Bacteraemia in Malawian neonates and young infants 2002–2007: a retrospective audit
ObjectivesTo assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi during 2002–2007.DesignRetrospective analysis of demographic and microbiological data using laboratory...
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Published in | BMJ open Vol. 2; no. 3; p. e000906 |
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Abstract | ObjectivesTo assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi during 2002–2007.DesignRetrospective analysis of demographic and microbiological data using laboratory records.SettingQECH is Malawi's largest hospital with 7000 neonates admitted annually, 9% for septicaemia.PatientsAll infants aged 60 days or less admitted to QECH that had a blood culture taken over the 6-year period.Main outcome measures6754 blood cultures were taken. 3323 organisms were isolated: one-third were pathogens, two-thirds contaminants. Gram-positive organisms (53%) were more common than gram-negatives (47%). Four organisms made up half of all pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%), group B streptococci (13.5%), non-typhoidal salmonellae (12.6%) and Escherichia coli (10.5%). Apart from non-typhoidal salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, most organisms were more common in the first week of life than later. Overall, 28% of isolates during 2002–2007 were resistant to first-line antibiotic, higher than observed during 1996–2001 (22%). Penicillin susceptibility fluctuated while gram-negative resistance to gentamicin increased from 17% to 27% over the study period.ConclusionsIn the QECH, pathogens causing young infant sepsis are an unusual mix of organisms seen in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to first-line antibiotics is higher than observed in most studies. Ongoing monitoring is needed and clinical outcome data would aid interpretation of findings. A high proportion of blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora—improved training and supervision of phlebotomists are needed to improve the utility of taking blood cultures. |
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AbstractList | To assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi during 2002-2007.
Retrospective analysis of demographic and microbiological data using laboratory records.
QECH is Malawi's largest hospital with 7000 neonates admitted annually, 9% for septicaemia.
All infants aged 60 days or less admitted to QECH that had a blood culture taken over the 6-year period.
6754 blood cultures were taken. 3323 organisms were isolated: one-third were pathogens, two-thirds contaminants. Gram-positive organisms (53%) were more common than gram-negatives (47%). Four organisms made up half of all pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%), group B streptococci (13.5%), non-typhoidal salmonellae (12.6%) and Escherichia coli (10.5%). Apart from non-typhoidal salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, most organisms were more common in the first week of life than later. Overall, 28% of isolates during 2002-2007 were resistant to first-line antibiotic, higher than observed during 1996-2001 (22%). Penicillin susceptibility fluctuated while gram-negative resistance to gentamicin increased from 17% to 27% over the study period.
In the QECH, pathogens causing young infant sepsis are an unusual mix of organisms seen in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to first-line antibiotics is higher than observed in most studies. Ongoing monitoring is needed and clinical outcome data would aid interpretation of findings. A high proportion of blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora-improved training and supervision of phlebotomists are needed to improve the utility of taking blood cultures. Objectives To assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi during 2002–2007. Design Retrospective analysis of demographic and microbiological data using laboratory records. Setting QECH is Malawi's largest hospital with 7000 neonates admitted annually, 9% for septicaemia. Patients All infants aged 60 days or less admitted to QECH that had a blood culture taken over the 6-year period. Main outcome measures 6754 blood cultures were taken. 3323 organisms were isolated: one-third were pathogens, two-thirds contaminants. Gram-positive organisms (53%) were more common than gram-negatives (47%). Four organisms made up half of all pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%), group B streptococci (13.5%), non-typhoidal salmonellae (12.6%) and Escherichia coli (10.5%). Apart from non-typhoidal salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae , most organisms were more common in the first week of life than later. Overall, 28% of isolates during 2002–2007 were resistant to first-line antibiotic, higher than observed during 1996–2001 (22%). Penicillin susceptibility fluctuated while gram-negative resistance to gentamicin increased from 17% to 27% over the study period. Conclusions In the QECH, pathogens causing young infant sepsis are an unusual mix of organisms seen in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to first-line antibiotics is higher than observed in most studies. Ongoing monitoring is needed and clinical outcome data would aid interpretation of findings. A high proportion of blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora—improved training and supervision of phlebotomists are needed to improve the utility of taking blood cultures. ObjectivesTo assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH), Malawi during 2002–2007.DesignRetrospective analysis of demographic and microbiological data using laboratory records.SettingQECH is Malawi's largest hospital with 7000 neonates admitted annually, 9% for septicaemia.PatientsAll infants aged 60 days or less admitted to QECH that had a blood culture taken over the 6-year period.Main outcome measures6754 blood cultures were taken. 3323 organisms were isolated: one-third were pathogens, two-thirds contaminants. Gram-positive organisms (53%) were more common than gram-negatives (47%). Four organisms made up half of all pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus (15.3%), group B streptococci (13.5%), non-typhoidal salmonellae (12.6%) and Escherichia coli (10.5%). Apart from non-typhoidal salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, most organisms were more common in the first week of life than later. Overall, 28% of isolates during 2002–2007 were resistant to first-line antibiotic, higher than observed during 1996–2001 (22%). Penicillin susceptibility fluctuated while gram-negative resistance to gentamicin increased from 17% to 27% over the study period.ConclusionsIn the QECH, pathogens causing young infant sepsis are an unusual mix of organisms seen in both developed and developing countries. Resistance to first-line antibiotics is higher than observed in most studies. Ongoing monitoring is needed and clinical outcome data would aid interpretation of findings. A high proportion of blood cultures were contaminated with skin flora—improved training and supervision of phlebotomists are needed to improve the utility of taking blood cultures. |
Author | Chagoma, Newton Phiri, Amos Molyneux, Elizabeth Coghlan, Benjamin Gwee, Amanda Everett, Dean Wilson, Lorna |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia 2 Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia 4 Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK 5 Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi 3 Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi 6 Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 1 Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia – name: 3 Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi – name: 4 Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK – name: 6 Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi – name: 5 Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi – name: 2 Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Amanda surname: Gwee fullname: Gwee, Amanda email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia – sequence: 2 givenname: Benjamin surname: Coghlan fullname: Coghlan, Benjamin email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia – sequence: 3 givenname: Dean surname: Everett fullname: Everett, Dean email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection & Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Newton surname: Chagoma fullname: Chagoma, Newton email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi – sequence: 5 givenname: Amos surname: Phiri fullname: Phiri, Amos email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi – sequence: 6 givenname: Lorna surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, Lorna email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Laboratory, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi – sequence: 7 givenname: Elizabeth surname: Molyneux fullname: Molyneux, Elizabeth email: amandagwee@hotmail.com organization: Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22587884$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Snippet | ObjectivesTo assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen... To assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen Elizabeth... Objectives To assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen... OBJECTIVESTo assess the causes of bacteraemia in young infants and susceptibility to first-line antibiotics (benzylpenicillin plus gentamicin) at the Queen... |
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SubjectTerms | Age Antibiotics Audits Babies Bacterial infections Birth weight Developing countries Drug resistance Health facilities Laboratories LDCs Nosocomial infections Organisms Paediatrics Sepsis |
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Title | Bacteraemia in Malawian neonates and young infants 2002–2007: a retrospective audit |
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