Beta- and Gamma-Cytoplasmic Actins Are Required for Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes1

In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular loca...

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Published inBiology of reproduction Vol. 85; no. 5; pp. 1025 - 1039
Main Authors Brockmann, Céline, Huarte, Joachim, Dugina, Vera, Challet, Ludivine, Rey, Emmanuelle, Conne, Béatrice, Swetloff, Adam, Nef, Serge, Chaponnier, Christine, Vassalli, Jean-Dominique
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc 01.11.2011
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Abstract In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular localization and the role of the existing two cytoplasmic actin (CYA) isoforms, beta and gamma, have not been characterized. We show that beta- and gamma-CYA are differentially distributed in the maturing oocyte from late metaphase I as well as in preimplantation embryos. Gamma-CYA is preferentially enriched in oocyte cortices and is absent from all cell-cell contact areas from metaphase II until the blastocyst stage. Beta-CYA is enriched in contractile structures, at cytokinesis, at cell-cell contacts, and around the forming blastocoel. Alteration of beta- or gamma-CYA function by isoform-specific antibody microinjection suggests that gamma-CYA holds a major and specific role in the establishment and/or maintenance of asymmetry in meiosis I and in the maintenance of overall cortical integrity. In contrast, beta- and gamma-CYA, together, appear to participate in the formation and the cortical anchorage of the second meiotic spindle in waiting for fertilization. Finally, differences in gamma-CYA expression are amongst the earliest markers of cell fate determination in development.
AbstractList In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular localization and the role of the existing two cytoplasmic actin (CYA) isoforms, beta and gamma, have not been characterized. We show that beta- and gamma-CYA are differentially distributed in the maturing oocyte from late metaphase I as well as in preimplantation embryos. Gamma-CYA is preferentially enriched in oocyte cortices and is absent from all cell-cell contact areas from metaphase II until the blastocyst stage. Beta-CYA is enriched in contractile structures, at cytokinesis, at cell-cell contacts, and around the forming blastocoel. Alteration of beta- or gamma-CYA function by isoform-specific antibody microinjection suggests that gamma-CYA holds a major and specific role in the establishment and/or maintenance of asymmetry in meiosis I and in the maintenance of overall cortical integrity. In contrast, beta- and gamma-CYA, together, appear to participate in the formation and the cortical anchorage of the second meiotic spindle in waiting for fertilization. Finally, differences in gamma-CYA expression are amongst the earliest markers of cell fate determination in development.
Author Huarte, Joachim
Vassalli, Jean-Dominique
Swetloff, Adam
Conne, Béatrice
Brockmann, Céline
Dugina, Vera
Challet, Ludivine
Rey, Emmanuelle
Chaponnier, Christine
Nef, Serge
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  fullname: Vassalli, Jean-Dominique
  organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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Snippet In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning...
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SubjectTerms actin
actin isoforms
asymmetric cell division
blastocyst
meiosis
oocyte
polarity
preimplantation development
preimplantation embryo
Title Beta- and Gamma-Cytoplasmic Actins Are Required for Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes1
URI http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1095/biolreprod.111.091736
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