Genetic disenhancement and xenotransplantation: diminishing pigs’ capacity to experience suffering through genetic engineering

One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities and undergo a range of medical tests before having their organs removed and being euthanised...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of medical ethics Vol. 50; no. 11; pp. 729 - 733
Main Authors Rodger, Daniel, Hurst, Daniel J, Bobier, Christopher A, Symons, Xavier
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Institute of Medical Ethics 01.11.2024
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
Subjects
Animal Welfare - ethics
Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
Biomedical Enhancement
Blood & organ donations
Breeding
Capacity
Clinical trials
Enhancement
Ethics
Feature article
Genetic engineering
Genetic Engineering - ethics
Hogs
Humans
Kidney
Medical ethics
Pain
Researchers
Swine
Transplantation
Transplantation, Heterologous - ethics
Transplants & implants
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Transplantation
Capacity
Enhancement
Biomedical Enhancement
Kidney
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities and undergo a range of medical tests before having their organs removed and being euthanised. As a result, they will have significantly shortened life expectancies, will experience pain and suffering and be subject to a degree of social and environmental deprivation. To minimise the impact of these factors, we propose the following option for consideration—ethically defensible xenotransplantation should entail the use of genetic disenhancement if it becomes possible to do so and if that pain and suffering cannot be eliminated by other means. Despite not being a morally ideal ‘solution’, it is morally better to prevent unavoidable pain until a viable non-animal alternative becomes available.
AbstractList One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities and undergo a range of medical tests before having their organs removed and being euthanised. As a result, they will have significantly shortened life expectancies, will experience pain and suffering and be subject to a degree of social and environmental deprivation. To minimise the impact of these factors, we propose the following option for consideration-ethically defensible xenotransplantation should entail the use of genetic disenhancement it becomes possible to do so and if that pain and suffering cannot be eliminated by other means. Despite not being a morally ideal 'solution', it morally better to prevent unavoidable pain until a viable non-animal alternative becomes available.
One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities and undergo a range of medical tests before having their organs removed and being euthanised. As a result, they will have significantly shortened life expectancies, will experience pain and suffering and be subject to a degree of social and environmental deprivation. To minimise the impact of these factors, we propose the following option for consideration—ethically defensible xenotransplantation should entail the use of genetic disenhancement if it becomes possible to do so and if that pain and suffering cannot be eliminated by other means. Despite not being a morally ideal ‘solution’, it is morally better to prevent unavoidable pain until a viable non-animal alternative becomes available.
One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities and undergo a range of medical tests before having their organs removed and being euthanised. As a result, they will have significantly shortened life expectancies, will experience pain and suffering and be subject to a degree of social and environmental deprivation. To minimise the impact of these factors, we propose the following option for consideration-ethically defensible xenotransplantation should entail the use of genetic disenhancement if it becomes possible to do so and if that pain and suffering cannot be eliminated by other means. Despite not being a morally ideal 'solution', it is morally better to prevent unavoidable pain until a viable non-animal alternative becomes available.One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to be raised in designated pathogen-free facilities and undergo a range of medical tests before having their organs removed and being euthanised. As a result, they will have significantly shortened life expectancies, will experience pain and suffering and be subject to a degree of social and environmental deprivation. To minimise the impact of these factors, we propose the following option for consideration-ethically defensible xenotransplantation should entail the use of genetic disenhancement if it becomes possible to do so and if that pain and suffering cannot be eliminated by other means. Despite not being a morally ideal 'solution', it is morally better to prevent unavoidable pain until a viable non-animal alternative becomes available.
Author Symons, Xavier
Bobier, Christopher A
Hurst, Daniel J
Rodger, Daniel
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Daniel
  orcidid: 0000-0002-2121-7167
  surname: Rodger
  fullname: Rodger, Daniel
  email: daniel.rodger@lsbu.ac.uk
  organization: Institute of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Daniel J
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0592-2592
  surname: Hurst
  fullname: Hurst, Daniel J
  organization: Department of Family Medicine, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Christopher A
  surname: Bobier
  fullname: Bobier, Christopher A
  organization: Saint Mary's University of Minnesota, Winona, Minnesota, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Xavier
  surname: Symons
  fullname: Symons, Xavier
  organization: Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38395623$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp9kc1q3DAUhUVJaSbTrrsrgm4KxY1-LNnqroQ2CQS6addClq89GsaSK8mQ7PIafb0-SZWZCYVAqo0E9zv3Xp1zhk588IDQW0o-Ucrl-XaCihHGK0qUUPULtKJ1w6uaieYErQgnspItIafoLKUtKYe16hU65S1XQjK-QveX4CE7i3uXwG-MtzCBz9j4Ht-CDzkan-ad8dlkF_znwk3Ou7RxfsSzG9Of-9_YmtlYl-9wDhhuZ4gOSh-clmEo7wLmTQzLuMHjcRj40XnY116jl4PZJXhzvNfo57evPy6uqpvvl9cXX26qruYkV8x2NRFGDqITRDWKDXSoawqGGtEzy20tO2NKrQWrSKtACdNw2fTQN6btJV-jD4e-cwy_FkhZTy5Z2JWvQViS5pSqhkrSqIK-f4JuwxJ92W5PsZZTIv9HMVWMZ1SViNbo3ZFaugl6PUc3mXinHxMogDgANoaUIgy6OLn3uljvdpoS_ZC0Lknrh6T1IemiO3-ie2z9vOLjQdFN23-7Pkf_BX7duuQ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1111_xen_12883
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110199
crossref_primary_10_1111_xen_70027
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110362
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110187
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110495
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110202
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2024_110207
Cites_doi 10.1017/S0963180121001055
10.1002/prp2.817
10.1007/s11019-023-10171-x
10.3390/ph3072291
10.3389/fimmu.2022.900594
10.34067/KID.0002502021
10.1038/s41586-018-0765-z
10.1136/jme.24.1.18
10.3390/ani9040154
10.2147/RMHP.S270234
10.1038/d41586-023-03176-2
10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.022
10.1056/NEJMoa2201422
10.1007/s11569-012-0140-8
10.1007/s11569-008-0052-9
10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2774
10.1007/s10892-022-09404-7
10.1007/s11248-022-00306-w
10.3390/ijms18010223
10.1007/s11569-018-0323-z
10.1016/j.healun.2020.05.004
10.1111/nhs.12994
10.17221/2980-VETMED
10.1111/aor.14255
10.1111/ajt.16930
10.1007/s12152-009-9048-6
10.1056/NEJMoa2120238
10.1007/s10806-018-9719-6
10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_449-1
10.1007/978-3-031-29071-8_8
10.2307/3528292
10.4324/9781003204152
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
2024 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
Copyright_xml – notice: Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
– notice: 2024 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
0-V
3V.
7RV
7X7
7XB
88E
88I
88J
8AF
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8G5
AABKS
ABSDQ
ABUWG
AFKRA
ALSLI
AVQMV
AZQEC
BENPR
BTHHO
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
GNUQQ
GUQSH
HCIFZ
K50
K9.
KB0
M0S
M1D
M1P
M2O
M2P
M2R
MBDVC
NAPCQ
PEJEM
PGAAH
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PKEHL
PMKZF
POGQB
PPXIY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PRQQA
Q9U
7X8
DOI 10.1136/jme-2023-109594
DatabaseName CrossRef
Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection【Remote access available】
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Nursing & Allied Health Database
Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
Science Database (Alumni Edition)
Social Science Database (Alumni Edition)
STEM Database
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Research Library (Alumni)
Philosophy Collection
Philosophy Database
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Social Science Premium Collection
Arts Premium Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
BMJ Journals
ProQuest One
ProQuest Central Korea
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Research Library
SciTech Premium Collection
Art, Design & Architecture Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni)
Arts & Humanities Database
Medical Database
Research Library
Science Database
Social Science Database
Research Library (Corporate)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest One Visual Arts & Design
ProQuest One Religion & Philosophy
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Digital Collections
ProQuest Sociology & Social Sciences Collection
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
Research Library Prep
ProQuest Central Student
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest AP Science
SciTech Premium Collection
Sociology & Social Sciences Collection
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest One Religion & Philosophy
Philosophy Collection
Health Research Premium Collection
Arts Premium Collection
Health & Medical Research Collection
ProQuest Central (New)
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
Social Science Premium Collection
ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Social Science Journals
ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
BMJ Journals
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni)
Arts & Humanities Full Text
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Sociology & Social Sciences Collection
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest Social Science Journals (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest One Health & Nursing
Research Library (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Research Library
ProQuest Art, Design and Architecture Collection
ProQuest One Social Sciences
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Science Journals
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest Digital Collections
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Visual Arts & Design
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
Philosophy Database
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList MEDLINE
CrossRef

Research Library Prep
MEDLINE - Academic
Research Library Prep
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Central
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Philosophy
EISSN 1473-4257
EndPage 733
ExternalDocumentID 38395623
10_1136_jme_2023_109594
medethics
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations United Kingdom--UK
United States--US
GeographicLocations_xml – name: United Kingdom--UK
– name: United States--US
GroupedDBID ---
-ET
-~X
.CB
.GJ
.VT
0-V
0R~
18M
1CY
29L
2WC
354
39C
3EH
4.4
40O
53G
5GY
5RE
5VS
6P2
7RV
7X7
7~S
88E
88I
8AF
8FI
8FJ
8G5
8GL
8R4
8R5
AABCJ
AABKS
AACGO
AAHLL
AAKAS
AANCE
AAOJX
AAWJN
AAWTL
ABAAH
ABBHK
ABJNI
ABKDF
ABMQD
ABPLY
ABSDQ
ABTFR
ABTLG
ABUWG
ABVAJ
ABXSQ
ACGFO
ACGFS
ACGOD
ACGTL
ACHIC
ACHQT
ACHTP
ACMFJ
ACOAB
ACOFX
ACQSR
ACTZY
ADBBV
ADCEG
ADFRT
ADMHG
ADQXQ
ADULT
ADZCM
AEKJL
AENEX
AEUPB
AEXZC
AFKRA
AFWFF
AGNAY
AGQPQ
AHMBA
AHNKE
AHQMW
AJYBZ
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ALSLI
AQVQM
ARALO
ASPBG
AVQMV
AVWKF
AZFZN
AZQEC
BAWUL
BCR
BENPR
BES
BKOMP
BLC
BLJBA
BOMFT
BPHCQ
BTFSW
BTHHO
BVXVI
C45
CAG
CCPQU
COF
CS3
CXRWF
DCCCD
DIK
DU5
DWQXO
E.L
E3Z
EBS
EJD
EX3
F5P
FEDTE
FYUFA
GICCO
GNUQQ
GUQSH
GX1
H13
HAJ
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HQ3
HTVGU
HVGLF
HYE
HZ~
IAO
ICJ
IEA
IH2
IHR
IMI
INH
INR
IOF
IPSME
IPY
IRE
ITC
J5H
JAAYA
JBMMH
JENOY
JHFFW
JKQEH
JLS
JLXEF
JPM
JSG
JST
K50
KQ8
L7B
LSO
M1D
M1P
M2O
M2P
M2R
MVM
N9A
NAPCQ
NTWIH
NXWIF
O9-
OK1
OVD
P2P
PCD
PEA
PHGZT
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
Q2X
R53
RHI
RMJ
RPM
RV8
RWL
RXW
SA0
TAE
TEORI
TN5
TR2
UAW
UBC
UKHRP
UPT
UYXKK
V24
VM9
VQG
W8F
WH7
WOW
X7L
XJT
YFH
YQT
YQY
Z0Y
ZCG
ZGI
AAYXX
ACQHZ
AERUA
CITATION
PEJEM
PGAAH
PHGZM
PJZUB
PMKZF
PPXIY
PRQQA
CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
3V.
7XB
8FK
K9.
MBDVC
PKEHL
POGQB
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-b430t-2cb405a6f5b509792f1f441ea1a5d2c3c46baab508ec9089e95a7367ded7a8d63
IEDL.DBID 7X7
ISSN 0306-6800
1473-4257
IngestDate Wed Jul 30 11:13:18 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 19:57:53 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 22:49:58 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 03 07:02:22 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 14 00:05:34 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:13:10 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:50:10 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 11
Keywords Transplantation
Capacity
Enhancement
Biomedical Enhancement
Kidney
Language English
License Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b430t-2cb405a6f5b509792f1f441ea1a5d2c3c46baab508ec9089e95a7367ded7a8d63
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-2121-7167
0000-0003-0592-2592
OpenAccessLink https://jme.bmj.com/content/medethics/early/2024/02/22/jme-2023-109594.full.pdf
PMID 38395623
PQID 2930621911
PQPubID 2041060
PageCount 5
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_3119716079
proquest_journals_3119283106
proquest_journals_2930621911
pubmed_primary_38395623
crossref_citationtrail_10_1136_jme_2023_109594
crossref_primary_10_1136_jme_2023_109594
bmj_journals_10_1136_jme_2023_109594
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2024-11-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2024-11-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2024
  text: 2024-11-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace England
PublicationPlace_xml – name: England
– name: London
PublicationTitle Journal of medical ethics
PublicationTitleAbbrev J Med Ethics
PublicationTitleAlternate J Med Ethics
PublicationYear 2024
Publisher BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Institute of Medical Ethics
BMJ Publishing Group LTD
Publisher_xml – name: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Institute of Medical Ethics
– name: BMJ Publishing Group LTD
References Shriver (R4) 2009; 2
Locke, Kumar, Anderson (R17) 2023; 158
Rauser, Stehlik, Proks (R31) 2010; 55
Johnson (R3) 2022; 31
Moen, Devolder (R27) 2022; 26
Hörl (R28) 2010; 3
Montgomery, Stern, Lonze (R15) 2022; 386
Entwistle, Sade, Drake (R36) 2022; 46
Hughes (R22) 1998; 24
Carrier, Verma, Mohiuddin (R5) 2022; 13
Drożdżal, Lechowicz, Szostak (R30) 2021; 9
Griffith, Goerlich, Singh (R18) 2022; 387
Shriver, McConnachie (R33) 2018; 31
Henschke (R40) 2012; 6
Rodger, Cooper (R2) 2023; 25
Crespo, Mazuecos, Domínguez-Gil (R9) 2021; 2
House, Wanner, Sarnak (R7) 2019; 95
Reichart, Längin, Radan (R13) 2020; 39
Fischer, Schnieke (R6) 2022; 31
Längin, Mayr, Reichart (R12) 2018; 564
Murphy, Kabasenche (R37) 2018; 12
Kozlov (R14) 2023; 622
Bovenkerk, Brom, van den Bergh (R39) 2002; 32
Porrett, Orandi, Kumar (R16) 2022; 22
Etheredge (R8) 2021; 14
Rodger, Venter (R11) 2023; 26
Manesh, Samani, Manesh (R23) 2014; 16
Thompson (R32) 2008; 2
Devolder, Eggel (R34) 2019; 9(4)
Mallappallil, Sabu, Friedman (R29) 2017; 18
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.22
Mallappallil (2025081119103105000_50.11.729.29) 2017; 18
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.21
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.24
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.40
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.20
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.41
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.6
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.5
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.8
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.7
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.9
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.2
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.26
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.1
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.25
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.4
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.28
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.3
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.27
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.11
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.33
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.10
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.32
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.13
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.35
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.12
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.31
Manesh (2025081119103105000_50.11.729.23) 2014; 16
Bovenkerk (2025081119103105000_50.11.729.39) 2002; 32
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.19
Drożdżal (2025081119103105000_50.11.729.30) 2021; 9
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.18
Devolder (2025081119103105000_50.11.729.34) 2019; 9(4)
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.15
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.37
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.14
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.36
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.17
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.16
2025081119103105000_50.11.729.38
References_xml – volume: 31
  start-page: 355
  year: 2022
  ident: R3
  article-title: Existing ethical tensions in Xenotransplantation
  publication-title: Camb Q Healthc Ethics
  doi: 10.1017/S0963180121001055
– volume: 9
  year: 2021
  ident: R30
  article-title: Kidney damage from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-myth or truth? review of selected literature
  publication-title: Pharmacol Res Perspect
  doi: 10.1002/prp2.817
– volume: 26
  start-page: 625
  year: 2023
  ident: R11
  article-title: A fair exchange: why living kidney donors in England should be financially compensated
  publication-title: Med Health Care Philos
  doi: 10.1007/s11019-023-10171-x
– volume: 3
  start-page: 2291
  year: 2010
  ident: R28
  article-title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the kidney
  publication-title: Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
  doi: 10.3390/ph3072291
– volume: 13
  year: 2022
  ident: R5
  article-title: Xenotransplantation: a new era
  publication-title: Front Immunol
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900594
– volume: 2
  start-page: 1840
  year: 2021
  ident: R9
  article-title: Global perspective on kidney transplantation: Spain
  publication-title: Kidney360
  doi: 10.34067/KID.0002502021
– volume: 564
  start-page: 430
  year: 2018
  ident: R12
  article-title: Consistent success in life-supporting porcine cardiac Xenotransplantation
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0765-z
– volume: 24
  start-page: 18
  year: 1998
  ident: R22
  article-title: Xenografting: ethical issues
  publication-title: J Med Ethics
  doi: 10.1136/jme.24.1.18
– volume: 9(4)
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: R34
  article-title: No Pain, No Gain? In Defence of Genetically Disenhancing (Most) Research Animals
  publication-title: Animals (Basel)
  doi: 10.3390/ani9040154
– volume: 14
  start-page: 1985
  year: 2021
  ident: R8
  article-title: Assessing global organ donation policies: opt-in vs opt-out
  publication-title: Risk Manag Healthc Policy
  doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S270234
– volume: 622
  start-page: 437
  year: 2023
  ident: R14
  article-title: Monkey survives for two years after gene-edited pig-kidney transplant
  publication-title: Nature
  doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-03176-2
– volume: 95
  start-page: 1304
  year: 2019
  ident: R7
  article-title: Heart failure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference
  publication-title: Kidney Int
  doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.022
– volume: 387
  start-page: 35
  year: 2022
  ident: R18
  article-title: Genetically modified porcine-to-human cardiac Xenotransplantation
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201422
– volume: 6
  start-page: 55
  year: 2012
  ident: R40
  article-title: Making sense of animal Disenhancement
  publication-title: Nanoethics
  doi: 10.1007/s11569-012-0140-8
– volume: 16
  start-page: 353
  year: 2014
  ident: R23
  article-title: Ethical issues of transplanting organs from transgenic animals into human beings
  publication-title: Cell J
– volume: 2
  start-page: 305
  year: 2008
  ident: R32
  article-title: The opposite of human Enhancement: nanotechnology and the blind chicken problem
  publication-title: Nanoethics
  doi: 10.1007/s11569-008-0052-9
– volume: 158
  start-page: 1106
  year: 2023
  ident: R17
  article-title: Normal graft function after pig-to-human kidney Xenotransplant
  publication-title: JAMA Surg
  doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2774
– volume: 26
  start-page: 543
  year: 2022
  ident: R27
  article-title: Palliative farming
  publication-title: J Ethics
  doi: 10.1007/s10892-022-09404-7
– volume: 31
  start-page: 391
  year: 2022
  ident: R6
  article-title: Xenotransplantation becoming reality
  publication-title: Transgenic Res
  doi: 10.1007/s11248-022-00306-w
– volume: 18
  year: 2017
  ident: R29
  article-title: What do we know about opioids and the kidney
  publication-title: Int J Mol Sci
  doi: 10.3390/ijms18010223
– volume: 12
  start-page: 225
  year: 2018
  ident: R37
  article-title: Animal Disenhancement in moral context
  publication-title: Nanoethics
  doi: 10.1007/s11569-018-0323-z
– volume: 39
  start-page: 751
  year: 2020
  ident: R13
  article-title: Pig-to-non-human Primate heart transplantation: the final step toward clinical Xenotransplantation
  publication-title: J Heart Lung Transplant
  doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.05.004
– volume: 25
  start-page: 161
  year: 2023
  ident: R2
  article-title: Kidney Xenotransplantation: future clinical reality or science fiction
  publication-title: Nurs Health Sci
  doi: 10.1111/nhs.12994
– volume: 55
  start-page: 438
  year: 2010
  ident: R31
  article-title: Effect of seven-day administration of Carprofen or Meloxicam on renal function in clinically healthy miniature pigs
  publication-title: Vet Med
  doi: 10.17221/2980-VETMED
– volume: 46
  start-page: 987
  year: 2022
  ident: R36
  article-title: Clinical Xenotransplantation seems close: ethical issues persist
  publication-title: Artif Organs
  doi: 10.1111/aor.14255
– volume: 22
  start-page: 1037
  year: 2022
  ident: R16
  article-title: First clinical-grade porcine kidney Xenotransplant using a human decedent model
  publication-title: Am J Transplant
  doi: 10.1111/ajt.16930
– volume: 32
  start-page: 16
  year: 2002
  ident: R39
  article-title: “Brave new birds. the use of 'animal integrity' in animal ethics”
  publication-title: Hastings Cent Rep
– volume: 2
  start-page: 115
  year: 2009
  ident: R4
  article-title: Knocking out pain in livestock: can technology succeed where morality has stalled
  publication-title: Neuroethics
  doi: 10.1007/s12152-009-9048-6
– volume: 386
  start-page: 1889
  year: 2022
  ident: R15
  article-title: Results of two cases of pig-to-human kidney Xenotransplantation
  publication-title: N Engl J Med
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2120238
– volume: 31
  start-page: 161
  year: 2018
  ident: R33
  article-title: Genetically modifying livestock for improved welfare: A path forward
  publication-title: J Agric Environ Ethics
  doi: 10.1007/s10806-018-9719-6
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.5
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900594
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.24
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-05544-2_449-1
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.16
  doi: 10.1111/ajt.16930
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.2
  doi: 10.1111/nhs.12994
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.18
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201422
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.22
  doi: 10.1136/jme.24.1.18
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.37
  doi: 10.1007/s11569-018-0323-z
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.9
  doi: 10.34067/KID.0002502021
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.26
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-29071-8_8
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.14
  doi: 10.1038/d41586-023-03176-2
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.6
  doi: 10.1007/s11248-022-00306-w
– volume: 16
  start-page: 353
  year: 2014
  ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.23
  article-title: Ethical issues of transplanting organs from transgenic animals into human beings
  publication-title: Cell J
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.35
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.21
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.11
  doi: 10.1007/s11019-023-10171-x
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.13
  doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.05.004
– volume: 32
  start-page: 16
  year: 2002
  ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.39
  article-title: “Brave new birds. the use of 'animal integrity' in animal ethics”
  publication-title: Hastings Cent Rep
  doi: 10.2307/3528292
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.33
  doi: 10.1007/s10806-018-9719-6
– volume: 9
  year: 2021
  ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.30
  article-title: Kidney damage from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-myth or truth? review of selected literature
  publication-title: Pharmacol Res Perspect
  doi: 10.1002/prp2.817
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.28
  doi: 10.3390/ph3072291
– volume: 18
  year: 2017
  ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.29
  article-title: What do we know about opioids and the kidney
  publication-title: Int J Mol Sci
  doi: 10.3390/ijms18010223
– volume: 9(4)
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.34
  article-title: No Pain, No Gain? In Defence of Genetically Disenhancing (Most) Research Animals
  publication-title: Animals (Basel)
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.17
  doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2774
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.25
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.8
  doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S270234
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.12
  doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0765-z
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.32
  doi: 10.1007/s11569-008-0052-9
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.36
  doi: 10.1111/aor.14255
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.10
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.3
  doi: 10.1017/S0963180121001055
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.1
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.7
  doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.022
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.4
  doi: 10.1007/s12152-009-9048-6
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.38
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.27
  doi: 10.1007/s10892-022-09404-7
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.40
  doi: 10.1007/s11569-012-0140-8
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.19
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.20
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.41
  doi: 10.4324/9781003204152
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.31
  doi: 10.17221/2980-VETMED
– ident: 2025081119103105000_50.11.729.15
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2120238
SSID ssj0000289
Score 2.4357414
Snippet One objection to xenotransplantation is that it will require the large-scale breeding, raising and killing of genetically modified pigs. The pigs will need to...
SourceID proquest
pubmed
crossref
bmj
SourceType Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
Publisher
StartPage 729
SubjectTerms Animal Welfare - ethics
Animals
Animals, Genetically Modified
Biomedical Enhancement
Blood & organ donations
Breeding
Capacity
Clinical trials
Enhancement
Ethics
Feature article
Genetic engineering
Genetic Engineering - ethics
Hogs
Humans
Kidney
Medical ethics
Pain
Researchers
Swine
Transplantation
Transplantation, Heterologous - ethics
Transplants & implants
Title Genetic disenhancement and xenotransplantation: diminishing pigs’ capacity to experience suffering through genetic engineering
URI https://jme.bmj.com/content/50/11/729.full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38395623
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2930621911
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3119283106
https://www.proquest.com/docview/3119716079
Volume 50
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1NT-MwEB3xIa24rBaWXboLyCv1wMVLYyd2wwXxKYQEqhBIvUV24oBQm3S3qbR742_w9_glzCRuKyTKMfLEcTP2zKvHeQ-gnUXKCYyNFP26PBRWcYt5nkcmUFrIvNPJ61O-1-riLrzsR32_4Tb2xyqnMbEO1FmZ0h75PqaljsLlFQSHoz-cVKOouuolNJZhlajL6EiX7ut5JBa1BB7BYq4QGXlqn0Cq_ceh46QcjmEojkixeNkOH9_mpgWAs04851_gs0eM7Khx8TosuWIDPl35mvgGrPWmagT_v8IT0UijIaPCS_FALqXtP2aKjP1zRVnVXOYD03xwVBygXU0uQvtQbIS_9uXpmaWYQFNE56wqmZtRIbPxhLRUyNCL-7B7_zA3JzXchLvzs9uTC-5FFrgNZafiIrWI2YzKI4vYQcciD3KESM4EJspEKtNQWWOwretSqhG6ODJaKp25TJtupuQ3WCnKwm0Bw14ydHvshMU-he2aWEuZY19OCxuJFrTxJSd-kYyT-v-HVAn6IiFfJI0vWvB76oUk9UTlpJcxWHzD3uyGUcPRsdh0e-rW-TjmU-vdZolTS5Aem2rBr1kzrkIqrZjClZPGRhNXX9yC781smQ1FIgYllPnj42f_hDUcaNh857gNK9XfidtBwFPZ3XpW78Lq8dl17wavroLTV6HpAEo
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtQwFL1qiwTd8CiPDhQwUpHYeDqxE2eChBCiVFPaqVi0Unep7TigPpKByQjKqr_BT_Ar_ANfwr1xMiMQw64L1nYcx7mP49c5AOtZpJzA2EjRr89DYRQ3mOd5pAMVC5n3enl9yndPDQ7Ct4fR4QJ8b-_C0LHKNibWgTorLa2Rb2Ba6il0ryB4OfrISTWKdldbCQ1vFjvu_DNO2cYvtjfx_z4VYuvN_usBb1QFuAllr-LCGgQpWuWRwWQZJyIPcsQETgc6yoSVNlRGayzrO0ubYi6JdCxVnLks1v1MSWx3Ea6QdBd51DDYnEV-UUvuEQznCpFYQyUUSLVxfOY4KZVj2EsiUkheNGfHv-fCOQC3TnRbN-BHO0T-fMtJd1KZrv36B3vk_zOGN-F6g7nZK-8kt2DBFStwddicKliB5XetnsP5bbggIm6syGjrqvhATkELqEwXGfviirKq2eBPtb-yVTzHejU9C63ksRF-68-Lb8wiBLE4v2FVydyUTJqNJ6RGQxUbeST2vnmZm9FC3oGDSxmMu7BUlIVbBYatZOg4iRMG2xSmr5NYyhzbcrEwkejAOppN2oSZcVrP4KRK0bpSsq7UW1cHuq1dpbaheifFkdP5DzybPjDyLCfzq661tjXrx8yw_losA5xHkKKd6sCTaTHGMdqc0oUrJ75OTGyHSQfuefufdkUiiiecfv_f734M1wb7w910d3tv5wEsY6dDf2t0DZaqTxP3EOFjZR7VPsvg6LIN_Bc2N35O
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3NbtQwEB61Rap6QbT8LRQwUpG4mN3Ysb2phBCirFoKVQ9U2luwEwdUtcnCZkV762vwKjxOn4SZxNkVEsutZzuO5fn77LHnA9jJlfYCfSN5vyGPhdPcYZznykbaCFkMBkVzy_dI75_EH8ZqvAK_u7cwdK2y84mNo86rjM7I-xiWBhrNK4r6RbgWcbw3ejP5zolBijKtHZ1GqyKH_vInbt-mrw_2UNYvhBi9__xunweGAe5iOai5yBwCFqsL5TBwmkQUUYH4wNvIqlxkMou1sxbbhj6jBJlPlDVSm9znxg5zLXHcVbhlpIrIxszYLKKAaOj3CJJzjagslBWKpO6fnntOrOXoAhNFbMmr7vz077i4BOw2QW90B24HtMretuq1CSu-3IL1TyEfvwUbxx0TwuVduKIS1tiRUdKn_EbqREePzJY5u_BlVTd11M9s-9ip3MV-TWETOgNjE1zd66tfLMPgneHOgNUV8_MyzGw6Ix4X6hiIhdjX8DO_KKh4D05uZPnvw1pZlf4hMBwlR5VLvHA4pnBDmxgpCxzLG-GU6MEOLnIaDHSaNnsfqVOURUqySFtZ9OBVJ4U0C0XSiavjbPkHL-cfTNr6IMu7bndiXcxjodb_bJYRInDigtM9eD5vRg9AaR1b-mrW9jFUJzDpwYNWW-ZTkYh_CeE--v-_n8E6GlP68eDo8DFs4Jzj9rnlNqzVP2b-CeKu2j1tFJzBl5u2qD9ARz9a
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Genetic+disenhancement+and+xenotransplantation%3A+diminishing+pigs%E2%80%99+capacity+to+experience+suffering+through+genetic+engineering&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+ethics&rft.au=Rodger%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Hurst%2C+Daniel+J&rft.au=Bobier%2C+Christopher+A&rft.au=Symons%2C+Xavier&rft.date=2024-11-01&rft.pub=BMJ+Publishing+Group+LTD&rft.issn=0306-6800&rft.eissn=1473-4257&rft.spage=jme-2023-109594&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136%2Fjme-2023-109594&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0306-6800&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0306-6800&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0306-6800&client=summon