Mini Mental State Examination and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: Effect of education and norms for a multicultural population
Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke′s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE). Materials and Methods: Education-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected cognitively unimpaired community e...
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Published in | Neurology India Vol. 55; no. 2; pp. 106 - 110 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
India
Medknow Publications on behalf of the Neurological Society of India
01.04.2007
Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd |
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Abstract | Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of
Addenbrooke′s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive
Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE). Materials and
Methods: Education-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected
cognitively unimpaired community elders (n = 519). Results: Valid
data on norms was available on 488 subjects (age 68.5 ± 7.1 and
education 7.9 ± 5.4). Education and age, but not gender had a
significant effect on both M-ACE and M-MMSE. When compared to the
effect of age, the effect of education was sevenfold more on the M-ACE
and ninefold more on the M-MMSE. The mean composite score on the M-ACE
(and the M-MMSE) was 42.8 ± 9.8 (14.9 ± 3.1) for those with 0
(n = 72), 55.9 ± 12.5 (19.7 ± 4.1) with 1-4 (n = 96), 62.6
± 11.4 (21.9 ± 3.7) with 5-8 (n = 81), 77 ± 10.2 (25.7
± 2.4) with 9-12 (n = 136) and 83.4 ± 7.2 (26.7 ± 1.6)
with> 12 (n = 103) years of formal education. Conclusions:
Education has the most potent effect on performance on both M-ACE and
M-MMSE in the Indian cohort. Education-stratified scores on the M-ACE
and the M-MMSE, will provide a more appropriate means of establishing
the cognitive status of patients. It is also our feeling that these
cut-off scores will be useful across India. |
---|---|
AbstractList | To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE).
Education-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected cognitively unimpaired community elders (n = 519).
Valid data on norms was available on 488 subjects (age 68.5 +/- 7.1 and education 7.9 +/- 5.4). Education and age, but not gender had a significant effect on both M-ACE and M-MMSE. When compared to the effect of age, the effect of education was sevenfold more on the M-ACE and ninefold more on the M-MMSE. The mean composite score on the M-ACE (and the M-MMSE) was 42.8 +/- 9.8 (14.9 +/- 3.1) for those with 0 (n = 72), 55.9 +/- 12.5 (19.7 +/- 4.1) with 1-4 (n = 96), 62.6 +/- 11.4 (21.9 +/- 3.7) with 5-8 (n = 81), 77 +/- 10.2 (25.7 +/- 2.4) with 9-12 (n = 136) and 83.4 +/- 7.2 (26.7 +/- 1.6) with > 12 (n = 103) years of formal education.
Education has the most potent effect on performance on both M-ACE and M-MMSE in the Indian cohort. Education-stratified scores on the M-ACE and the M-MMSE, will provide a more appropriate means of establishing the cognitive status of patients. It is also our feeling that these cut-off scores will be useful across India. OBJECTIVETo derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE). MATERIALS AND METHODSEducation-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected cognitively unimpaired community elders (n = 519). RESULTSValid data on norms was available on 488 subjects (age 68.5 +/- 7.1 and education 7.9 +/- 5.4). Education and age, but not gender had a significant effect on both M-ACE and M-MMSE. When compared to the effect of age, the effect of education was sevenfold more on the M-ACE and ninefold more on the M-MMSE. The mean composite score on the M-ACE (and the M-MMSE) was 42.8 +/- 9.8 (14.9 +/- 3.1) for those with 0 (n = 72), 55.9 +/- 12.5 (19.7 +/- 4.1) with 1-4 (n = 96), 62.6 +/- 11.4 (21.9 +/- 3.7) with 5-8 (n = 81), 77 +/- 10.2 (25.7 +/- 2.4) with 9-12 (n = 136) and 83.4 +/- 7.2 (26.7 +/- 1.6) with > 12 (n = 103) years of formal education. CONCLUSIONSEducation has the most potent effect on performance on both M-ACE and M-MMSE in the Indian cohort. Education-stratified scores on the M-ACE and the M-MMSE, will provide a more appropriate means of establishing the cognitive status of patients. It is also our feeling that these cut-off scores will be useful across India. Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE). Materials and Methods: Education-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected cognitively unimpaired community elders (n = 519). Results: Valid data on norms was available on 488 subjects (age 68.5 ± 7.1 and education 7.9 ± 5.4). Education and age, but not gender had a significant effect on both M-ACE and M-MMSE. When compared to the effect of age, the effect of education was sevenfold more on the M-ACE and ninefold more on the M-MMSE. The mean composite score on the M-ACE (and the M-MMSE) was 42.8 ± 9.8 (14.9 ± 3.1) for those with 0 (n = 72), 55.9 ± 12.5 (19.7 ± 4.1) with 1-4 (n = 96), 62.6 ± 11.4 (21.9 ± 3.7) with 5-8 (n = 81), 77 ± 10.2 (25.7 ± 2.4) with 9-12 (n = 136) and 83.4 ± 7.2 (26.7 ± 1.6) with> 12 (n = 103) years of formal education. Conclusions: Education has the most potent effect on performance on both M-ACE and M-MMSE in the Indian cohort. Education-stratified scores on the M-ACE and the M-MMSE, will provide a more appropriate means of establishing the cognitive status of patients. It is also our feeling that these cut-off scores will be useful across India. Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke′s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE). Materials and Methods: Education-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected cognitively unimpaired community elders (n = 519). Results: Valid data on norms was available on 488 subjects (age 68.5 ± 7.1 and education 7.9 ± 5.4). Education and age, but not gender had a significant effect on both M-ACE and M-MMSE. When compared to the effect of age, the effect of education was sevenfold more on the M-ACE and ninefold more on the M-MMSE. The mean composite score on the M-ACE (and the M-MMSE) was 42.8 ± 9.8 (14.9 ± 3.1) for those with 0 (n = 72), 55.9 ± 12.5 (19.7 ± 4.1) with 1-4 (n = 96), 62.6 ± 11.4 (21.9 ± 3.7) with 5-8 (n = 81), 77 ± 10.2 (25.7 ± 2.4) with 9-12 (n = 136) and 83.4 ± 7.2 (26.7 ± 1.6) with> 12 (n = 103) years of formal education. Conclusions: Education has the most potent effect on performance on both M-ACE and M-MMSE in the Indian cohort. Education-stratified scores on the M-ACE and the M-MMSE, will provide a more appropriate means of establishing the cognitive status of patients. It is also our feeling that these cut-off scores will be useful across India. |
Audience | Academic |
Author | Cherian, JosephP Mathuranath, PS George, Annamma Sarma, SankaraP Alexander, Aley Mathew, Robert |
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Snippet | Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of
Addenbrooke′s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive
Malayalam mini mental state... To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination... Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state... OBJECTIVETo derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state... |
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SubjectTerms | Addenbrooke′s cognitive examination Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis Cognition - physiology Cognition Disorders - diagnosis Cognition Disorders - epidemiology Cognition Disorders - psychology Culture Dementia developing countries Education elderly Female Health aspects Humans India - epidemiology Male Mental health Middle Aged mini mental status examination Neuropsychological Tests - standards Population Reference Standards scale screening Sex Factors Statistics |
Title | Mini Mental State Examination and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination: Effect of education and norms for a multicultural population |
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