Use of caffeinated substances and risk of crashes in long distance drivers of commercial vehicles: case-control study
Objective To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers.Design Case-control study.Setting New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia.Participants 530 long distance driver...
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Published in | BMJ (Online) Vol. 346; no. 7900; p. 13 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
British Medical Journal Publishing Group
19.03.2013
BMJ Publishing Group BMJ Publishing Group LTD |
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Abstract | Objective To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers.Design Case-control study.Setting New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia.Participants 530 long distance drivers of commercial vehicles who were recently involved in a crash attended by police (cases) and 517 control drivers who had not had a crash while driving a commercial vehicle in the past 12 months.Main outcome measure The likelihood of a crash associated with the use of substances containing caffeine after adjustment for factors including age, health disorders, sleep patterns, and symptoms of sleep disorders as well as exposures such as kilometres driven, hours slept, breaks taken, and night driving schedules.Results Forty three percent of drivers reported consuming substances containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, caffeine tablets, or energy drinks for the express purpose of staying awake. Only 3% reported using illegal stimulants such as amphetamine (“speed”); 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy); and cocaine. After adjustment for potential confounders, drivers who consumed caffeinated substances for this purpose had a 63% reduced likelihood of crashing (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.50) compared with drivers who did not take caffeinated substances.Conclusions Caffeinated substances are associated with a reduced risk of crashing for long distance commercial motor vehicle drivers. While comprehensive mandated strategies for fatigue management remain a priority, the use of caffeinated substances could be a useful adjunct strategy in the maintenance of alertness while driving. |
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AbstractList | STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between the use of substances containing caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance drivers of commercial motor vehicles? SUMMARY ANSWER Consuming caffeinated substances for the purpose of staying awake while driving can significantly reduce the risk of a crash. WHAT IS KNOWN AND WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Long distance drivers of commercial vehicles are at considerable risk of daytime fatigue and are known to use stimulants and substances containing caffeine to stay awake. The effectiveness of caffeine for enhancing alertness during monotonous task performance has previously been demonstrated in laboratory and driving simulator settings. After adjustment for possible confounding factors, consumption of caffeinated substances to assist driving alertness was associated with a reduced risk of crashing among long distance commercial motor vehicle drivers. Objective To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers. Design Case-control study. Setting New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia. Participants 530 long distance drivers of commercial vehicles who were recently involved in a crash attended by police (cases) and 517 control drivers who had not had a crash while driving a commercial vehicle in the past 12 months. Main outcome measure The likelihood of a crash associated with the use of substances containing caffeine after adjustment for factors including age, health disorders, sleep patterns, and symptoms of sleep disorders as well as exposures such as kilometres driven, hours slept, breaks taken, and night driving schedules. Results Forty three percent of drivers reported consuming substances containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, caffeine tablets, or energy drinks for the express purpose of staying awake. Only 3% reported using illegal stimulants such as amphetamine (“speed”); 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy); and cocaine. After adjustment for potential confounders, drivers who consumed caffeinated substances for this purpose had a 63% reduced likelihood of crashing (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.50) compared with drivers who did not take caffeinated substances. Conclusions Caffeinated substances are associated with a reduced risk of crashing for long distance commercial motor vehicle drivers. While comprehensive mandated strategies for fatigue management remain a priority, the use of caffeinated substances could be a useful adjunct strategy in the maintenance of alertness while driving. To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers. Case-control study. New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia. 530 long distance drivers of commercial vehicles who were recently involved in a crash attended by police (cases) and 517 control drivers who had not had a crash while driving a commercial vehicle in the past 12 months. The likelihood of a crash associated with the use of substances containing caffeine after adjustment for factors including age, health disorders, sleep patterns, and symptoms of sleep disorders as well as exposures such as kilometres driven, hours slept, breaks taken, and night driving schedules. Forty three percent of drivers reported consuming substances containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, caffeine tablets, or energy drinks for the express purpose of staying awake. Only 3% reported using illegal stimulants such as amphetamine ("speed"); 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy); and cocaine. After adjustment for potential confounders, drivers who consumed caffeinated substances for this purpose had a 63% reduced likelihood of crashing (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.50) compared with drivers who did not take caffeinated substances. Caffeinated substances are associated with a reduced risk of crashing for long distance commercial motor vehicle drivers. While comprehensive mandated strategies for fatigue management remain a priority, the use of caffeinated substances could be a useful adjunct strategy in the maintenance of alertness while driving. OBJECTIVETo determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers.DESIGNCase-control study.SETTINGNew South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA), Australia.PARTICIPANTS530 long distance drivers of commercial vehicles who were recently involved in a crash attended by police (cases) and 517 control drivers who had not had a crash while driving a commercial vehicle in the past 12 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREThe likelihood of a crash associated with the use of substances containing caffeine after adjustment for factors including age, health disorders, sleep patterns, and symptoms of sleep disorders as well as exposures such as kilometres driven, hours slept, breaks taken, and night driving schedules.RESULTSForty three percent of drivers reported consuming substances containing caffeine, such as tea, coffee, caffeine tablets, or energy drinks for the express purpose of staying awake. Only 3% reported using illegal stimulants such as amphetamine ("speed"); 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy); and cocaine. After adjustment for potential confounders, drivers who consumed caffeinated substances for this purpose had a 63% reduced likelihood of crashing (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.27 to 0.50) compared with drivers who did not take caffeinated substances.CONCLUSIONSCaffeinated substances are associated with a reduced risk of crashing for long distance commercial motor vehicle drivers. While comprehensive mandated strategies for fatigue management remain a priority, the use of caffeinated substances could be a useful adjunct strategy in the maintenance of alertness while driving. |
Author | Sharwood, Lisa N Stevenson, Mark Ivers, Rebecca Boufous, Soufiane Elkington, Jane Meuleners, Lynn |
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BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23511947$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | Sharwood et al 2013 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd 2012 Copyright: 2013 © Sharwood et al 2013 |
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Snippet | Objective To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial... STUDY QUESTION Is there an association between the use of substances containing caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance drivers of commercial motor... To determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle drivers.... OBJECTIVETo determine whether there is an association between use of substances that contain caffeine and the risk of crash in long distance commercial vehicle... |
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SubjectTerms | Accidents, Traffic - prevention & control Accidents, Traffic - statistics & numerical data Adult Age Factors Alcohol Alertness Amphetamines Attention - drug effects Attention - physiology Automobile Driving - statistics & numerical data Beverages Caffeine Caffeine - administration & dosage Case control studies Cocaine Coffee Commercial vehicles Confidence Intervals Drug use Energy drinks Fatigue Female Humans Incidence Injury prevention Laboratories Long distance telephone services Male MDMA Middle Aged Motor vehicles New South Wales - epidemiology Odds Ratio Reference Values Risk Assessment Sex Factors Sleep Sleep disorders Stimulants Tablets Tea Time Factors Vehicles Western Australia - epidemiology |
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Title | Use of caffeinated substances and risk of crashes in long distance drivers of commercial vehicles: case-control study |
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