Comparing Physical, Chemical, and Cold Stratification Methods for Alleviating Dormancy of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seeds

Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides....

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Published inWeed technology Vol. 29; no. 2; pp. 311 - 317
Main Authors Page, Eric R, Nurse, Robert E
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Lawrence The Weed Science Society of America 01.06.2015
Weed Science Society of America
Cambridge University Press
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Abstract Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Nomenclature: Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida.
AbstractList Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings.
Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings.Nomenclature: Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR.
Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Nomenclature: Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida.
Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida .
Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96 % of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida.
Author Page, Eric R
Nurse, Robert E
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  volume-title: Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination
  year: 2001
  ident: S0890037X00003729_ref5
  contributor:
    fullname: Baskin
– ident: S0890037X00003729_ref15
– ident: S0890037X00003729_ref4
  doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80201-X
– start-page: 164
  volume-title: Biology and Ecology of Ambrosia trifida L. Seedling Emergence
  year: 2007
  ident: S0890037X00003729_ref19
  contributor:
    fullname: Schutte
– ident: S0890037X00003729_ref7
  doi: 10.4141/cjps82-148
– ident: S0890037X00003729_ref10
  doi: 10.2307/2446380
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Snippet Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems,...
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StartPage 311
SubjectTerms Agricultural land
Ambrosia trifida
arable soils
cold
Crop planting
Crop production
Cumulative germination
Embryos
excised embryo
Experiments
gibberellic acid
herbicides
Methods
physiological seed dormancy
Physiology
Planting date
production technology
Proteins
reduced tillage
seed dormancy
seed stratification
Seedlings
Seeds
Stratification
WEED BIOLOGY AND COMPETITION
weeds
Weibull function
Title Comparing Physical, Chemical, and Cold Stratification Methods for Alleviating Dormancy of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seeds
URI http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1614/WT-D-14-00061.1
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43702339
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1686689447
Volume 29
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