Gut microbiota composition is associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events

ObjectiveThe gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition in association with immune responses and adverse events in adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or t...

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Published inGut Vol. 71; no. 6; pp. 1106 - 1116
Main Authors Ng, Siew C, Peng, Ye, Zhang, Lin, Mok, Chris KP, Zhao, Shilin, Li, Amy, Ching, Jessica YL, Liu, Yingzhi, Yan, Shuai, Chan, Dream L S, Zhu, Jie, Chen, Chunke, Fung, Adrian CH, Wong, Kenneth KY, Hui, David SC, Chan, Francis KL, Tun, Hein M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology 01.06.2022
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
BMJ Publishing Group
Subjects
Adult
Adverse events
Age
Alcohol use
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
BNT162 Vaccine
Body mass index
Carbohydrate metabolism
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines - adverse effects
Diabetes
Drug dosages
enteric bacterial microflora
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Flagella
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gut microbiota
Humans
Hypertension
Immune response
Immunogenicity
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Laboratories
Metagenomics
Microbiomes
Microbiota
mRNA
mRNA Vaccines
Obesity
Overweight
Pili
Probiotics
Prospective Studies
Questionnaires
SARS-CoV-2
Serology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Statistical analysis
Vaccines
Vaccines, Synthetic
Hong Kong China
United States > US
China
COVID-19
immune response
enteric bacterial microflora
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN0017-5749
1468-3288
1468-3288
DOI10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326563

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Abstract ObjectiveThe gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition in association with immune responses and adverse events in adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or the mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2; BioNTech; Comirnaty).DesignWe performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing in stool samples of 138 COVID-19 vaccinees (37 CoronaVac and 101 BNT162b2 vaccinees) collected at baseline and 1 month after second dose of vaccination. Immune markers were measured by SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test and spike receptor-binding domain IgG ELISA.ResultsWe found a significantly lower immune response in recipients of CoronaVac than BNT162b2 vaccines (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium adolescentis was persistently higher in subjects with high neutralising antibodies to CoronaVac vaccine (p=0.023) and their baseline gut microbiome was enriched in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2 and p<0.05). Neutralising antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees showed a positive correlation with the total abundance of bacteria with flagella and fimbriae including Roseburia faecis (p=0.028). The abundance of Prevotella copri and two Megamonas species were enriched in individuals with fewer adverse events following either of the vaccines indicating that these bacteria may play an anti-inflammatory role in host immune response (LDA scores>3 and p<0.05).ConclusionOur study has identified specific gut microbiota markers in association with improved immune response and reduced adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines. Microbiota-targeted interventions have the potential to complement effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.
AbstractList ObjectiveThe gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition in association with immune responses and adverse events in adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or the mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2; BioNTech; Comirnaty).DesignWe performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing in stool samples of 138 COVID-19 vaccinees (37 CoronaVac and 101 BNT162b2 vaccinees) collected at baseline and 1 month after second dose of vaccination. Immune markers were measured by SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test and spike receptor-binding domain IgG ELISA.ResultsWe found a significantly lower immune response in recipients of CoronaVac than BNT162b2 vaccines (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium adolescentis was persistently higher in subjects with high neutralising antibodies to CoronaVac vaccine (p=0.023) and their baseline gut microbiome was enriched in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2 and p<0.05). Neutralising antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees showed a positive correlation with the total abundance of bacteria with flagella and fimbriae including Roseburia faecis (p=0.028). The abundance of Prevotella copri and two Megamonas species were enriched in individuals with fewer adverse events following either of the vaccines indicating that these bacteria may play an anti-inflammatory role in host immune response (LDA scores>3 and p<0.05).ConclusionOur study has identified specific gut microbiota markers in association with improved immune response and reduced adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines. Microbiota-targeted interventions have the potential to complement effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.
The gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition in association with immune responses and adverse events in adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or the mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2; BioNTech; Comirnaty). We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing in stool samples of 138 COVID-19 vaccinees (37 CoronaVac and 101 BNT162b2 vaccinees) collected at baseline and 1 month after second dose of vaccination. Immune markers were measured by SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test and spike receptor-binding domain IgG ELISA. We found a significantly lower immune response in recipients of CoronaVac than BNT162b2 vaccines (p<0.05). was persistently higher in subjects with high neutralising antibodies to CoronaVac vaccine (p=0.023) and their baseline gut microbiome was enriched in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2 and p<0.05). Neutralising antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees showed a positive correlation with the total abundance of bacteria with flagella and fimbriae including (p=0.028). The abundance of and two species were enriched in individuals with fewer adverse events following either of the vaccines indicating that these bacteria may play an anti-inflammatory role in host immune response (LDA scores>3 and p<0.05). Our study has identified specific gut microbiota markers in association with improved immune response and reduced adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines. Microbiota-targeted interventions have the potential to complement effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.
The gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition in association with immune responses and adverse events in adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or the mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2; BioNTech; Comirnaty).OBJECTIVEThe gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition in association with immune responses and adverse events in adults who have received the inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac; Sinovac) or the mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2; BioNTech; Comirnaty).We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing in stool samples of 138 COVID-19 vaccinees (37 CoronaVac and 101 BNT162b2 vaccinees) collected at baseline and 1 month after second dose of vaccination. Immune markers were measured by SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test and spike receptor-binding domain IgG ELISA.DESIGNWe performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing in stool samples of 138 COVID-19 vaccinees (37 CoronaVac and 101 BNT162b2 vaccinees) collected at baseline and 1 month after second dose of vaccination. Immune markers were measured by SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralisation test and spike receptor-binding domain IgG ELISA.We found a significantly lower immune response in recipients of CoronaVac than BNT162b2 vaccines (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium adolescentis was persistently higher in subjects with high neutralising antibodies to CoronaVac vaccine (p=0.023) and their baseline gut microbiome was enriched in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2 and p<0.05). Neutralising antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees showed a positive correlation with the total abundance of bacteria with flagella and fimbriae including Roseburia faecis (p=0.028). The abundance of Prevotella copri and two Megamonas species were enriched in individuals with fewer adverse events following either of the vaccines indicating that these bacteria may play an anti-inflammatory role in host immune response (LDA scores>3 and p<0.05).RESULTSWe found a significantly lower immune response in recipients of CoronaVac than BNT162b2 vaccines (p<0.05). Bifidobacterium adolescentis was persistently higher in subjects with high neutralising antibodies to CoronaVac vaccine (p=0.023) and their baseline gut microbiome was enriched in pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism (linear discriminant analysis (LDA) scores >2 and p<0.05). Neutralising antibodies in BNT162b2 vaccinees showed a positive correlation with the total abundance of bacteria with flagella and fimbriae including Roseburia faecis (p=0.028). The abundance of Prevotella copri and two Megamonas species were enriched in individuals with fewer adverse events following either of the vaccines indicating that these bacteria may play an anti-inflammatory role in host immune response (LDA scores>3 and p<0.05).Our study has identified specific gut microbiota markers in association with improved immune response and reduced adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines. Microbiota-targeted interventions have the potential to complement effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.CONCLUSIONOur study has identified specific gut microbiota markers in association with improved immune response and reduced adverse events following COVID-19 vaccines. Microbiota-targeted interventions have the potential to complement effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.
Author Chan, Dream L S
Wong, Kenneth KY
Mok, Chris KP
Ng, Siew C
Peng, Ye
Zhao, Shilin
Yan, Shuai
Ching, Jessica YL
Tun, Hein M
Zhang, Lin
Chan, Francis KL
Hui, David SC
Chen, Chunke
Fung, Adrian CH
Liu, Yingzhi
Li, Amy
Zhu, Jie
AuthorAffiliation 5 HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
8 Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
4 Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
6 School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
7 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
9 Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
2 State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
3 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 5 HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 1 Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 4 Microbiota I-Center (MagIC) , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 9 Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 7 Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 6 School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 10 Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 2 State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 8 Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
– name: 3 Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR , China
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  organization: Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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  givenname: Ye
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3791-2305
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  fullname: Peng, Ye
  organization: School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Lin
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1634-3780
  surname: Zhang
  fullname: Zhang, Lin
  organization: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 4
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  surname: Mok
  fullname: Mok, Chris KP
  organization: Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 5
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  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Shilin
  organization: School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Amy
  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 7
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  orcidid: 0000-0001-8257-2843
  surname: Ching
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  organization: Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 8
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  fullname: Liu, Yingzhi
  organization: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Shuai
  surname: Yan
  fullname: Yan, Shuai
  organization: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 10
  givenname: Dream L S
  surname: Chan
  fullname: Chan, Dream L S
  organization: Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 11
  givenname: Jie
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Jie
  organization: School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 12
  givenname: Chunke
  surname: Chen
  fullname: Chen, Chunke
  organization: Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 13
  givenname: Adrian CH
  surname: Fung
  fullname: Fung, Adrian CH
  organization: Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 14
  givenname: Kenneth KY
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7371-503X
  surname: Wong
  fullname: Wong, Kenneth KY
  organization: Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 15
  givenname: David SC
  surname: Hui
  fullname: Hui, David SC
  organization: Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 16
  givenname: Francis KL
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7388-2436
  surname: Chan
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  email: fklchan@cuhk.edu.hk
  organization: Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
– sequence: 17
  givenname: Hein M
  orcidid: 0000-0001-7597-5062
  surname: Tun
  fullname: Tun, Hein M
  email: heinmtun@hku.hk
  organization: School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35140064$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00947-8
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Keywords COVID-19
immune response
enteric bacterial microflora
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Snippet ObjectiveThe gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota...
The gut microbiota plays a key role in modulating host immune response. We conducted a prospective, observational study to examine gut microbiota composition...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Adverse events
Age
Alcohol use
Antibodies
Antibodies, Neutralizing
Antibodies, Viral
BNT162 Vaccine
Body mass index
Carbohydrate metabolism
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 vaccines
COVID-19 Vaccines - adverse effects
Diabetes
Drug dosages
enteric bacterial microflora
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Flagella
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gut microbiota
Humans
Hypertension
Immune response
Immunogenicity
Immunogenicity, Vaccine
Immunoglobulin G
Infections
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Laboratories
Metagenomics
Microbiomes
Microbiota
mRNA
mRNA Vaccines
Obesity
Overweight
Pili
Probiotics
Prospective Studies
Questionnaires
SARS-CoV-2
Serology
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Statistical analysis
Vaccines
Vaccines, Synthetic
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Title Gut microbiota composition is associated with SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity and adverse events
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