SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric and young adult recipients of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an international registry report

BackgroundImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies are uniquely immunosuppressed due to CAR T-mediated B-cell aplasia (BCA). While SARS-CoV-2 mortality rat...

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Published inJournal for immunotherapy of cancer Vol. 11; no. 1; p. e005957
Main Authors McNerney, Kevin Owen, Richards, Rebecca M, Aguayo-Hiraldo, Paibel, Calkoen, Friso G, Talano, Julie-An, Moskop, Amy, Balduzzi, Adriana, Krajewski, Jennifer, Dave, Hema, Vatsayan, Anant, Callahan, Colleen, Liu, Hongyan, Li, Yimei, Davis, Kara Lynn, Maude, Shannon L
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 01.01.2023
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group
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Abstract BackgroundImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies are uniquely immunosuppressed due to CAR T-mediated B-cell aplasia (BCA). While SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates of 33%–40% are reported in adult CAR T-cell recipients, outcomes in pediatric and young adult CAR T-cell recipients are limited.MethodsWe created an international retrospective registry of CAR T recipients aged 0–30 years infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 2 months prior to or any time after CAR T infusion. SARS-CoV-2-associated illness was graded as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). To assess for risk factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infections (infections requiring hospital admission for respiratory distress or supplemental oxygen), univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.ResultsNine centers contributed 78 infections in 75 patients. Of 70 SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring after CAR T infusion, 13 (18.6%) were classified as asymptomatic, 37 (52.9%) mild, 11 (15.7%) moderate, and 6 (8.6%) severe COVID-19. Three (4.3%) were classified as MIS-C. BCA was not significantly associated with infection severity. Prior to the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 47 infections, 19 (40.4%) resulted in hospital admission and 7 (14.9%) required intensive care, while after the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 23 infections, only 1 (4.3%) required admission and the remaining 22 (95.7%) had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Death occurred in 3 of 70 (4.3%); each death involved coinfection or life-threatening condition. In a multivariable model, factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infection included having two or more comorbidities (OR 7.73, CI 1.05 to 74.8, p=0.048) and age ≥18 years (OR 9.51, CI 1.90 to 82.2, p=0.014). In the eight patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before CAR T, half of these patients had their CAR T infusion delayed by 15–30 days.ConclusionsIn a large international cohort of pediatric and young adult CAR-T recipients, SARS-CoV-2 infections resulted in frequent hospital and intensive care unit admissions and were associated with mortality in 4.3%. Patients with two or more comorbidities or aged ≥18 years were more likely to experience significant illness. Suspected Omicron infections were associated with milder disease.
AbstractList BackgroundImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies are uniquely immunosuppressed due to CAR T-mediated B-cell aplasia (BCA). While SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates of 33%–40% are reported in adult CAR T-cell recipients, outcomes in pediatric and young adult CAR T-cell recipients are limited.MethodsWe created an international retrospective registry of CAR T recipients aged 0–30 years infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 2 months prior to or any time after CAR T infusion. SARS-CoV-2-associated illness was graded as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). To assess for risk factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infections (infections requiring hospital admission for respiratory distress or supplemental oxygen), univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.ResultsNine centers contributed 78 infections in 75 patients. Of 70 SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring after CAR T infusion, 13 (18.6%) were classified as asymptomatic, 37 (52.9%) mild, 11 (15.7%) moderate, and 6 (8.6%) severe COVID-19. Three (4.3%) were classified as MIS-C. BCA was not significantly associated with infection severity. Prior to the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 47 infections, 19 (40.4%) resulted in hospital admission and 7 (14.9%) required intensive care, while after the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 23 infections, only 1 (4.3%) required admission and the remaining 22 (95.7%) had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Death occurred in 3 of 70 (4.3%); each death involved coinfection or life-threatening condition. In a multivariable model, factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infection included having two or more comorbidities (OR 7.73, CI 1.05 to 74.8, p=0.048) and age ≥18 years (OR 9.51, CI 1.90 to 82.2, p=0.014). In the eight patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before CAR T, half of these patients had their CAR T infusion delayed by 15–30 days.ConclusionsIn a large international cohort of pediatric and young adult CAR-T recipients, SARS-CoV-2 infections resulted in frequent hospital and intensive care unit admissions and were associated with mortality in 4.3%. Patients with two or more comorbidities or aged ≥18 years were more likely to experience significant illness. Suspected Omicron infections were associated with milder disease.
Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies are uniquely immunosuppressed due to CAR T-mediated B-cell aplasia (BCA). While SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates of 33%-40% are reported in adult CAR T-cell recipients, outcomes in pediatric and young adult CAR T-cell recipients are limited. We created an international retrospective registry of CAR T recipients aged 0-30 years infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 2 months prior to or any time after CAR T infusion. SARS-CoV-2-associated illness was graded as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). To assess for risk factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infections (infections requiring hospital admission for respiratory distress or supplemental oxygen), univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed. Nine centers contributed 78 infections in 75 patients. Of 70 SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring after CAR T infusion, 13 (18.6%) were classified as asymptomatic, 37 (52.9%) mild, 11 (15.7%) moderate, and 6 (8.6%) severe COVID-19. Three (4.3%) were classified as MIS-C. BCA was not significantly associated with infection severity. Prior to the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 47 infections, 19 (40.4%) resulted in hospital admission and 7 (14.9%) required intensive care, while after the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 23 infections, only 1 (4.3%) required admission and the remaining 22 (95.7%) had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Death occurred in 3 of 70 (4.3%); each death involved coinfection or life-threatening condition. In a multivariable model, factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infection included having two or more comorbidities (OR 7.73, CI 1.05 to 74.8, p=0.048) and age ≥18 years (OR 9.51, CI 1.90 to 82.2, p=0.014). In the eight patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before CAR T, half of these patients had their CAR T infusion delayed by 15-30 days. In a large international cohort of pediatric and young adult CAR-T recipients, SARS-CoV-2 infections resulted in frequent hospital and intensive care unit admissions and were associated with mortality in 4.3%. Patients with two or more comorbidities or aged ≥18 years were more likely to experience significant illness. Suspected Omicron infections were associated with milder disease.
Background Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies are uniquely immunosuppressed due to CAR T-mediated B-cell aplasia (BCA). While SARS-CoV-2 mortality rates of 33%–40% are reported in adult CAR T-cell recipients, outcomes in pediatric and young adult CAR T-cell recipients are limited.Methods We created an international retrospective registry of CAR T recipients aged 0–30 years infected with SARS-CoV-2 within 2 months prior to or any time after CAR T infusion. SARS-CoV-2-associated illness was graded as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19, or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). To assess for risk factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infections (infections requiring hospital admission for respiratory distress or supplemental oxygen), univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed.Results Nine centers contributed 78 infections in 75 patients. Of 70 SARS-CoV-2 infections occurring after CAR T infusion, 13 (18.6%) were classified as asymptomatic, 37 (52.9%) mild, 11 (15.7%) moderate, and 6 (8.6%) severe COVID-19. Three (4.3%) were classified as MIS-C. BCA was not significantly associated with infection severity. Prior to the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 47 infections, 19 (40.4%) resulted in hospital admission and 7 (14.9%) required intensive care, while after the emergence of the Omicron variant, of 23 infections, only 1 (4.3%) required admission and the remaining 22 (95.7%) had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Death occurred in 3 of 70 (4.3%); each death involved coinfection or life-threatening condition. In a multivariable model, factors associated with significant SARS-CoV-2 infection included having two or more comorbidities (OR 7.73, CI 1.05 to 74.8, p=0.048) and age ≥18 years (OR 9.51, CI 1.90 to 82.2, p=0.014). In the eight patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before CAR T, half of these patients had their CAR T infusion delayed by 15–30 days.Conclusions In a large international cohort of pediatric and young adult CAR-T recipients, SARS-CoV-2 infections resulted in frequent hospital and intensive care unit admissions and were associated with mortality in 4.3%. Patients with two or more comorbidities or aged ≥18 years were more likely to experience significant illness. Suspected Omicron infections were associated with milder disease.
Author Talano, Julie-An
Li, Yimei
Calkoen, Friso G
Davis, Kara Lynn
Callahan, Colleen
McNerney, Kevin Owen
Krajewski, Jennifer
Richards, Rebecca M
Moskop, Amy
Liu, Hongyan
Vatsayan, Anant
Dave, Hema
Aguayo-Hiraldo, Paibel
Balduzzi, Adriana
Maude, Shannon L
AuthorAffiliation 3 Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
12 Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
7 Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca , Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dai Tintori , Milan , Italy
13 Department of Pediatrics , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
11 Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program , The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
14 Department of Pediatrics , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
10 Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders , Children's National Hospital , Washington , District of Columbia , USA
4 Cancer and Blood Disease Institute , Keck School of Medicine of USC , Los Angeles , California , USA
5 Division of Pediatric Oncology , Princess Maxima Center , Utrecht , The Netherla
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin , USA
– name: 6 Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow TransplantationDepartment of Pediatrics , Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA
– name: 11 Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program , The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
– name: 4 Cancer and Blood Disease Institute , Keck School of Medicine of USC , Los Angeles , California , USA
– name: 15 Pediatrics , Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , California , USA
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  orcidid: 0000-0002-4359-3569
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  organization: Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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  organization: Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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  surname: Moskop
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  organization: Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow TransplantationDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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  surname: Balduzzi
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  organization: Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dai Tintori, Milan, Italy
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  givenname: Jennifer
  surname: Krajewski
  fullname: Krajewski, Jennifer
  organization: Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Hema
  surname: Dave
  fullname: Dave, Hema
  organization: Cancer Immunology and Microbial Oncology Research Program, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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  fullname: Vatsayan, Anant
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  surname: Liu
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  surname: Maude
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  organization: Division of Oncology, Center for Childhood Cancer Research and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36707090$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords COVID-19
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
Pediatrics
Hematologic Neoplasms
Immunotherapy
Language English
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Notes Original research
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KLD and SLM are joint senior authors.
KOM and RMR are joint first authors.
ORCID 0000-0003-2210-8736
0000-0002-4359-3569
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PublicationDecade 2020
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PublicationSeriesTitle Original research
PublicationTitle Journal for immunotherapy of cancer
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Immunother Cancer
PublicationTitleAlternate J Immunother Cancer
PublicationYear 2023
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Snippet BackgroundImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for...
Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for...
BACKGROUNDImmunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for...
Background Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Patients undergoing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for...
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StartPage e005957
SubjectTerms Adolescent
Adult
Antigens
Asymptomatic
Betacoronavirus
Blood cancer
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Chemotherapy
Child
Clinical/Translational Cancer Immunotherapy
Coronavirus Infections - complications
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 vaccines
Hematologic Neoplasms
Hematology
Hospitalization
Humans
Hypertension
Immunization
Immunotherapy
Infections
Intensive care
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Medical laboratories
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Oncology
Patients
Pediatrics
Pneumonia, Viral - complications
Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
Registries
Remission (Medicine)
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Stem cell transplantation
Ventilators
Young Adult
Young adults
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Title SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric and young adult recipients of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: an international registry report
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Volume 11
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