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