Delineating the origin of migratory Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) in Indiana using stable isotope analysis

The Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a highly migratory owl that occurs throughout North America. Banding stations have studied the migratory habits of this species, but these studies rarely collect significant data regarding the origin of migrant birds captured in the midwestern United...

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Published inThe Wilson journal of ornithology Vol. 132; no. 4; pp. 967 - 977
Main Authors Neumann, Landon K., Higdon, Ashley E., Flaherty, Elizabeth A., Bumgardner, Brad J., Wilms, Amy B., Gavenda, Kaitlin D., Delancey, Clayton D., Dunning, John B.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Wilson Ornithological Society 14.09.2021
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Abstract The Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a highly migratory owl that occurs throughout North America. Banding stations have studied the migratory habits of this species, but these studies rarely collect significant data regarding the origin of migrant birds captured in the midwestern United States. In the last 20 years Northern Saw-whet Owl ecology has been studied broadly; however, little is known how different populations may interact with one another. Many avian species with large geographic ranges often have populations that breed and winter in separate areas. Little has been documented to establish if this pattern exists in Northern Saw-whet Owls, a species where individuals are migratory, sedentary, and nomadic. Stable isotope ratios using deuterium δ2H in feathers have been successfully used to estimate the breeding origin of birds. We used stable isotope analysis of δ2H in conjunction with an isoscape map to determine breeding origins for Indiana Northern Saw-whet Owls. We collected 41 feather samples from migrating owls at 6 different banding sites across Indiana from October to November 2017. Because higher enrichment values in adult owl feathers complicate analysis, we only analyzed samples from young (hatching-year) individuals. After analysis and exclusion of birds identified as outliers, the model suggested that the birds originated along 44°N around the Great Lakes Region and as far east as Nova Scotia, Canada. When including outliers, the model suggested that individuals originated along 40°N between Iowa and New York. The outliers-excluded model remained more consistent with the known breeding range of this species than the outliers-included model. We successfully used this technique and our data suggests that the majority of Northern Saw-whet Owls originated from the Great Lakes Region. We recommend further investigation on the physiology and behavior of owls on the breeding grounds, which could aid in the ability to better understand differences in δ2H enrichment of this species. Better understanding of this would allow these models to be plotted more precisely onto the landscape.
AbstractList The Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a highly migratory owl that occurs throughout North America. Banding stations have studied the migratory habits of this species, but these studies rarely collect significant data regarding the origin of migrant birds captured in the midwestern United States. In the last 20 years Northern Saw-whet Owl ecology has been studied broadly; however, little is known how different populations may interact with one another. Many avian species with large geographic ranges often have populations that breed and winter in separate areas. Little has been documented to establish if this pattern exists in Northern Saw-whet Owls, a species where individuals are migratory, sedentary, and nomadic. Stable isotope ratios using deuterium δ2H in feathers have been successfully used to estimate the breeding origin of birds. We used stable isotope analysis of δ2H in conjunction with an isoscape map to determine breeding origins for Indiana Northern Saw-whet Owls. We collected 41 feather samples from migrating owls at 6 different banding sites across Indiana from October to November 2017. Because higher enrichment values in adult owl feathers complicate analysis, we only analyzed samples from young (hatching-year) individuals. After analysis and exclusion of birds identified as outliers, the model suggested that the birds originated along 44°N around the Great Lakes Region and as far east as Nova Scotia, Canada. When including outliers, the model suggested that individuals originated along 40°N between Iowa and New York. The outliers-excluded model remained more consistent with the known breeding range of this species than the outliers-included model. We successfully used this technique and our data suggests that the majority of Northern Saw-whet Owls originated from the Great Lakes Region. We recommend further investigation on the physiology and behavior of owls on the breeding grounds, which could aid in the ability to better understand differences in δ2H enrichment of this species. Better understanding of this would allow these models to be plotted more precisely onto the landscape.
Abstract_FL El mochuelo Aegolius acadicus es altamente migratorio y se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en Norteamérica. Se han estudiado los hábitos migratorios de esta especie en estaciones de anillado, si bien estos estudios rara vez colectan datos significativos sobre el origen de las aves capturadas en el medio oeste de los Estados Unidos. En los últimos 20 años, la ecología de este mochuelo ha sido estudiada ampliamente; sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre cómo interactúan entre sí sus diferentes poblaciones. Muchas aves con amplios rangos geográficos frecuentemente tienen poblaciones que se reproducen e invernan en áreas separadas. Se ha documentado poco para establecer si este patrón existe en este mochuelo, y donde sus individuos son migratorios, sedentarios y nómadas. En el pasado, se ha usado exitosamente la proporción de isótopos estables de deuterio δ2H en plumas para estimar el origen reproductivo de estas aves. Usamos el análisis de isótopos estables de δ2H de manera conjunta con un mapa de su isopaisaje para determinar los orígenes reproductivos de los mochuelos de Indiana. Colectamos 41 muestras de plumas de estos mochuelos en 6 diferentes sitios de anillado a lo ancho de indiana de octubre a noviembre de 2017. Debido a que los valores enriquecidos de las plumas de los adultos complican los análisis, únicamente examinamos plumas de individuos juveniles (nacidos en ese año). Después de los análisis y la exclusión de aves identificadas como valores atípicos, el modelo sugiere que estas aves se originan a una latitud de 44°N, alrededor de la región de los Grandes Lagos y en su extremo este hasta Nova Scotia, Canadá. Cuando se incluye a los valores atípicos, el modelo sugiere que los individuos se originan a lo largo de los 40°N entre Iowa y New York. El modelo que excluye atípicos fue más consistente con el rango reproductivo conocido para esta especie que el modelo que incluye valores atípicos. Usamos exitosamente esta técnica y nuestros datos sugieren que la mayoría de los mochuelos se originan en la región de los Grandes Lagos. Recomendamos continuar investigando la fisiología y comportamiento de mochuelos en sus territorios reproductivos, lo que podría ayudarnos a entender mejor las diferencias de enriquecimiento de δ2H en esta especie. Una mejora en este proceso permitiría a estos modelos ser más adecuadamente proyectados en el paisaje. Palabras clave: anillado de aves, deuterio, Indiana, mapa de isopaisaje, migración, rapaces.
Author Bumgardner, Brad J.
Wilms, Amy B.
Delancey, Clayton D.
Gavenda, Kaitlin D.
Dunning, John B.
Higdon, Ashley E.
Neumann, Landon K.
Flaherty, Elizabeth A.
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Snippet The Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a highly migratory owl that occurs throughout North America. Banding stations have studied the migratory...
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SubjectTerms bird banding
deuterium
Indiana
isoscape map
migration
raptors
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Title Delineating the origin of migratory Northern Saw-whet Owls (Aegolius acadicus) in Indiana using stable isotope analysis
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