Comparing Physical, Chemical, and Cold Stratification Methods for Alleviating Dormancy of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seeds
Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides....
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Published in | Weed technology Vol. 29; no. 2; pp. 311 - 317 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Lawrence
The Weed Science Society of America
01.06.2015
Weed Science Society of America Cambridge University Press |
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Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Nomenclature: Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida. |
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AbstractList | Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings.Nomenclature: Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR. Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Nomenclature: Giant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L. AMBTR. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida. Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96% of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida . Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems, a fact that can be attributed to earlier crop planting dates, reduced tillage, and the development of resistance to Group 2 and 9 herbicides. The propagation of giant ragweed seedlings for experimental purposes is a lengthy process because up to 90 d of stratification is often required to alleviate primary seed dormancy. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical, chemical, and cold stratification methods for alleviating seed dormancy in giant ragweed and reducing the length of cold stratification required. Results indicate that the most effective method for alleviating dormancy in seed of giant ragweed is to excise the embryo from its covering structures. By excising the embryo, 96 % of viable giant ragweed seeds germinated with no stratification. In contrast, untreated seeds required a minimum of 6 wk of stratification to alleviate dormancy in a similar proportion of the population. Although excising embryos requires time and effort, the time savings relative to stratification make it an attractive method for propagating giant ragweed seedlings. Ambrosia trifida se ha convertido en una maleza cada vez más importante en terrenos arables en muchas partes de Norteamérica. Esta maleza es ahora común en sistemas de producción de cultivos, un hecho que puede ser atribuido a fechas de siembra de cultivos más tempranas, labranza reducida, y el desarrollo de resistencia a herbicidas de los Grupos 2 y 9. La propagación de plántulas de A. trifida para fines experimentales es un proceso largo porque frecuentemente se requieren hasta 90 d de estratificación para aliviar la dormición primaria de la semilla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar métodos físicos, químicos, y de estratificación con frío para aliviar la dormición de la semilla en A. trifida y así reducir la duración de la estratificación con frío requerida. Los resultados indican que el método más efectivo para aliviar la dormición en semillas de A. trifida es extraer el embrión de las estructuras de cobertura de la semilla. Al extraer el embrión, 96% de las semillas viables de A. trifida germinaron en ausencia de estratificación. En contraste, semillas sin tratamiento requirieron un mínimo de 6 semanas de estratificación para aliviar la dormición en una proporción similar de la población. Aunque extraer los embriones requiere tiempo y esfuerzo, el ahorro relativo de tiempo en comparación con la estratificación, hace este método atractivo para la propagación de plántulas de A. trifida. |
Author | Page, Eric R Nurse, Robert E |
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References | Weibull (S0890037X00003729_ref24) 1951; 18 Amatangelo (S0890037X00003729_ref3) 1974; 45 S0890037X00003729_ref16 S0890037X00003729_ref17 S0890037X00003729_ref14 S0890037X00003729_ref15 S0890037X00003729_ref7 S0890037X00003729_ref8 S0890037X00003729_ref6 S0890037X00003729_ref12 S0890037X00003729_ref13 S0890037X00003729_ref9 S0890037X00003729_ref10 Baskin (S0890037X00003729_ref5) 2001 S0890037X00003729_ref4 S0890037X00003729_ref1 S0890037X00003729_ref2 Dinelli (S0890037X00003729_ref11) 2013; 8 Peters (S0890037X00003729_ref18) 2000 S0890037X00003729_ref25 S0890037X00003729_ref20 Schutte (S0890037X00003729_ref19) 2007 S0890037X00003729_ref23 S0890037X00003729_ref21 S0890037X00003729_ref22 |
References_xml | – volume: 18 start-page: 293 year: 1951 ident: S0890037X00003729_ref24 article-title: A statistical distribution function of wide applicability publication-title: J Appl Mech doi: 10.1115/1.4010337 contributor: fullname: Weibull – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref14 doi: 10.1614/WT-04-309R.1 – volume: 8 start-page: 286 year: 2013 ident: S0890037X00003729_ref11 article-title: Germination ecology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and Ambrosia trifida L. biotypes suspected of glyphosate resistance publication-title: Cent Eur J Biol contributor: fullname: Dinelli – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref13 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01787.x – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref2 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.1964.tb00305.x – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref9 doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087535 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref17 doi: 10.1614/0043-1745(2002)050[0299:MAOCRI]2.0.CO;2 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref8 doi: 10.1071/BT9870581 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref21 doi: 10.4141/cjps2011-249 – volume: 45 start-page: 15 year: 1974 ident: S0890037X00003729_ref3 article-title: Infestation of seeds of Ambrosia trifida, giant ragweed, by larval insects publication-title: Bios contributor: fullname: Amatangelo – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref16 doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2009.03.008 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref22 doi: 10.4141/cjps88-127 – volume-title: Tetrazolium testing handbook Contribution No.29 to the Handbook on Seed Testing. First revision year: 2000 ident: S0890037X00003729_ref18 contributor: fullname: Peters – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref6 doi: 10.1079/SSR2003150 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref20 doi: 10.1614/WS-D-11-00049.1 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref12 doi: 10.1002/nav.3800140107 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref1 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1979.tb02314.x – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref25 doi: 10.2307/2439244 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref23 doi: 10.4141/P00-196 – start-page: 665 volume-title: Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination year: 2001 ident: S0890037X00003729_ref5 contributor: fullname: Baskin – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref15 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref4 doi: 10.1016/S0176-1617(96)80201-X – start-page: 164 volume-title: Biology and Ecology of Ambrosia trifida L. Seedling Emergence year: 2007 ident: S0890037X00003729_ref19 contributor: fullname: Schutte – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref7 doi: 10.4141/cjps82-148 – ident: S0890037X00003729_ref10 doi: 10.2307/2446380 |
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Snippet | Giant ragweed has become an increasingly important weed of arable land in many parts of North America. It is now a common weed of row crop production systems,... |
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SubjectTerms | Agricultural land Ambrosia trifida arable soils cold Crop planting Crop production Cumulative germination Embryos excised embryo Experiments gibberellic acid herbicides Methods physiological seed dormancy Physiology Planting date production technology Proteins reduced tillage seed dormancy seed stratification Seedlings Seeds Stratification WEED BIOLOGY AND COMPETITION weeds Weibull function |
Title | Comparing Physical, Chemical, and Cold Stratification Methods for Alleviating Dormancy of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) Seeds |
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