Population-based cross-sectional prevalence survey of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Sohag—Egypt, 2019
ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM aged 50 years and older in Sohag governorate in Upper Egypt.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey using the standardised Rapid Asse...
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Published in | BMJ open Vol. 11; no. 6; p. e047757 |
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Language | English |
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Abstract | ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM aged 50 years and older in Sohag governorate in Upper Egypt.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey using the standardised Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness with the addition of the Diabetic Retinopathy module methodology.SettingsSohag governorate in Egypt where 68 clusters were selected using probability proportional to population size. Households were selected using the compact segment technique.Participants4078 people aged 50 years and older in 68 clusters were enrolled, of which 4033 participants had their random blood sugar checked and 843 examined for features of DR.Primary and secondary outcomesThe prevalence of DM and DR; secondary outcome was the coverage with diabetic eye care.ResultsThe prevalence of DM was 20.9% (95% CI 19.3% to 22.5%). The prevalence in females (23.8%; 95% CI 21.4% to 26.3%) was significantly higher than in males (18.9%; 95% CI 17.1% to 20.7%) (p=0.0001). Only 38.8% of persons diagnosed with diabetes had good control of DM. The prevalence of DR in the sample was 17.9% (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%). The prevalence in females was higher (18.9%; 95% CI 14.0% to 23.8%) than in males (17.1%; 95% CI 13.0% to 21.2%). Up to 85.3% of study participants have never had eye examination. Sight-threatening DR (R4 and/or M2) was detected in 5.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 7.0%) with only 2.3% having had laser treatment.ConclusionThe prevalence of uncontrolled DM in Sohag governorate in Egypt is higher than the national prevalence. There is a high prevalence of sight-threatening retinopathy and/or maculopathy with few people having access to diabetic eye care. A public health approach is needed for health promotion, early detection and management of DR. |
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AbstractList | ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM aged 50 years and older in Sohag governorate in Upper Egypt.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey using the standardised Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness with the addition of the Diabetic Retinopathy module methodology.SettingsSohag governorate in Egypt where 68 clusters were selected using probability proportional to population size. Households were selected using the compact segment technique.Participants4078 people aged 50 years and older in 68 clusters were enrolled, of which 4033 participants had their random blood sugar checked and 843 examined for features of DR.Primary and secondary outcomesThe prevalence of DM and DR; secondary outcome was the coverage with diabetic eye care.ResultsThe prevalence of DM was 20.9% (95% CI 19.3% to 22.5%). The prevalence in females (23.8%; 95% CI 21.4% to 26.3%) was significantly higher than in males (18.9%; 95% CI 17.1% to 20.7%) (p=0.0001). Only 38.8% of persons diagnosed with diabetes had good control of DM. The prevalence of DR in the sample was 17.9% (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%). The prevalence in females was higher (18.9%; 95% CI 14.0% to 23.8%) than in males (17.1%; 95% CI 13.0% to 21.2%). Up to 85.3% of study participants have never had eye examination. Sight-threatening DR (R4 and/or M2) was detected in 5.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 7.0%) with only 2.3% having had laser treatment.ConclusionThe prevalence of uncontrolled DM in Sohag governorate in Egypt is higher than the national prevalence. There is a high prevalence of sight-threatening retinopathy and/or maculopathy with few people having access to diabetic eye care. A public health approach is needed for health promotion, early detection and management of DR. Objectives To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM aged 50 years and older in Sohag governorate in Upper Egypt.Design Population-based, cross-sectional survey using the standardised Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness with the addition of the Diabetic Retinopathy module methodology.Settings Sohag governorate in Egypt where 68 clusters were selected using probability proportional to population size. Households were selected using the compact segment technique.Participants 4078 people aged 50 years and older in 68 clusters were enrolled, of which 4033 participants had their random blood sugar checked and 843 examined for features of DR.Primary and secondary outcomes The prevalence of DM and DR; secondary outcome was the coverage with diabetic eye care.Results The prevalence of DM was 20.9% (95% CI 19.3% to 22.5%). The prevalence in females (23.8%; 95% CI 21.4% to 26.3%) was significantly higher than in males (18.9%; 95% CI 17.1% to 20.7%) (p=0.0001). Only 38.8% of persons diagnosed with diabetes had good control of DM. The prevalence of DR in the sample was 17.9% (95% CI 14.7% to 21.1%). The prevalence in females was higher (18.9%; 95% CI 14.0% to 23.8%) than in males (17.1%; 95% CI 13.0% to 21.2%). Up to 85.3% of study participants have never had eye examination. Sight-threatening DR (R4 and/or M2) was detected in 5.2% (95% CI 3.4% to 7.0%) with only 2.3% having had laser treatment.Conclusion The prevalence of uncontrolled DM in Sohag governorate in Egypt is higher than the national prevalence. There is a high prevalence of sight-threatening retinopathy and/or maculopathy with few people having access to diabetic eye care. A public health approach is needed for health promotion, early detection and management of DR. |
Author | Safa, Omar Mpyet, Caleb D Hassanin, Ibrahim AlSawahli, Heba Ezzelarab, Gamal Shalaby, Mohammad Almansour, Ahmed |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Magrabi Foundation , Cairo , Egypt 2 Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Plateau State , Nigeria 3 Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria 4 Epidemiology , Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora , Colorado , USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 Sightsavers , Kaduna , Nigeria – name: 1 Magrabi Foundation , Cairo , Egypt – name: 4 Epidemiology , Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora , Colorado , USA – name: 2 Ophthalmology , Jos University Teaching Hospital , Jos , Plateau State , Nigeria |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Heba orcidid: 0000-0002-2922-8354 surname: AlSawahli fullname: AlSawahli, Heba email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Magrabi Foundation, Cairo, Egypt – sequence: 2 givenname: Caleb D surname: Mpyet fullname: Mpyet, Caleb D email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Sightsavers, Kaduna, Nigeria – sequence: 3 givenname: Gamal surname: Ezzelarab fullname: Ezzelarab, Gamal email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Magrabi Foundation, Cairo, Egypt – sequence: 4 givenname: Ibrahim surname: Hassanin fullname: Hassanin, Ibrahim email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Mohammad surname: Shalaby fullname: Shalaby, Mohammad email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Magrabi Foundation, Cairo, Egypt – sequence: 6 givenname: Omar surname: Safa fullname: Safa, Omar email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Magrabi Foundation, Cairo, Egypt – sequence: 7 givenname: Ahmed surname: Almansour fullname: Almansour, Ahmed email: halsawahli@aucegypt.edu organization: Magrabi Foundation, Cairo, Egypt |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s00592_022_01966_0 crossref_primary_10_2147_OPTH_S385806 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_023_43838_9 crossref_primary_10_4103_ijo_IJO_641_22 crossref_primary_10_4103_ejos_ejos_6_24 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10792_023_02692_4 crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2023_077552 crossref_primary_10_1155_2023_5541808 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40883_023_00308_y crossref_primary_10_2147_OPTH_S344937 |
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2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.18 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.26 doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.03.023 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.23 doi: 10.2337/dc07-0048 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.17 doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000557 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.22 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.20 – volume: 19 start-page: 178 year: 2012 ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.29 article-title: Screening and public health strategies for diabetic retinopathy in the eastern Mediterranean region publication-title: Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.95245 contributor: fullname: Khandekar – volume: 366 start-page: 1227 year: 2012 ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.1 article-title: Diabetic retinopathy publication-title: N Engl J Med Overseas Ed doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1005073 contributor: fullname: Antonetti – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.7 doi: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1193618 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.27 – volume: 156 year: 2019 ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.3 article-title: How to perform better intervention to prevent and control diabetic retinopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials publication-title: Diabetes Res Clin Pract doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107834 contributor: fullname: Yusufu – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.16 doi: 10.3109/09286586.2011.588908 – volume: 45 start-page: 73 year: 2011 ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.9 article-title: Epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Egypt: a hospital-based study publication-title: Ophthalmic Res doi: 10.1159/000314876 contributor: fullname: Macky – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.11 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.24 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.049 – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.4 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)62124-3 – volume: 5 start-page: e1221 year: 2017 ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.6 article-title: Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990-2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis publication-title: Lancet Glob Health doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30393-5 contributor: fullname: Flaxman – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.13 – volume: 20 start-page: 26 year: 2013 ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.25 article-title: Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness, cataract surgical coverage and outcomes of cataract surgery in Libya publication-title: Ophthalmic Epidemiol doi: 10.3109/09286586.2012.746994 contributor: fullname: Rabiu – ident: 2021061708300490000_11.6.e047757.19 |
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Snippet | ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM... OBJECTIVESTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with DM... Objectives To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and sight-threatening conditions among persons with... |
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SubjectTerms | Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Epidemiology Eye examinations Field study Glucose Population Response rates Sample size Software Visual impairment |
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Title | Population-based cross-sectional prevalence survey of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Sohag—Egypt, 2019 |
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