Vitamin D status: a U-shaped relationship for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers
BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals’ risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers.MethodsThe study included...
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Published in | BMJ open respiratory research Vol. 9; no. 1; p. e001258 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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England
British Thoracic Society
01.09.2022
BMJ Publishing Group LTD BMJ Publishing Group |
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Abstract | BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals’ risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers.MethodsThe study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12 May to 22 May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, age, body mass index (BMI), sex, ethnicity, job role and comorbidities. Participants were grouped into four VD categories: (1) Severe VD deficiency (VD<30 nmol/L); (2) VD deficiency (30 nmol/L ≤VD<50 nmol/L); (3) VD insufficiency (50 nmol/L ≤VD<75 nmol/L); (4) VD sufficiency (VD≥75 nmol/L).ResultsWhen VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified. This trend repeated when participants were split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and comorbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups in the total population and between groups of men and women; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group; BMI<30 (kg/m2); 0 and +1 comorbidities; the majority of which were differences when the severely VD deficient category were compared with the other groups. A larger proportion of those within the BAME group (vs white ethnicity) were severely VD deficient (p<0.00001). A larger proportion of the 0 comorbidity subgroup were VD deficient in comparison to the 1+ comorbidity subgroup (p=0.046).ConclusionsOur study has shown a U-shaped relationship for COVID-19 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers. Further investigation is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify ‘optimal’ VD levels, allowing for targeted therapeutic treatment for those at risk. |
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AbstractList | BACKGROUNDThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals' risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers. METHODSThe study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12 May to 22 May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, age, body mass index (BMI), sex, ethnicity, job role and comorbidities. Participants were grouped into four VD categories: (1) Severe VD deficiency (VD<30 nmol/L); (2) VD deficiency (30 nmol/L ≤VD<50 nmol/L); (3) VD insufficiency (50 nmol/L ≤VD<75 nmol/L); (4) VD sufficiency (VD≥75 nmol/L). RESULTSWhen VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified. This trend repeated when participants were split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and comorbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups in the total population and between groups of men and women; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group; BMI<30 (kg/m2); 0 and +1 comorbidities; the majority of which were differences when the severely VD deficient category were compared with the other groups. A larger proportion of those within the BAME group (vs white ethnicity) were severely VD deficient (p<0.00001). A larger proportion of the 0 comorbidity subgroup were VD deficient in comparison to the 1+ comorbidity subgroup (p=0.046). CONCLUSIONSOur study has shown a U-shaped relationship for COVID-19 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers. Further investigation is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify 'optimal' VD levels, allowing for targeted therapeutic treatment for those at risk. Background There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals’ risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers.Methods The study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12 May to 22 May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D3 levels, age, body mass index (BMI), sex, ethnicity, job role and comorbidities. Participants were grouped into four VD categories: (1) Severe VD deficiency (VD<30 nmol/L); (2) VD deficiency (30 nmol/L ≤VD<50 nmol/L); (3) VD insufficiency (50 nmol/L ≤VD<75 nmol/L); (4) VD sufficiency (VD≥75 nmol/L).Results When VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified. This trend repeated when participants were split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and comorbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups in the total population and between groups of men and women; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group; BMI<30 (kg/m2); 0 and +1 comorbidities; the majority of which were differences when the severely VD deficient category were compared with the other groups. A larger proportion of those within the BAME group (vs white ethnicity) were severely VD deficient (p<0.00001). A larger proportion of the 0 comorbidity subgroup were VD deficient in comparison to the 1+ comorbidity subgroup (p=0.046).Conclusions Our study has shown a U-shaped relationship for COVID-19 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers. Further investigation is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify ‘optimal’ VD levels, allowing for targeted therapeutic treatment for those at risk. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals' risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationship between VD deficiency and sufficiency and COVID-19 seropositivity within healthcare workers. The study included an observational cohort of healthcare workers who isolated due to COVID-19 symptoms from 12 May to 22 May 2020, from the University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust. Data collected included SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion status, serum 25(OH)D levels, age, body mass index (BMI), sex, ethnicity, job role and comorbidities. Participants were grouped into four VD categories: (1) Severe VD deficiency (VD<30 nmol/L); (2) VD deficiency (30 nmol/L ≤VD<50 nmol/L); (3) VD insufficiency (50 nmol/L ≤VD<75 nmol/L); (4) VD sufficiency (VD≥75 nmol/L). When VD levels were compared against COVID-19 seropositivity rate, a U-shaped curve was identified. This trend repeated when participants were split into subgroups of age, sex, ethnicity, BMI and comorbidity status. Significant difference was identified in the COVID-19 seropositivity rate between VD groups in the total population and between groups of men and women; black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) group; BMI<30 (kg/m ); 0 and +1 comorbidities; the majority of which were differences when the severely VD deficient category were compared with the other groups. A larger proportion of those within the BAME group (vs white ethnicity) were severely VD deficient (p 0.00001). A larger proportion of the 0 comorbidity subgroup were VD deficient in comparison to the 1+ comorbidity subgroup (p=0.046). Our study has shown a U-shaped relationship for COVID-19 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers. Further investigation is required to determine whether high VD levels can have a detrimental effect on susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. Future randomised clinical trials of VD supplementation could potentially identify 'optimal' VD levels, allowing for targeted therapeutic treatment for those at risk. |
Author | Duffy, Joanne E Shields, Adrian M Thickett, David R Webster, Craig Lugg, Sebastian T Scott, Aaron Faniyi, Aduragbemi A Hewison, Martin Faustini, Sian E Richter, Alex G Parekh, Dhruv Mackay, William R |
AuthorAffiliation | 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK 4 Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK 2 Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK 1 Institute of Inflammation and Ageing , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK – name: 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine , University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust , Birmingham , UK – name: 1 Institute of Inflammation and Ageing , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK – name: 4 Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sebastian T surname: Lugg fullname: Lugg, Sebastian T organization: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: William R surname: Mackay fullname: Mackay, William R organization: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Aduragbemi A surname: Faniyi fullname: Faniyi, Aduragbemi A organization: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Sian E surname: Faustini fullname: Faustini, Sian E organization: Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 5 givenname: Craig surname: Webster fullname: Webster, Craig organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 6 givenname: Joanne E surname: Duffy fullname: Duffy, Joanne E organization: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 7 givenname: Martin surname: Hewison fullname: Hewison, Martin organization: Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 8 givenname: Adrian M surname: Shields fullname: Shields, Adrian M organization: Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 9 givenname: Dhruv orcidid: 0000-0002-1508-8362 surname: Parekh fullname: Parekh, Dhruv organization: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 10 givenname: Alex G surname: Richter fullname: Richter, Alex G organization: Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 11 givenname: Aaron surname: Scott fullname: Scott, Aaron organization: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK – sequence: 12 givenname: David R surname: Thickett fullname: Thickett, David R email: d.thickett@bham.ac.uk organization: Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK |
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Cites_doi | 10.1038/s41598-021-99952-z 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206680 10.1186/s13054-014-0660-4 10.1183/13993003.04234-2020 10.1080/19381980.2016.1187349 10.3390/nu9030260 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113046 10.1183/13993003.00653-2021 10.1136/bmj.m3582 10.1080/17476348.2020.1804365 10.3390/nu7105392 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000250 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.008 10.3390/nu12051248 10.1210/jc.2013-3481 10.3389/fendo.2018.00320 10.1186/1471-2458-9-22 10.5578/tt.70027 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00051-6 10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y |
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doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00051-6 contributor: fullname: Sluyter – volume: 74 start-page: 1498 year: 2020 ident: R12 article-title: Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide publication-title: Eur J Clin Nutr doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y contributor: fullname: Hoffmann – volume: 7 start-page: 8251 year: 2015 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.1 article-title: Mechanisms underlying the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by vitamin D publication-title: Nutrients doi: 10.3390/nu7105392 contributor: fullname: Wei – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.5 doi: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1804365 – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.9 doi: 10.1136/bmj.m3582 – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.15 doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-3481 – volume: 9 start-page: 276 year: 2021 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.18 article-title: Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from 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Vitamin D-related polymorphisms and vitamin D levels as risk biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity publication-title: Sci Rep doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-99952-z contributor: fullname: Freitas – volume: 9 year: 2017 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.7 article-title: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associations with skin color in pregnant women in the first trimester in a sample from Switzerland publication-title: Nutrients doi: 10.3390/nu9030260 contributor: fullname: Richard – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.4 doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206680 – volume: 40 start-page: 3542 year: 2021 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.13 article-title: Failure of national antenatal vitamin D supplementation programme puts dark skinned infants at highest risk: a newborn bloodspot screening study publication-title: Clin Nutr doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.008 contributor: fullname: Uday – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.21 doi: 10.1183/13993003.00653-2021 – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.3 doi: 10.3390/nu12051248 – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.2 doi: 10.1186/s13054-014-0660-4 – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.12 doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y – volume: 9 year: 2018 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.19 article-title: Role of fibroblast growth factor-23 in innate immune responses publication-title: Front Endocrinol doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00320 contributor: fullname: Fitzpatrick – ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.22 doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-22 – volume: 494 year: 2021 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.11 article-title: Validation of a combined ELISA to detect IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild or moderate non-hospitalised patients publication-title: J Immunol Methods doi: 10.1016/j.jim.2021.113046 contributor: fullname: Cook – volume: 4 start-page: 149 year: 2021 ident: 2024051514132995000_9.1.e001258.17 article-title: Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 symptom study APP publication-title: BMJ Nutr Prev Health doi: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000250 contributor: fullname: Louca |
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Snippet | BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals’ risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to... There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals' risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to determine the... BACKGROUNDThere is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals' risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to... Background There is increasing evidence that vitamin D (VD) deficiency may increase individuals’ risk of COVID-19 infection and susceptibility. We aimed to... |
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SubjectTerms | Age Binding sites Body mass index Chromatography Comorbidity Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - epidemiology Demographics Ethnicity Female Health Personnel Humans Immune system Infections Male Mass spectrometry Medical personnel Minority & ethnic groups Mortality Pandemics Respiratory Infection SARS-CoV-2 Scientific imaging Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 State Medicine United Kingdom - epidemiology viral infection Vitamin D Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology |
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Title | Vitamin D status: a U-shaped relationship for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in UK healthcare workers |
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