MicroRNAs as regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in liver diseases

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translational inhibition. miRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological liver functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is...

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Published inGut Vol. 70; no. 4; pp. 784 - 795
Main Authors Wang, Xiaolin, He, Yong, Mackowiak, Bryan, Gao, Bin
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology 01.04.2021
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
Subjects
Alcoholism
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
cancer
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell interactions
Cell signaling
Chemokines
Collagen
Cytokines
Diagnosis
Extracellular vesicles
Fatty liver
Fibrosis
Gene expression
Growth factors
Hepatitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocytes
Kinases
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Ligands
Liver cancer
Liver diseases
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Non-coding RNA
Phosphatase
Post-transcription
Proteins
Recent advances in basic science
RNA polymerase
Roles
Stellate cells
Therapeutic applications
Tumors
cancer
fatty liver
fibrosis
hepatitis
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Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translational inhibition. miRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological liver functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver metabolism dysregulation, liver injury, liver fibrosis and tumour development, making miRNAs attractive therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases with a major focus on miRNAs that are specifically expressed or enriched in hepatocytes (miR-122, miR-194/192), neutrophils (miR-223), hepatic stellate cells (miR-29), immune cells (miR-155) and in circulation (miR-21). The functions and target genes of these miRNAs are emphasised in alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well liver fibrosis and liver failure. We touch on the roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication between hepatocytes and other types of cells via extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We provide perspective on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of liver diseases and discuss the challenges in miRNA-based therapy for liver diseases. Further investigation of miRNAs in the liver will help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases and may identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver diseases in the future.
AbstractList MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translational inhibition. miRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological liver functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver metabolism dysregulation, liver injury, liver fibrosis and tumour development, making miRNAs attractive therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases with a major focus on miRNAs that are specifically expressed or enriched in hepatocytes (miR-122, miR-194/192), neutrophils (miR-223), hepatic stellate cells (miR-29), immune cells (miR-155) and in circulation (miR-21). The functions and target genes of these miRNAs are emphasised in alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well liver fibrosis and liver failure. We touch on the roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication between hepatocytes and other types of cells via extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We provide perspective on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of liver diseases and discuss the challenges in miRNA-based therapy for liver diseases. Further investigation of miRNAs in the liver will help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases and may identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver diseases in the future.MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translational inhibition. miRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological liver functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver metabolism dysregulation, liver injury, liver fibrosis and tumour development, making miRNAs attractive therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases with a major focus on miRNAs that are specifically expressed or enriched in hepatocytes (miR-122, miR-194/192), neutrophils (miR-223), hepatic stellate cells (miR-29), immune cells (miR-155) and in circulation (miR-21). The functions and target genes of these miRNAs are emphasised in alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well liver fibrosis and liver failure. We touch on the roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication between hepatocytes and other types of cells via extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We provide perspective on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of liver diseases and discuss the challenges in miRNA-based therapy for liver diseases. Further investigation of miRNAs in the liver will help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases and may identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver diseases in the future.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their degradation and/or translational inhibition. miRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological liver functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is associated with liver metabolism dysregulation, liver injury, liver fibrosis and tumour development, making miRNAs attractive therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation and function of miRNAs in liver diseases with a major focus on miRNAs that are specifically expressed or enriched in hepatocytes (miR-122, miR-194/192), neutrophils (miR-223), hepatic stellate cells (miR-29), immune cells (miR-155) and in circulation (miR-21). The functions and target genes of these miRNAs are emphasised in alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well liver fibrosis and liver failure. We touch on the roles of miRNAs in intercellular communication between hepatocytes and other types of cells via extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. We provide perspective on the application of miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of liver diseases and discuss the challenges in miRNA-based therapy for liver diseases. Further investigation of miRNAs in the liver will help us better understand the pathogeneses of liver diseases and may identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets for liver diseases in the future.
Author Mackowiak, Bryan
Gao, Bin
He, Yong
Wang, Xiaolin
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Xiaolin
  surname: Wang
  fullname: Wang, Xiaolin
  organization: Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Yong
  surname: He
  fullname: He, Yong
  organization: Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Bryan
  surname: Mackowiak
  fullname: Mackowiak, Bryan
  organization: Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Bin
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0505-2972
  surname: Gao
  fullname: Gao, Bin
  email: bgao@mail.nih.gov
  organization: Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33127832$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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fatty liver
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hepatitis
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2022031300350746000_70.4.784.42
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2022031300350746000_70.4.784.45
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.46
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.44
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2022031300350746000_70.4.784.47
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.96
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.97
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.94
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.95
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.12
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.13
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.10
2022031300350746000_70.4.784.11
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2022031300350746000_70.4.784.91
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2022031300350746000_70.4.784.17
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Snippet MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets and promoting their...
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SubjectTerms Alcoholism
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
cancer
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell interactions
Cell signaling
Chemokines
Collagen
Cytokines
Diagnosis
Extracellular vesicles
Fatty liver
Fibrosis
Gene expression
Growth factors
Hepatitis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocytes
Kinases
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Ligands
Liver cancer
Liver diseases
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Non-coding RNA
Phosphatase
Post-transcription
Proteins
Recent advances in basic science
RNA polymerase
Roles
Stellate cells
Therapeutic applications
Tumors
Title MicroRNAs as regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in liver diseases
URI https://gut.bmj.com/content/70/4/784.full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33127832
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2497443905
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2456431894
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