Health and economic benefits of achieving contraceptive and maternal health targets in Small Island Developing States in the Pacific and Caribbean
IntroductionReducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of...
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Published in | BMJ global health Vol. 8; no. 2; p. e010018 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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01.02.2023
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Abstract | IntroductionReducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States.MethodsFive Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) countries were considered based on population survey data availability. For each country, the Lives Saved Tool was used to model costs, health outcomes and economic benefits for two scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) (coverage maintained) and coverage-targets-achieved, which scaled linearly from 2022 (following COVID-19 disruptions) coverage of evidence-based family planning and MH interventions to reach United Nations targets, including modern contraceptive methods and access to complete antenatal, delivery and emergency care. Unintended pregnancies, maternal deaths, stillbirths and newborn deaths averted by the coverage-targets-achieved scenario were converted to workforce, education and social economic benefits; and benefit–cost ratios were calculated.ResultsThe coverage-targets-achieved scenario required an additional US$12.6M (US$10.8M−US$15.9M) over 2020–2030 for the five Pacific countries (15% more than US$82.4M to maintain BAU). This additional investment was estimated to avert 126 000 (40%) unintended pregnancies, 2200 (28%) stillbirths and 121 (29%) maternal deaths and lead to a 15-fold economic benefit of US$190.6M (US$67.0M−US$304.5M) by 2050. For the four Caribbean countries, an additional US$17.8M (US$15.3M−US$22.4M) was needed to reach the targets (4% more than US$405.4M to maintain BAU). This was estimated to avert 127 000 (23%) unintended pregnancies, 3600 (23%) stillbirths and 221 (25%) maternal deaths and lead to a 24-fold economic benefit of US$426.2M (US$138.6M−US$745.7M) by 2050.ConclusionAchieving full coverage of contraceptive and MH services in the Pacific and Caribbean is likely to have a high return on investment. |
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AbstractList | IntroductionReducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States.MethodsFive Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) countries were considered based on population survey data availability. For each country, the Lives Saved Tool was used to model costs, health outcomes and economic benefits for two scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) (coverage maintained) and coverage-targets-achieved, which scaled linearly from 2022 (following COVID-19 disruptions) coverage of evidence-based family planning and MH interventions to reach United Nations targets, including modern contraceptive methods and access to complete antenatal, delivery and emergency care. Unintended pregnancies, maternal deaths, stillbirths and newborn deaths averted by the coverage-targets-achieved scenario were converted to workforce, education and social economic benefits; and benefit–cost ratios were calculated.ResultsThe coverage-targets-achieved scenario required an additional US$12.6M (US$10.8M−US$15.9M) over 2020–2030 for the five Pacific countries (15% more than US$82.4M to maintain BAU). This additional investment was estimated to avert 126 000 (40%) unintended pregnancies, 2200 (28%) stillbirths and 121 (29%) maternal deaths and lead to a 15-fold economic benefit of US$190.6M (US$67.0M−US$304.5M) by 2050. For the four Caribbean countries, an additional US$17.8M (US$15.3M−US$22.4M) was needed to reach the targets (4% more than US$405.4M to maintain BAU). This was estimated to avert 127 000 (23%) unintended pregnancies, 3600 (23%) stillbirths and 221 (25%) maternal deaths and lead to a 24-fold economic benefit of US$426.2M (US$138.6M−US$745.7M) by 2050.ConclusionAchieving full coverage of contraceptive and MH services in the Pacific and Caribbean is likely to have a high return on investment. Introduction Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States.Methods Five Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) countries were considered based on population survey data availability. For each country, the Lives Saved Tool was used to model costs, health outcomes and economic benefits for two scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) (coverage maintained) and coverage-targets-achieved, which scaled linearly from 2022 (following COVID-19 disruptions) coverage of evidence-based family planning and MH interventions to reach United Nations targets, including modern contraceptive methods and access to complete antenatal, delivery and emergency care. Unintended pregnancies, maternal deaths, stillbirths and newborn deaths averted by the coverage-targets-achieved scenario were converted to workforce, education and social economic benefits; and benefit–cost ratios were calculated.Results The coverage-targets-achieved scenario required an additional US$12.6M (US$10.8M−US$15.9M) over 2020–2030 for the five Pacific countries (15% more than US$82.4M to maintain BAU). This additional investment was estimated to avert 126 000 (40%) unintended pregnancies, 2200 (28%) stillbirths and 121 (29%) maternal deaths and lead to a 15-fold economic benefit of US$190.6M (US$67.0M−US$304.5M) by 2050. For the four Caribbean countries, an additional US$17.8M (US$15.3M−US$22.4M) was needed to reach the targets (4% more than US$405.4M to maintain BAU). This was estimated to avert 127 000 (23%) unintended pregnancies, 3600 (23%) stillbirths and 221 (25%) maternal deaths and lead to a 24-fold economic benefit of US$426.2M (US$138.6M−US$745.7M) by 2050.Conclusion Achieving full coverage of contraceptive and MH services in the Pacific and Caribbean is likely to have a high return on investment. Introduction Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States. Methods Five Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) countries were considered based on population survey data availability. For each country, the Lives Saved Tool was used to model costs, health outcomes and economic benefits for two scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) (coverage maintained) and coverage-targets-achieved, which scaled linearly from 2022 (following COVID-19 disruptions) coverage of evidence-based family planning and MH interventions to reach United Nations targets, including modern contraceptive methods and access to complete antenatal, delivery and emergency care. Unintended pregnancies, maternal deaths, stillbirths and newborn deaths averted by the coverage-targets-achieved scenario were converted to workforce, education and social economic benefits; and benefit–cost ratios were calculated. Results The coverage-targets-achieved scenario required an additional US$12.6M (US$10.8M−US$15.9M) over 2020–2030 for the five Pacific countries (15% more than US$82.4M to maintain BAU). This additional investment was estimated to avert 126 000 (40%) unintended pregnancies, 2200 (28%) stillbirths and 121 (29%) maternal deaths and lead to a 15-fold economic benefit of US$190.6M (US$67.0M−US$304.5M) by 2050. For the four Caribbean countries, an additional US$17.8M (US$15.3M−US$22.4M) was needed to reach the targets (4% more than US$405.4M to maintain BAU). This was estimated to avert 127 000 (23%) unintended pregnancies, 3600 (23%) stillbirths and 221 (25%) maternal deaths and lead to a 24-fold economic benefit of US$426.2M (US$138.6M−US$745.7M) by 2050. Conclusion Achieving full coverage of contraceptive and MH services in the Pacific and Caribbean is likely to have a high return on investment. INTRODUCTIONReducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women's health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States. METHODSFive Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) countries were considered based on population survey data availability. For each country, the Lives Saved Tool was used to model costs, health outcomes and economic benefits for two scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) (coverage maintained) and coverage-targets-achieved, which scaled linearly from 2022 (following COVID-19 disruptions) coverage of evidence-based family planning and MH interventions to reach United Nations targets, including modern contraceptive methods and access to complete antenatal, delivery and emergency care. Unintended pregnancies, maternal deaths, stillbirths and newborn deaths averted by the coverage-targets-achieved scenario were converted to workforce, education and social economic benefits; and benefit-cost ratios were calculated. RESULTSThe coverage-targets-achieved scenario required an additional US$12.6M (US$10.8M-US$15.9M) over 2020-2030 for the five Pacific countries (15% more than US$82.4M to maintain BAU). This additional investment was estimated to avert 126 000 (40%) unintended pregnancies, 2200 (28%) stillbirths and 121 (29%) maternal deaths and lead to a 15-fold economic benefit of US$190.6M (US$67.0M-US$304.5M) by 2050. For the four Caribbean countries, an additional US$17.8M (US$15.3M-US$22.4M) was needed to reach the targets (4% more than US$405.4M to maintain BAU). This was estimated to avert 127 000 (23%) unintended pregnancies, 3600 (23%) stillbirths and 221 (25%) maternal deaths and lead to a 24-fold economic benefit of US$426.2M (US$138.6M-US$745.7M) by 2050. CONCLUSIONAchieving full coverage of contraceptive and MH services in the Pacific and Caribbean is likely to have a high return on investment. Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women's health and economic empowerment. To support investment decisions, we estimated the additional cost and expected health and economic benefits of achieving the United Nations targets of zero unmet need for modern contraceptive choices and 95% coverage of MH services by 2030 in select Small Island Developing States. Five Pacific (Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu) and four Caribbean (Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica and Saint Lucia) countries were considered based on population survey data availability. For each country, the Lives Saved Tool was used to model costs, health outcomes and economic benefits for two scenarios: business-as-usual (BAU) (coverage maintained) and coverage-targets-achieved, which scaled linearly from 2022 (following COVID-19 disruptions) coverage of evidence-based family planning and MH interventions to reach United Nations targets, including modern contraceptive methods and access to complete antenatal, delivery and emergency care. Unintended pregnancies, maternal deaths, stillbirths and newborn deaths averted by the coverage-targets-achieved scenario were converted to workforce, education and social economic benefits; and benefit-cost ratios were calculated. The coverage-targets-achieved scenario required an additional US$12.6M (US$10.8M-US$15.9M) over 2020-2030 for the five Pacific countries (15% more than US$82.4M to maintain BAU). This additional investment was estimated to avert 126 000 (40%) unintended pregnancies, 2200 (28%) stillbirths and 121 (29%) maternal deaths and lead to a 15-fold economic benefit of US$190.6M (US$67.0M-US$304.5M) by 2050. For the four Caribbean countries, an additional US$17.8M (US$15.3M-US$22.4M) was needed to reach the targets (4% more than US$405.4M to maintain BAU). This was estimated to avert 127 000 (23%) unintended pregnancies, 3600 (23%) stillbirths and 221 (25%) maternal deaths and lead to a 24-fold economic benefit of US$426.2M (US$138.6M-US$745.7M) by 2050. Achieving full coverage of contraceptive and MH services in the Pacific and Caribbean is likely to have a high return on investment. |
Author | De Beni, Davide Richards, Andre S Adedeji, Olanike Delport, Dominic Walsh, Tom de la Corte Molina, Maria Pilar Scott, Nick Friedman, Howard S Di Marco, Doretta Martin-Hughes, Rowan Homer, Caroline SE ten Brink, Debra Butler, Jennifer Tobar, Federico Maurizio, Federica Kelly, Sherrie L |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia 2 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland 7 UNFPA Sub-regional Office for the Caribbean , Kingston , Jamaica 3 UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional Office , Suva , Fiji 4 UNFPA Asia Pacific Regional Office , Bangkok , Thailand 5 UNFPA , New York , New York , USA 6 UNFPA Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office , Panama , Panama 8 Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland – name: 6 UNFPA Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office , Panama , Panama – name: 7 UNFPA Sub-regional Office for the Caribbean , Kingston , Jamaica – name: 8 Monash University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia – name: 1 Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia – name: 5 UNFPA , New York , New York , USA – name: 3 UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional Office , Suva , Fiji – name: 4 UNFPA Asia Pacific Regional Office , Bangkok , Thailand |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sherrie L orcidid: 0000-0002-6232-5586 surname: Kelly fullname: Kelly, Sherrie L organization: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Tom surname: Walsh fullname: Walsh, Tom organization: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Dominic surname: Delport fullname: Delport, Dominic organization: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 4 givenname: Debra surname: ten Brink fullname: ten Brink, Debra organization: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 5 givenname: Rowan surname: Martin-Hughes fullname: Martin-Hughes, Rowan organization: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 6 givenname: Caroline SE orcidid: 0000-0002-7454-3011 surname: Homer fullname: Homer, Caroline SE organization: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia – sequence: 7 givenname: Jennifer surname: Butler fullname: Butler, Jennifer organization: UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional Office, Suva, Fiji – sequence: 8 givenname: Olanike surname: Adedeji fullname: Adedeji, Olanike organization: UNFPA Pacific Sub Regional Office, Suva, Fiji – sequence: 9 givenname: Davide surname: De Beni fullname: De Beni, Davide organization: UNFPA Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand – sequence: 10 givenname: Federica surname: Maurizio fullname: Maurizio, Federica organization: UNFPA Asia Pacific Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand – sequence: 11 givenname: Howard S surname: Friedman fullname: Friedman, Howard S organization: UNFPA, New York, New York, USA – sequence: 12 givenname: Doretta surname: Di Marco fullname: Di Marco, Doretta organization: UNFPA Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office, Panama, Panama – sequence: 13 givenname: Federico surname: Tobar fullname: Tobar, Federico organization: UNFPA Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office, Panama, Panama – sequence: 14 givenname: Maria Pilar surname: de la Corte Molina fullname: de la Corte Molina, Maria Pilar organization: UNFPA Sub-regional Office for the Caribbean, Kingston, Jamaica – sequence: 15 givenname: Andre S surname: Richards fullname: Richards, Andre S organization: UNFPA Sub-regional Office for the Caribbean, Kingston, Jamaica – sequence: 16 givenname: Nick orcidid: 0000-0002-9213-0798 surname: Scott fullname: Scott, Nick email: nick.scott@burnet.edu.au organization: Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
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References | Bhutta, Das, Rizvi (R23) 2013; 382 Schwalb, Armyra, Méndez-Aranda (R8) 2022; 292 Craig, Beek, Gilbert (R15) 2022; 19 Miller, Abalos, Chamillard (R24) 2016; 388 Bell, van Gemert, Merilles (R7) 2022; 25 Bhutta, Ahmed, Black (R22) 2008; 371 Britto, Lye, Proulx (R25) 2017; 389 Wilson, Spotswood, Hayman (R31) 2020; 3 Nove, Friberg, de Bernis (R32) 2021; 9 Popkin, Corvalan, Grummer-Strawn (R26) 2020; 395 Stenberg, Axelson, Sheehan (R33) 2014; 383 Jones, Steketee, Black (R21) 2003; 362 Stenberg, Hanssen, Edejer (R29) 2017; 5 Walker, Tam, Friberg (R27) 2013; 13 Cannonier, Burke (R9) 2019; 25 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.22 Cannonier (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.9) 2019; 25 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.21 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.24 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.23 Craig (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.15) 2022; 19 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.20 Walker (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.27) 2013; 13 Stenberg (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.29) 2017; 5 Popkin (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.26) 2020; 395 Schwalb (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.8) 2022; 292 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.25 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.28 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.6 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.11 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.33 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.5 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.10 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.13 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.12 Bell (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.7) 2022; 25 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.30 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.2 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.1 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.4 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.3 Nove (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.32) 2021; 9 Wilson (2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.31) 2020; 3 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.19 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.18 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.14 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.17 2024051501332256000_8.2.e010018.16 |
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Snippet | IntroductionReducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s... Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women's health and... Introduction Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s... INTRODUCTIONReducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women's... Introduction Reducing unmet need for modern contraception and expanding access to quality maternal health (MH) services are priorities for improving women’s... |
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SubjectTerms | Birth control Births Caribbean Region Child health Contraceptive Agents Coronaviruses Cost control COVID-19 Emergency medical services Empowerment Epidemiology Estimates Family planning Female GDP Gross Domestic Product Health economics Health policy Health services Humans Infant, Newborn Intervention Islands Maternal & child health Maternal Death Maternal Health Maternal mortality Original Research Pandemics Population Pregnancy Public Health Regions Reproductive health Return on investment Stillbirth Stillbirth - epidemiology Womens health |
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Title | Health and economic benefits of achieving contraceptive and maternal health targets in Small Island Developing States in the Pacific and Caribbean |
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