A Third Incubation Tactic: Delayed Incubation by American Robins (Turdus Migratorius)
Birds generally begin incubation either before laying the last egg of a clutch or when the last egg is laid. We report a third incubation tactic, in which incubation onset is delayed beyond the laying of the last egg. In an Illinois population of American Robins (Turdus migratorius ), ~20% of female...
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Published in | The Auk Vol. 126; no. 1; p. 141 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Waco
American Ornithological Society
01.01.2009
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Abstract | Birds generally begin incubation either before laying the last egg of a clutch or when the last egg is laid. We report a third incubation tactic, in which incubation onset is delayed beyond the laying of the last egg. In an Illinois population of American Robins (Turdus migratorius ), ~20% of females delayed the onset of incubation ≥4 days beyond clutch completion. Females that delayed incubation nested earlier and took longer to hatch their young than those that initiated incubation before or on the clutch completion date. Using a cost-benefit approach, we propose that predictably low levels of predation at the study site may have reduced the costs associated with delaying incubation. Females do not appear to pay any fitness costs associated with delaying incubation and may benefit by replenishing food reserves early in the season, when the energetic demands of incubation are higher. Alternatively, females may benefit by delaying incubation as a means of timing the hatching of young with availability of food resources. Although this delayed incubation may be attributable to the unique conditions of the study site, we suggest that this behavior may be found more widely, particularly in populations experiencing similar reductions in predation risk, such as populations in urban areas. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
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AbstractList | Birds generally begin incubation either before laying the last egg of a clutch or when the last egg is laid. We report a third incubation tactic, in which incubation onset is delayed beyond the laying of the last egg. In an Illinois population of American Robins (Turdus migratorius ), ~20% of females delayed the onset of incubation ≥4 days beyond clutch completion. Females that delayed incubation nested earlier and took longer to hatch their young than those that initiated incubation before or on the clutch completion date. Using a cost-benefit approach, we propose that predictably low levels of predation at the study site may have reduced the costs associated with delaying incubation. Females do not appear to pay any fitness costs associated with delaying incubation and may benefit by replenishing food reserves early in the season, when the energetic demands of incubation are higher. Alternatively, females may benefit by delaying incubation as a means of timing the hatching of young with availability of food resources. Although this delayed incubation may be attributable to the unique conditions of the study site, we suggest that this behavior may be found more widely, particularly in populations experiencing similar reductions in predation risk, such as populations in urban areas. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
Author | Weatherhead, Patrick J Rowe, Karen M C |
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CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s10336_023_02066_8 crossref_primary_10_1525_cond_2011_100162 crossref_primary_10_1676_09_199_1 crossref_primary_10_1098_rsbl_2020_0225 crossref_primary_10_1525_auk_2011_10208 crossref_primary_10_1093_iob_obaa014 crossref_primary_10_1080_00063657_2014_908819 crossref_primary_10_3389_fevo_2020_542179 |
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Copyright | Copyright (c)2009 by The American Ornithologists' Union |
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DOI | 10.1525/auk.2009.07210 |
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Snippet | Birds generally begin incubation either before laying the last egg of a clutch or when the last egg is laid. We report a third incubation tactic, in which... |
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SubjectTerms | Animal behavior Birds Females Food resources Food security Hatching Incubation Studies Temperature Urban areas |
Title | A Third Incubation Tactic: Delayed Incubation by American Robins (Turdus Migratorius) |
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