Malaria trends in districts that were targeted and not-targeted for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children under 5 years of age in Guinea, 2014–2021

BackgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3–59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission.ObjectiveWe assessed the programmatic impact of S...

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Published inBMJ global health Vol. 9; no. 2; p. e013898
Main Authors Bisanzio, Donal, Keita, Mamadou Sitan, Camara, Alioune, Guilavogui, Timothée, Diallo, Thierno, Barry, Hamidou, Preston, Adam, Bangoura, Lamine, Mbounga, Eliane, Florey, Lia S, Taton, Jean-Luc, Fofana, Aissata, Reithinger, Richard
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Abstract BackgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3–59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission.ObjectiveWe assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea’s context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC.MethodsUsing routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence.ResultsThe CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=−7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=−3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=−22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=−5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age.ConclusionEven in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
AbstractList Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3-59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission. We assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea's context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC. Using routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence. The CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=-7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=-3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=-22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=-5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age. Even in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
BACKGROUNDSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3-59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission.OBJECTIVEWe assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea's context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC.METHODSUsing routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence.RESULTSThe CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=-7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=-3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=-22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=-5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age.CONCLUSIONEven in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
BackgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3–59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission.ObjectiveWe assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea’s context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC.MethodsUsing routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence.ResultsThe CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=−7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=−3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=−22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=−5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age.ConclusionEven in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3–59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission.Objective We assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea’s context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC.Methods Using routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence.Results The CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=−7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=−3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=−22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=−5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age.Conclusion Even in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting children aged 3–59 months (CU5) in districts with high and seasonal malaria transmission. Objective We assessed the programmatic impact of SMC in Guinea’s context of scaled up malaria intervention programming by comparing malaria-related outcomes in 14 districts that had or had not been targeted for SMC. Methods Using routine health management information system data, we compared the district-level monthly test positivity rate (TPR) and monthly uncomplicated and severe malaria incidence for the whole population and disaggregated age groups (<5 years and ≥5 years of age). Changes in malaria indicators through time were analysed by calculating the district-level compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2014 to 2021; we used statistical analyses to describe trends in tested clinical cases, TPR, uncomplicated malaria incidence and severe malaria incidence. Results The CAGR of TPR of all age groups was statistically lower in SMC (median=−7.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=−3.0%) districts. Similarly, the CAGR in uncomplicated malaria incidence was significantly lower in SMC (median=1.8%) compared with non-SMC (median=11.5%) districts. For both TPR and uncomplicated malaria incidence, the observed difference was also significant when age disaggregated. The CAGR of severe malaria incidence showed that all age groups experienced a decline in severe malaria in both SMC and non-SMC districts. However, this decline was significantly higher in SMC (median=−22.3%) than in non-SMC (median=−5.1%) districts for the entire population, as well as both CU5 and people over 5 years of age. Conclusion Even in an operational programming context, adding SMC to the malaria intervention package yields a positive epidemiological impact and results in a greater reduction in TPR, as well as the incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria in CU5.
Author Fofana, Aissata
Camara, Alioune
Preston, Adam
Bangoura, Lamine
Reithinger, Richard
Diallo, Thierno
Guilavogui, Timothée
Mbounga, Eliane
Florey, Lia S
Taton, Jean-Luc
Barry, Hamidou
Keita, Mamadou Sitan
Bisanzio, Donal
AuthorAffiliation 3 Programme National de la Lutte contre le Paludisme , Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique , Conakry , Guinea
2 RTI International , Conakry , Guinea
4 Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique , Conakry , Guinea
7 US Agency for International Development , Washington , District of Columbia , USA
5 RTI International , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
1 RTI International , Washington , District of Columbia , USA
6 President's Malaria Initiative , US Agency for International Development , Conakry , Guinea
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique , Conakry , Guinea
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38413098$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords Public Health
Control strategies
Prevention strategies
Malaria
Language English
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Snippet BackgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC...
Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC targeting...
Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC...
BACKGROUNDSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC...
Background Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a main intervention to prevent and reduce childhood malaria. Since 2015, Guinea has implemented SMC...
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SubjectTerms Age
Caregivers
Control strategies
Disease transmission
Drug dosages
Epidemics
Health facilities
Intervention
Malaria
Management information systems
Mortality
Nurses
Original Research
Prevention strategies
Public Health
Software
Statistical analysis
Vector-borne diseases
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Title Malaria trends in districts that were targeted and not-targeted for seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children under 5 years of age in Guinea, 2014–2021
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013898
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38413098
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https://search.proquest.com/docview/2932939839
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10900330
https://doaj.org/article/833aef0c802640ffbf695f2cac9a955e
Volume 9
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