Evaluation of the shielding initiative in Wales (EVITE Immunity): protocol for a quasiexperimental study
IntroductionShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically extremely vulnerable people identified through algorithms and screening of routine National Health Service (NHS) data were indivi...
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Published in | BMJ open Vol. 12; no. 9; p. e059813 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
British Medical Journal Publishing Group
08.09.2022
BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
Series | Protocol |
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Abstract | IntroductionShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically extremely vulnerable people identified through algorithms and screening of routine National Health Service (NHS) data were individually and strongly advised to stay at home and strictly self-isolate even from others in their household. This study will generate a logic model of the intervention and evaluate the effects and costs of shielding to inform policy development and delivery during future pandemics.Methods and analysisThis is a quasiexperimental study undertaken in Wales where records for people who were identified for shielding were already anonymously linked into integrated data systems for public health decision-making. We will: interview policy-makers to understand rationale for shielding advice to inform analysis and interpretation of results; use anonymised individual-level data to select people identified for shielding advice in March 2020 and a matched cohort, from routine electronic health data sources, to compare outcomes; survey a stratified random sample of each group about activities and quality of life at 12 months; use routine and newly collected blood data to assess immunity; interview people who were identified for shielding and their carers and NHS staff who delivered healthcare during shielding, to explore compliance and experiences; collect healthcare resource use data to calculate implementation costs and cost–consequences. Our team includes people who were shielding, who used their experience to help design and deliver this study.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the Newcastle North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 295050). We will disseminate results directly to UK government policy-makers, publish in peer-reviewed journals, present at scientific and policy conferences and share accessible summaries of results online and through public and patient networks. |
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AbstractList | INTRODUCTIONShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically extremely vulnerable people identified through algorithms and screening of routine National Health Service (NHS) data were individually and strongly advised to stay at home and strictly self-isolate even from others in their household. This study will generate a logic model of the intervention and evaluate the effects and costs of shielding to inform policy development and delivery during future pandemics.METHODS AND ANALYSISThis is a quasiexperimental study undertaken in Wales where records for people who were identified for shielding were already anonymously linked into integrated data systems for public health decision-making. We will: interview policy-makers to understand rationale for shielding advice to inform analysis and interpretation of results; use anonymised individual-level data to select people identified for shielding advice in March 2020 and a matched cohort, from routine electronic health data sources, to compare outcomes; survey a stratified random sample of each group about activities and quality of life at 12 months; use routine and newly collected blood data to assess immunity; interview people who were identified for shielding and their carers and NHS staff who delivered healthcare during shielding, to explore compliance and experiences; collect healthcare resource use data to calculate implementation costs and cost-consequences. Our team includes people who were shielding, who used their experience to help design and deliver this study.ETHICS AND DISSEMINATIONThe study has received approval from the Newcastle North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 295050). We will disseminate results directly to UK government policy-makers, publish in peer-reviewed journals, present at scientific and policy conferences and share accessible summaries of results online and through public and patient networks. Shielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically extremely vulnerable people identified through algorithms and screening of routine National Health Service (NHS) data were individually and strongly advised to stay at home and strictly self-isolate even from others in their household. This study will generate a logic model of the intervention and evaluate the effects and costs of shielding to inform policy development and delivery during future pandemics. This is a quasiexperimental study undertaken in Wales where records for people who were identified for shielding were already anonymously linked into integrated data systems for public health decision-making. We will: interview policy-makers to understand rationale for shielding advice to inform analysis and interpretation of results; use anonymised individual-level data to select people identified for shielding advice in March 2020 and a matched cohort, from routine electronic health data sources, to compare outcomes; survey a stratified random sample of each group about activities and quality of life at 12 months; use routine and newly collected blood data to assess immunity; interview people who were identified for shielding and their carers and NHS staff who delivered healthcare during shielding, to explore compliance and experiences; collect healthcare resource use data to calculate implementation costs and cost-consequences. Our team includes people who were shielding, who used their experience to help design and deliver this study. The study has received approval from the Newcastle North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 295050). We will disseminate results directly to UK government policy-makers, publish in peer-reviewed journals, present at scientific and policy conferences and share accessible summaries of results online and through public and patient networks. Introduction Shielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically extremely vulnerable people identified through algorithms and screening of routine National Health Service (NHS) data were individually and strongly advised to stay at home and strictly self-isolate even from others in their household. This study will generate a logic model of the intervention and evaluate the effects and costs of shielding to inform policy development and delivery during future pandemics.Methods and analysis This is a quasiexperimental study undertaken in Wales where records for people who were identified for shielding were already anonymously linked into integrated data systems for public health decision-making. We will: interview policy-makers to understand rationale for shielding advice to inform analysis and interpretation of results; use anonymised individual-level data to select people identified for shielding advice in March 2020 and a matched cohort, from routine electronic health data sources, to compare outcomes; survey a stratified random sample of each group about activities and quality of life at 12 months; use routine and newly collected blood data to assess immunity; interview people who were identified for shielding and their carers and NHS staff who delivered healthcare during shielding, to explore compliance and experiences; collect healthcare resource use data to calculate implementation costs and cost–consequences. Our team includes people who were shielding, who used their experience to help design and deliver this study.Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from the Newcastle North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 295050). We will disseminate results directly to UK government policy-makers, publish in peer-reviewed journals, present at scientific and policy conferences and share accessible summaries of results online and through public and patient networks. Introduction Shielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically extremely vulnerable people identified through algorithms and screening of routine National Health Service (NHS) data were individually and strongly advised to stay at home and strictly self-isolate even from others in their household. This study will generate a logic model of the intervention and evaluate the effects and costs of shielding to inform policy development and delivery during future pandemics. Methods and analysis This is a quasiexperimental study undertaken in Wales where records for people who were identified for shielding were already anonymously linked into integrated data systems for public health decision-making. We will: interview policy-makers to understand rationale for shielding advice to inform analysis and interpretation of results; use anonymised individual-level data to select people identified for shielding advice in March 2020 and a matched cohort, from routine electronic health data sources, to compare outcomes; survey a stratified random sample of each group about activities and quality of life at 12 months; use routine and newly collected blood data to assess immunity; interview people who were identified for shielding and their carers and NHS staff who delivered healthcare during shielding, to explore compliance and experiences; collect healthcare resource use data to calculate implementation costs and cost–consequences. Our team includes people who were shielding, who used their experience to help design and deliver this study. Ethics and dissemination The study has received approval from the Newcastle North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (IRAS 295050). We will disseminate results directly to UK government policy-makers, publish in peer-reviewed journals, present at scientific and policy conferences and share accessible summaries of results online and through public and patient networks. |
Author | John, Ann Lyons, Ronan Snooks, Helen Bethell, Lesley Sewell, Bernadette Evans, Bridie Angela Porter, Alison Akbari, Ashley Whiffen, Tony Bailey, Rowena Edwards, Adrian Bufton, Samantha Jolles, Stephen Kingston, Mark Rhys Thornton, Catherine A Carson-Stevens, Andrew Lyons, Jane Watkins, Alan Dixon, Lucy |
AuthorAffiliation | 5 University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK 3 Knowledge and Analytical Services , Welsh Government , Cardiff , UK 2 PRIME Centre Wales , Swansea University Medical School , Swansea , UK 4 Division of Population Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK 1 Swansea University Medical School , Swansea , UK 6 Swansea Centre for Health Economics , Swansea University , Swansea , West Glamorgan , UK |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 5 University Hospital of Wales , Cardiff , UK – name: 3 Knowledge and Analytical Services , Welsh Government , Cardiff , UK – name: 4 Division of Population Medicine , Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK – name: 6 Swansea Centre for Health Economics , Swansea University , Swansea , West Glamorgan , UK – name: 2 PRIME Centre Wales , Swansea University Medical School , Swansea , UK – name: 1 Swansea University Medical School , Swansea , UK |
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References | Kemp, Horne, Soutar (R20) 2020; 65 Gupta (R47) 2011; 2 Mahase, Evans, Akbari (R15) 2021; 373 McKeigue, McAllister, Caldwell (R23) 2021; 19 Oliver, Lorenc, Tinkler (R24) 2019; 19 Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams (R36) 2006; 166 Hume, Armstrong, Manifield (R17) 2020; 16 Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams (R35) 1999; 282 Jani, Ho, Lowe (R22) 2021; 11 Deng, Yin, Chen (R2) 2020; 24 Smith, Spiegelhalter (R16) 2020; 369 Lyons, Akbari, Torabi (R26) 2020; 10 Staniszewska, Brett, Simera (R50) 2017; 358 Gale, Heath, Cameron (R40) 2013; 13 Mills, Lawton, Sheard (R32) 2019; 19 Williamson, Walker, Bhaskaran (R4) 2020; 584 Docherty, Harrison, Green (R3) 2020; 369 Srivastava, Thomson (R41) 2009; 4 Snooks, Bailey-Jones, Burge-Jones (R25) 2019; 28 Sampson, Johannessen (R39) 2020; 20 Dowd, Andriano, Brazel (R1) 2020; 117 Cooper, Williams, Hibbert (R37) 2018; 96 Evans, Gallanders, Griffiths (R48) 2020; 5 Smith, Spiegelhalter (R5) 2020; 369 Ware, Kosinski, Keller (R34) 1996; 34 Scurr, Zelek, Lippiatt (R43) 2021 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.22 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.21 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.26 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.25 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.24 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.29 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.28 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.27 Braun (2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.44) 2012; Vol. 2 McKeigue (2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.23) 2021; 19 Kemp (2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.20) 2020; 65 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.33 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.32 Evans (2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.48) 2020; 5 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.31 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.30 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.36 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.35 Sampson (2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.39) 2020; 20 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.34 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.38 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.40 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.43 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.42 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.41 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.9 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.47 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.7 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.46 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.8 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.45 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.49 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.1 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.2 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.5 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.6 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.3 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.4 Cooper (2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.37) 2018; 96 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.50 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.11 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.10 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.15 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.14 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.13 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.12 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.19 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.18 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.17 2022122306550474000_12.9.e059813.16 |
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Snippet | IntroductionShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.... Shielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinically... Introduction Shielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19... INTRODUCTIONShielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.... Introduction Shielding aimed to protect those predicted to be at highest risk from COVID-19 and was uniquely implemented in the UK during the COVID-19... |
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SubjectTerms | Cancer Coronaviruses COVID-19 Disease transmission Electronic health records Health care expenditures Health Policy Health services Hospitals Humans Illnesses Immunity (Disease) Immunology Infections Intensive care Intervention Mental health Mortality Pandemics Patient Compliance Population Pre-existing conditions Public health Quality of Life Questionnaires Self report State Medicine Wales |
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Title | Evaluation of the shielding initiative in Wales (EVITE Immunity): protocol for a quasiexperimental study |
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