Beta- and Gamma-Cytoplasmic Actins Are Required for Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes1
In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular loca...
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Published in | Biology of reproduction Vol. 85; no. 5; pp. 1025 - 1039 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc
01.11.2011
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Abstract | In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular localization and the role of the existing two cytoplasmic actin (CYA) isoforms, beta and gamma, have not been characterized. We show that beta- and gamma-CYA are differentially distributed in the maturing oocyte from late metaphase I as well as in preimplantation embryos. Gamma-CYA is preferentially enriched in oocyte cortices and is absent from all cell-cell contact areas from metaphase II until the blastocyst stage. Beta-CYA is enriched in contractile structures, at cytokinesis, at cell-cell contacts, and around the forming blastocoel. Alteration of beta- or gamma-CYA function by isoform-specific antibody microinjection suggests that gamma-CYA holds a major and specific role in the establishment and/or maintenance of asymmetry in meiosis I and in the maintenance of overall cortical integrity. In contrast, beta- and gamma-CYA, together, appear to participate in the formation and the cortical anchorage of the second meiotic spindle in waiting for fertilization. Finally, differences in gamma-CYA expression are amongst the earliest markers of cell fate determination in development. |
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AbstractList | In mammals, female meiosis consists of two asymmetric cell divisions, which generate a large haploid oocyte and two small polar bodies. Asymmetric partitioning of the cytoplasm results from migration of the meiotic spindle toward the cortex and requires actin filaments. However, the subcellular localization and the role of the existing two cytoplasmic actin (CYA) isoforms, beta and gamma, have not been characterized. We show that beta- and gamma-CYA are differentially distributed in the maturing oocyte from late metaphase I as well as in preimplantation embryos. Gamma-CYA is preferentially enriched in oocyte cortices and is absent from all cell-cell contact areas from metaphase II until the blastocyst stage. Beta-CYA is enriched in contractile structures, at cytokinesis, at cell-cell contacts, and around the forming blastocoel. Alteration of beta- or gamma-CYA function by isoform-specific antibody microinjection suggests that gamma-CYA holds a major and specific role in the establishment and/or maintenance of asymmetry in meiosis I and in the maintenance of overall cortical integrity. In contrast, beta- and gamma-CYA, together, appear to participate in the formation and the cortical anchorage of the second meiotic spindle in waiting for fertilization. Finally, differences in gamma-CYA expression are amongst the earliest markers of cell fate determination in development. |
Author | Huarte, Joachim Vassalli, Jean-Dominique Swetloff, Adam Conne, Béatrice Brockmann, Céline Dugina, Vera Challet, Ludivine Rey, Emmanuelle Chaponnier, Christine Nef, Serge |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Céline surname: Brockmann fullname: Brockmann, Céline organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Joachim surname: Huarte fullname: Huarte, Joachim organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 3 givenname: Vera surname: Dugina fullname: Dugina, Vera organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 4 givenname: Ludivine surname: Challet fullname: Challet, Ludivine organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 5 givenname: Emmanuelle surname: Rey fullname: Rey, Emmanuelle organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 6 givenname: Béatrice surname: Conne fullname: Conne, Béatrice organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 7 givenname: Adam surname: Swetloff fullname: Swetloff, Adam organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 8 givenname: Serge surname: Nef fullname: Nef, Serge organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 9 givenname: Christine surname: Chaponnier fullname: Chaponnier, Christine organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 10 givenname: Jean-Dominique surname: Vassalli fullname: Vassalli, Jean-Dominique organization: University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland |
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Title | Beta- and Gamma-Cytoplasmic Actins Are Required for Meiosis in Mouse Oocytes1 |
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