Analysis of 10 km swimming performance of elite male and female open-water swimmers

This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions ( i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and th...

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Published inSpringerPlus Vol. 2; no. 1; p. 603
Main Authors Vogt, Pascale, Rüst, Christoph Alexander, Rosemann, Thomas, Lepers, Romuald, Knechtle, Beat
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Cham Springer International Publishing 01.01.2013
Springer Nature B.V
BioMed Central Ltd
SpringerOpen
Subjects
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Genetics
Humanities and Social Sciences
Life Sciences
multidisciplinary
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Ultra-distance
Elite swimmer
Performances
Sex difference
Open-water
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Abstract This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions ( i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers ( i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35 ± 0.9 m/s) and men (1.45 ± 0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8 ± 2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34 ± 0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race ( i.e. January 2008, 1.40 ± 0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race ( i.e. October 2012, 1.50 ± 0.0 m/s) ( P  < 0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances.
AbstractList This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions (i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers (i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35±0.9 m/s) and men (1.45±0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8±2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34±0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race (i.e. January 2008, 1.40±0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race (i.e. October 2012, 1.50±0.0 m/s) (P<0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances.
This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions (i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers (i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35 ± 0.9 m/s) and men (1.45 ± 0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8 ± 2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34 ± 0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race (i.e. January 2008, 1.40 ± 0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race (i.e. October 2012, 1.50 ± 0.0 m/s) (P < 0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances.
Abstract This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions ( i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers ( i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35 ± 0.9 m/s) and men (1.45 ± 0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8 ± 2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34 ± 0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race ( i.e. January 2008, 1.40 ± 0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race ( i.e. October 2012, 1.50 ± 0.0 m/s) ( P  < 0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances.
This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions ( i.e. World Cup races, European Championships, World Championships and Olympic Games). Swimming speed and sex difference in swimming speed of the fastest and the top ten women and men per event competing at 10 km open-water races between 2008 and 2012 were analysed using single and multi-level regression analyses. A total of 2,591 swimmers ( i.e. 1,120 women and 1,471 men) finished 47 races. Swimming speed of the fastest women (1.35 ± 0.9 m/s) and men (1.45 ± 0.10 m/s) showed no changes across years. The mean sex difference in swimming speed for the fastest swimmers was 6.8 ± 2.5%. Swimming speed of the top ten female swimmers per event was 1.34 ± 0.09 m/s and remained stable across the years. The top ten male swimmers per event showed a significant decrease in swimming speed over time, even though swimming speed in the first race ( i.e. January 2008, 1.40 ± 0.0 m/s) was slower than the swimming speed in the last race ( i.e. October 2012, 1.50 ± 0.0 m/s) ( P  < 0.05). To summarize, swimming performances remained stable for the fastest elite open-water swimmers at 10 km FINA competitions between 2008 and 2012, while performances of the top ten men tended to decrease. The sex difference in swimming speed in elite ultra-swimmers (~7%) appeared smaller compared to other ultra-distance disciplines such as running. Further studies should examine how body shape and physiology of elite open-water ultra-distance swimmers influence performances.
ArticleNumber 603
Author Knechtle, Beat
Rosemann, Thomas
Lepers, Romuald
Vogt, Pascale
Rüst, Christoph Alexander
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  organization: Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich
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  givenname: Beat
  surname: Knechtle
  fullname: Knechtle, Beat
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  organization: Institute of General Practice and for Health Services Research, University of Zurich, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen, Facharzt FMH für Allgemeinmedizin, Gesundheitszentrum St. Gallen
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Issue 1
Keywords Ultra-distance
Elite swimmer
Performances
Sex difference
Open-water
Language English
License Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
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Snippet This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions ( i.e. World Cup...
This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions (i.e. World Cup...
Abstract This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions ( i.e....
This study investigated trends in performance and sex difference in swimming speed of elite open-water swimmers at FINA 10 km competitions (i.e. World Cup...
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SubjectTerms Biomedical and Life Sciences
Genetics
Humanities and Social Sciences
Life Sciences
multidisciplinary
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
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Title Analysis of 10 km swimming performance of elite male and female open-water swimmers
URI https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2193-1801-2-603
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324922
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1865253712
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1469213164
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-603
https://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00911733
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC3853191
Volume 2
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