Agricultural Involution and Bureaucratic Involution: Types, Concepts, Empirical Generalizations, and Theoretical Mechanisms

• Published in: Zhongguo xiang cun yan jiu. Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 169 - 191
• Main Author: Huang (黄宗智), Philip C. C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Leiden | Boston Brill 13.08.2021

Abstract The article reviews the history of the word "involution," the empirical basis of the concept of "agricultural involution," and the mechanisms operating behind that phenomenon. It then considers the very different empirical bases and mechanisms of "bureaucratic invol...