Missing data: the impact of what is not there

The validity of clinical research is potentially threatened by missing data. Any variable measured in a study can have missing values, including the exposure, the outcome, and confounders. When missing values are ignored in the analysis, only those subjects with complete records will be included in...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inEuropean journal of endocrinology Vol. 183; no. 4; pp. E7 - E9
Main Authors Groenwold, Rolf H H, Dekkers, Olaf M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Bristol Bioscientifica Ltd 01.10.2020
Oxford University Press
Subjects
Methodology Editorial
Missing data
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract The validity of clinical research is potentially threatened by missing data. Any variable measured in a study can have missing values, including the exposure, the outcome, and confounders. When missing values are ignored in the analysis, only those subjects with complete records will be included in the analysis. This may lead to biased results and loss of power. We explain why missing data may lead to bias and discuss a commonly used classification of missing data.
AbstractList The validity of clinical research is potentially threatened by missing data. Any variable measured in a study can have missing values, including the exposure, the outcome, and confounders. When missing values are ignored in the analysis, only those subjects with complete records will be included in the analysis. This may lead to biased results and loss of power. We explain why missing data may lead to bias and discuss a commonly used classification of missing data.
The validity of clinical research is potentially threatened by missing data. Any variable measured in a study can have missing values, including the exposure, the outcome, and confounders. When missing values are ignored in the analysis, only those subjects with complete records will be included in the analysis. This may lead to biased results and loss of power. We explain why missing data may lead to bias and discuss a commonly used classification of missing data.The validity of clinical research is potentially threatened by missing data. Any variable measured in a study can have missing values, including the exposure, the outcome, and confounders. When missing values are ignored in the analysis, only those subjects with complete records will be included in the analysis. This may lead to biased results and loss of power. We explain why missing data may lead to bias and discuss a commonly used classification of missing data.
Author Groenwold, Rolf H H
Dekkers, Olaf M
AuthorAffiliation Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
– name: Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
– name: Departments of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Rolf H H
  surname: Groenwold
  fullname: Groenwold, Rolf H H
  email: R.H.H.Groenwold@lumc.nl
  organization: Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Olaf M
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1333-7580
  surname: Dekkers
  fullname: Dekkers, Olaf M
  organization: Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
BookMark eNp9kEtLAzEUhYNUsK2u_AMDbgSJ5jXJxJ2U-qLiRsFdyGQSm9JOapIi_ntT2lVBV_fC-c59nBEY9KG3AJxjdI1rim6mz1NIEESCkiMwxExIyBv6MQBD1CAGGWf0BIxSWiCES4-GAL74lHz_WXU669sqz23lV2ttchVc9T3XufKp6kPeKtGegmOnl8me7esYvN9P3yaPcPb68DS5m8GWCpohb4njjexMXYuu1RJTjGUnrBS6JbRI1jbcGOook4LQuhGOIIo7zZxhEnV0DC53c9cxfG1symrlk7HLpe5t2CRFGKkbySXnBb04QBdhE_tyXaGYqAWvy6djgHeUiSGlaJ0yPuvsQ5-j9kuFkdoGqEqAiiC1DbB4rg486-hXOv78Qe83tD4k422fvfNG_-v5BXJ5gCk
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1080_13811118_2023_2227233
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph20032715
crossref_primary_10_3390_su131810057
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0306258
crossref_primary_10_3324_haematol_2022_281958
crossref_primary_10_1017_gmb_2023_12
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssresearch_2024_103091
crossref_primary_10_1097_MD_0000000000035090
crossref_primary_10_1136_bmjopen_2022_060920
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00068_022_02031_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaip_2023_09_023
crossref_primary_10_1192_bjo_2024_848
crossref_primary_10_1177_0032258X251313944
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_esmorw_2023_10_001
crossref_primary_10_3390_healthcare12010041
crossref_primary_10_1093_jamiaopen_ooae008
crossref_primary_10_37489_2782_3784_myrwd_49
crossref_primary_10_1080_03630242_2021_1917482
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10661_023_10957_9
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11136_023_03588_7
crossref_primary_10_57187_smw_2023_40017
crossref_primary_10_1186_s13098_022_00953_3
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_annonc_2023_10_001
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jclinepi_2022_09_008
crossref_primary_10_1001_jamaoncol_2021_6846
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cmpb_2023_107693
crossref_primary_10_1162_imag_a_00071
crossref_primary_10_4103_cmi_cmi_8_24
crossref_primary_10_4103_picr_picr_38_24
crossref_primary_10_1371_journal_pone_0316031
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ecoenv_2024_117252
crossref_primary_10_1186_s12874_025_02498_1
crossref_primary_10_1111_apa_17105
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 European Society of Endocrinology
Copyright BioScientifica Ltd. Oct 2020
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 European Society of Endocrinology
– notice: Copyright BioScientifica Ltd. Oct 2020
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
7T5
H94
7X8
DOI 10.1530/EJE-20-0732
DatabaseName CrossRef
Immunology Abstracts
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts
Immunology Abstracts
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts

MEDLINE - Academic
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Medicine
Anatomy & Physiology
DocumentTitleAlternate Missing data: the impact of what isn’t there
EISSN 1479-683X
EndPage E9
ExternalDocumentID 10_1530_EJE_20_0732
GroupedDBID -
08R
0R
2WC
3O-
4.4
53G
55
5GY
5RE
5VS
AAFZV
AAPBV
ABLYK
ABOCM
ABPTK
ABSGY
ABSQV
ACNCT
ACPRK
ADACO
ADBBV
ADBIT
ADDZX
AENEX
AFFNX
AGCAB
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
BAWUL
C1A
CS3
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EBS
EJD
GJ
GX1
H13
HZ
IL9
INIJC
J5H
KQ8
L7B
O0-
O9-
OK1
P2P
RHF
SJN
TBS
TR2
VH1
WOQ
X
X7M
ZA5
ZGI
ZXP
---
-~X
.55
.GJ
0R~
18M
5WD
AABZA
AACZT
AAPGJ
AAPXW
AARHZ
AAUAY
AAVAP
AAWDT
AAYXX
ABDFA
ABEJV
ABGNP
ABIME
ABJNI
ABMNT
ABNHQ
ABPIB
ABPQP
ABPTD
ABQNK
ABVGC
ABWST
ABXVV
ABXZS
ACFRR
ACGFO
ACUTJ
ADGKP
ADIPN
ADMTO
ADNBA
ADQBN
ADVEK
ADVOB
AEMQT
AFGWE
AFHIN
AFXAL
AFYAG
AGORE
AGQXC
AGUTN
AHGBF
AHMMS
AI.
AJBYB
AJEEA
AJNCP
ALXQX
ANFBD
APJGH
ATGXG
BCRHZ
BTFSW
CITATION
EMOBN
F9R
HZ~
KOP
OAUYM
OBFPC
OBOKY
OCZFY
OJZSN
OPAEJ
OVD
OWPYF
ROX
TCN
TEORI
TMA
W8F
7T5
H94
NU-
7X8
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-b373t-6b2f689dc557dba913119d7e97ab23f68ee86cc3f349723587f2031da4fc490d3
ISSN 0804-4643
1479-683X
IngestDate Thu Jul 10 22:07:41 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 14 08:29:16 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:56:06 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 04:13:34 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 12 02:32:17 EDT 2021
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 4
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-b373t-6b2f689dc557dba913119d7e97ab23f68ee86cc3f349723587f2031da4fc490d3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-1333-7580
OpenAccessLink http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-0732
PQID 2447576564
PQPubID 2049084
ParticipantIDs proquest_miscellaneous_2425896966
proquest_journals_2447576564
crossref_citationtrail_10_1530_EJE_20_0732
crossref_primary_10_1530_EJE_20_0732
bioscientifica_primary_10_1530_EJE_20_0732
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20201000
2020-10-00
20201001
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2020
  text: 20201000
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Bristol
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Bristol
PublicationTitle European journal of endocrinology
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher Bioscientifica Ltd
Oxford University Press
Publisher_xml – name: Bioscientifica Ltd
– name: Oxford University Press
SSID ssj0016430
Score 2.4991379
Snippet The validity of clinical research is potentially threatened by missing data. Any variable measured in a study can have missing values, including the exposure,...
SourceID proquest
crossref
bioscientifica
SourceType Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage E7
SubjectTerms Methodology Editorial
Missing data
Title Missing data: the impact of what is not there
URI http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EJE-20-0732
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2447576564
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2425896966
Volume 183
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3ha9UwEA8yQRQmuiluTokw_ODI7EvStPXb0Opj8hRlg30rSZPg2Fs73uuQ7a_3kqavLTzE-aWUNi3p_cLl7vq7O4T2zURJmtmYlMpowqWkRNmMkgmPVaKojrRv9zb7Jqan_PgsPuubKfrskkYdlrdr80r-B1W4Bri6LNk7ILt6KVyAc8AXjoAwHP8J4xlIzbn6jubZETT6tMffv8D5P18eVLXPV1yMSD-jKHywSE2la1Ai40j7l0XtiDlt_PhnPbcH0z6h4ZO5uAhN1r7PpQ2h1RBEAI-xo6OtAspt_qWjJ8kBociroYgTLtpiSoemVZM8yYhIfSffgR5lgwXDB1oxTwb7a56t1dwxc1TH_DgHhAnoHdhW71Mw_V1Xiq8_-j9DMBEfN-tmFXIu4fH3g4cfoU01-qax2THedb0pcfIEPQ4-AD5qAX2K7plqC20fVbKpL2_wW-xZuR6ELfRgFsgP24gEuLGD-wMGSHELNq4tdmDj8yUGsLEH-xk6_ZyffJyS0O2CKJawhghFrUgzXcZxopXMXB2kTCcmS6SiDG4Zk4qyZJZx1ykuThNLQSNryW3Js0iz52ijqivzAmFhdclKo7iQE25Tqpg2EUvBkxfgTqtoB70bS6e4akubFM4lBFEWIMqCRoUTJQzuJFeUoW68a18yXz94fzX4r-_c6yAowjJfFtTVnkzAv-A76M3qNmg79wtLVqa-dmNonLqCTmL3Lt_wEj3sV_0e2mgW1-YVGJONeu1X1x8oIHGF
linkProvider Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Missing+data%3A+the+impact+of+what+is+not+there&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+endocrinology&rft.au=Groenwold%2C+Rolf+H+H&rft.au=Dekkers%2C+Olaf+M&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.pub=Bioscientifica+Ltd&rft.issn=0804-4643&rft.eissn=1479-683X&rft.volume=183&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=E7&rft.epage=E9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1530%2FEJE-20-0732
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0804-4643&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0804-4643&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0804-4643&client=summon