Current vitamin D status in European and Middle East countries and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency: a position statement of the European Calcified Tissue Society

• Published in: European journal of endocrinology Vol. 180; no. 4; pp. P23 - P54
• Main Authors: Lips, Paul, Cashman, Kevin D, Lamberg-Allardt, Christel, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike Annette, Obermayer-Pietsch, Barbara, Bianchi, Maria Luisa, Stepan, Jan, El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada, Bouillon, Roger
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Bioscientifica Ltd 01.04.2019; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Adolescents; Bone mineral density; Bread; Calcification; Calcinosis - blood; Calcinosis - epidemiology; Cereals; Children; Clinical trials; Dairy products; Dietary Supplements; Europe - epidemiology; Fractures; Humans; Immigrants; Infants; Intoxication; Middle East - epidemiology; Mineralization; Older people; Position Statement; Pregnancy; Quality assurance; Risk groups; Skeletal muscle; Societies, Medical - standards; Standardization; Vitamin D; Vitamin D - administration & dosage; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - blood; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology; Vitamin D Deficiency - therapy; Vitamin deficiency; Middle East; Europe

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in <20% of the population in Northern Europe, in 30–60% in Western, Southern and Eastern Europe and up to 80% in Middle East countries. Severe deficiency (serum...