"Non-Classical" Indication for Provocative Testing of Growth Hormone: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Adult Patients Under Replacement Therapy

• Published in: Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets Vol. 21; no. 8; p. 1406
• Main Authors: Mancini, Antonio, Bruno, Carmine, Vergani, Edoardo, Brunetti, Alessandro, Palmisano, Gerardo, Pontecorvi, Alfredo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United Arab Emirates 01.01.2021
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Arginine - pharmacology; Cohort Studies; Female; Growth Hormone - analysis; Growth Hormone - blood; Growth Hormone - deficiency; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone - pharmacology; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Human Growth Hormone - analysis; Human Growth Hormone - blood; Human Growth Hormone - therapeutic use; Humans; Hypopituitarism - diagnosis; Hypopituitarism - drug therapy; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Function Tests - methods; Pituitary Function Tests - standards; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult; metabolic syndrome; hypopituitarism; growth hormone; infertility; Pituitary; personalized medicine
• DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200929141847

Adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is considered a rare condition. Current guidelines state that GH provocative test is indicated in patients affected by organic hypothalamic/ pituitary disease or with a history of head injury, irradiation, hemorrhage or hypothalamic disease with multiple pituitary deficiencies. Nevertheless, the clinical picture related to GHD may be subtle. We have retrospectively evaluated the indication to GHRH+arginine test in our monocentric cohort of patients treated with hrGH in order to assess whether other conditions had been considered as a rationale for provocative testing. Ninety-six patients (51 females and 45 males), aged 19-67 years were included. The GHRH+arginine test had been performed in 29 patients with organic hypothalamic/pituitary disease and in 4 patients for Childhood onset-GHD (CoGHD). In other patients, the diagnosis was suspected for "non classical" reasons in the clinical picture suspected for GHD. Classical indications included previously known primary empty sella (n=15), pituitary surgery (n=14), pituitary cyst (n=1), non-secreting pituitary tumors (n=3) but more than half of the patients (57.3%) had been studied for "non classical" indications: metabolic syndrome (n=25), asthenia (n=13), heart failure (n=4), osteoporosis (n=6), unexplained hypoglycaemia (n=1) and infertility (n=6). The latter represented a significant percentage in the male subgroup under 45 ys. IGF-1 levels were lower than 50th percentile in 63% of patients. Finally, among non-classical reasons, organic pituitary disease was discovered in 22 patients. Idiopathic GHD may be unrecognized due to its subtle manifestations and that an extended use of dynamic GH tests may reveal such conditions. A potential field of investigation could be to identify subsets of patients with clinical conditions caused or worsened by underlying unrecognized GHD.