Striking First Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. National Security Policy

RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 shift in U.S. defense policy emphasis toward preemptive and preventive attack, asking under what conditions preemptive or preventive attack is worth considering as a response to perceived threats. It considered the role such first-strike strategies are li...

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Main Authors	Mueller, Karl P, Castillo, Jasen J, Morgan, Forrest E, Pegahi, Negeen, Rosen, Brian
Format	eBook
Language	English
Published	Santa Monica RAND Corporation 2006 RAND Corporation, The RAND
Edition	1
Subjects	Defenses Force Structure and Employment Global Security Environment Military policy National Security Political activism / Political engagement Political Science Politics and government Preemptive attack (Military science) Preemtive attack (Military science) Society and Social Sciences Terrorism and Homeland Security Terrorism, armed struggle thema EDItEUR United States Warfare and defence United States
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Abstract	RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 shift in U.S. defense policy emphasis toward preemptive and preventive attack, asking under what conditions preemptive or preventive attack is worth considering as a response to perceived threats. It considered the role such first-strike strategies are likely to play in future U.S. national security policy. Finally, it identified implications these conclusions have for military planners and policymakers as they prepare to deal with national security threats in the next decade.
AbstractList	RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 U.S. policy shift toward preemptive and preventive attack. It found that military planners should not expect preparing for such operations to be a key driver for change in U.S. military capabilities. RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 shift in U.S. defense policy emphasis toward preemptive and preventive attack, asking under what conditions preemptive or preventive attack is worth considering as a response to perceived threats. It considered the role such first-strike strategies are likely to play in future U.S. national security policy. Finally, it identified implications these conclusions have for military planners and policymakers as they prepare to deal with national security threats in the next decade. RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 U.S. policy shift toward preemptive and preventive attack. It found that military planners should not expect preparing for such operations to be a key driver for change in U.S. military capabilities. Following the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, U.S. leaders recast the national security strategy to place greater emphasis on the threats posed by terrorists and by states from which they might acquire weapons of mass destruction, and announced that in the future the United States would take advantage of opportunities to strike at potential adversaries before they attacked. RAND Project AIR FORCE examined the nature and implications of this doctrine of striking first. This study focused on three central questions: First, under what conditions is preemptive or preventive attack worth considering or pursuing as a response to perceived security threats? Second, what role should such strategies be expected to play in future U.S. national security policy? Finally, what implications do these conclusions have for planners and policymakers in the U.S. Air Force and the other armed services as they design military capabilities and strategies to deal with national security threats in the next decade? The study concluded preparing for such operations should not be a key driver for change in U.S. military capabilities because large-scale U.S. first strikes will be infrequent and present few unique operational military requirements, although the intelligence requirements for these strategies are highly demanding. Planners should also recognize that this doctrine may affect the types of threats posed against U.S. forces and interests by potential adversaries.
Author	BRIAN ROSEN JASEN J. CASTILLO KARL P. MUELLER NEGEEN PEGAHI FORREST E. MORGAN
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Snippet	RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 shift in U.S. defense policy emphasis toward preemptive and preventive attack, asking under what conditions... RAND Project AIR FORCE studied the post-9/11 U.S. policy shift toward preemptive and preventive attack. It found that military planners should not expect...
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SubjectTerms	Defenses Force Structure and Employment Global Security Environment Military policy National Security Political activism / Political engagement Political Science Politics and government Preemptive attack (Military science) Preemtive attack (Military science) Society and Social Sciences Terrorism and Homeland Security Terrorism, armed struggle thema EDItEUR United States Warfare and defence
SubjectTermsDisplay	Electronic books. National security -- United States. Preemptive attack (Military science) United States -- Defenses. United States -- Military policy.
Subtitle	Preemptive and Preventive Attack in U.S. National Security Policy
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TableOfContents	Front Matter Preface Table of Contents Figures and Table Summary Acknowledgments Glossary CHAPTER ONE: Striking First: CHAPTER TWO: The Best Defense? CHAPTER THREE: Attacking in Self-Defense: CHAPTER FOUR: Preemptive and Preventive Strategies in Future U.S. National Security Policy: APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D References Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Figures and Table -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Glossary -- Chapter One - Striking First: Preemptive and Preventive Attacks -- Introduction -- The Doctrine of Preemption and the U.S. National Security Strategy -- Preemption and Prevention -- Preemptive Attack -- Preventive Attack -- Anticipatory Attack -- Anticipatory Attack Versus Operational Preemption -- Studying Preemptive and Preventive Attack -- Chapter Two - The Best Defense? When and Why States Strike First -- Introduction -- Prevention and Preemption in International Politics -- Preemptive War and First-Strike Advantage -- Preventive War and the Balance of Power -- The Costs, Benefits, and Risks of Anticipatory Attack -- The Advantage of Striking First -- The Certainty of the Threat -- Weighing the Pros and Cons of Anticipatory Attack -- Chapter Three - Attacking in Self-Defense: Legality and Legitimacy of Striking First -- The United States' View of Anticipatory Attack -- International Law -- Legal Use of Force -- Force Authorized by the Security Council -- Self-Defense -- Proportionality -- Necessity -- Alternative Standards for Anticipatory Self-Defense -- Anticipatory Attack Against Nonstate Actors -- Entering Other States to Attack Nonstate Actors -- The Significance of Legality -- The U.N. Security Souncil -- The International Court of Justice -- The International Criminal Court -- Legitimacy -- Conclusion -- Chapter Four - Preemptive and Preventive Strategies in Future U.S. National Security Policy: Prospects and Implications -- Striking First: Rhetoric and Reality -- Changing Perceptions of Power and Threats -- Persistent Obstacles to Striking First -- Anticipatory Attacks After Operation Iraqi Freedom -- Anticipatory Attack in Future National Security Strategies -- Leading Scenarios for U.S. Anticipatory Attack Foiling or Blunting Cross-Border Aggression -- Striking Violent Nonstate Actors to Avert Terrorism -- Attacking States to Limit the Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction -- Political Consequences of Anticipatory Attack -- Anticipatory Attack and Future U.S. Defense Planning -- Anticipatory Attack as a Niche Contingency -- Intelligence Requirements for Striking First -- Other Military Capabilities for Anticipatory Attack -- related operations.The Importance of Operational Preemption -- Dangers of Relying on Preemptive and Preventive Attack -- Preemptive Attack as a Threat to the United States -- The Nexus of Politics and War -- Appendix A - U.S. Preventive Attack Cases -- U.S. Consideration of Preventive War Against the USSR -- U.S. Consideration of Preventive Attack Against China -- The Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 -- The Invasion of Grenada, 1983 -- Appendix B - Israeli Preemptive and Preventive Attack Cases -- Introduction -- The Sinai Campaign, 1956 -- The Six-Day War, 1967 -- The October War, 1973 -- The Osirak Raid, 1981 -- Appendix C - Counterterrorist Anticipatory Attack Cases -- Introduction -- The Israeli Assassination Attempt Against Khaled Mishal,1997 -- The Tirana Raids, 1998 -- Hellfire Strike in Yemen, 2002 -- The Jordanian Crackdown in Ma'an, 2002 -- Appendix D - NSS Statements on Preemptive and Preventive Attack -- References
Title	Striking First
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