Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation in humans
Objectives The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation. Methods The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by ad...
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Published in | Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society Vol. 31; no. 1; pp. 74 - 80 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
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Language | English |
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01.03.2013
Sage Publications Ltd |
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Abstract | Objectives The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation. Methods The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with ‘eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics’ (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure. Results In the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response. |
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AbstractList | The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation.
The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with 'eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics' (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure.
In the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05).
These data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response. Objectives The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation. Methods The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with ‘eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics’ (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure. Results In the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response. OBJECTIVESThe aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation.METHODSThe subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with 'eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics' (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure.RESULTSIn the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONSThese data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation. The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with 'eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics' (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure. In the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05). These data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response. Objectives The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and axon reflex vasodilation. Methods The subjects were 17 healthy male volunteers. The role of NO was investigated by administering NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 20 mM), an NO synthase inhibitor or Ringer's solution (control site), via intradermal microdialysis (protocol 1; n=7). The role of axon reflex vasodilation by local sensory neurones was investigated by comparing vasodilation at sites treated with ‘eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics’ (EMLA) cream (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) with untreated sites (control site) (protocol 2; n=10). After 5 min of baseline recording, acupuncture was applied to PC4 and a control site in proximity to PC4 for 10 min and scanning was performed for 60 min after acupuncture stimulation. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated from the ratio of SkBF to mean arterial blood pressure. Results In the first protocol, sites administered L-NAME showed significant reductions in CVC responses following acupuncture stimulation compared to control sites (administered Ringer's solution) (p<0.05). In the second protocol, changes in CVC responses after acupuncture stimulation did not differ significantly between treated sites with EMLA cream and untreated sites (p>0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation may not occur through an axon reflex as previously reported. Rather, NO mechanisms appear to contribute to the vasodilator response. |
Author | Yuri, Kuniko Takeuchi, Hayato Wakayama, Ikuro Kimura, Kenichi |
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Snippet | Objectives The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles... The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of nitric... OBJECTIVESThe aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanism of cutaneous vasodilation following acupuncture stimulation by investigating the roles of... |
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SubjectTerms | Acupuncture Acupuncture Points Acupuncture Therapy Adult Anesthetics, Local - pharmacology Arterial Pressure Axons Enzyme Inhibitors - pharmacology Humans Isotonic Solutions Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Male Microdialysis NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester - pharmacology Nitric Oxide - metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase - antagonists & inhibitors Reference Values Reflex Regional Blood Flow Sensory Receptor Cells - physiology Skin - blood supply Skin - drug effects Skin - innervation Vasodilation Young Adult |
Title | Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on cutaneous vasodilation in response to acupuncture stimulation in humans |
URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2012-010177 https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/NVC-295W97CQ-C/fulltext.pdf https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23076431 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1346556686 https://search.proquest.com/docview/1314320843 |
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