Experiment Design for Environmental Engineering Methods and Examples

• Main Authors: Hopcroft, Francis, Charest, Abigail
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Milton CRC Press 2022; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: air sampling; CivilEngineeringnetBASE; ecological risk assessment; ENGnetBASE; ENVIROnetBASE; Environmental; Environmental Health; Environmental Management; ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERINGnetBASE; ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEnetBASE; Experimental design; General Engineering Education; Pollution; risk analysis; SCI-TECHnetBASE; soil; STMnetBASE; water; Water Engineering; water sampling; Clean Glass Beakers; Liquid Environmental Samples; ecological risk assessment; Bod Bottle; Theoretical Detention Time; Data Set; Coliform Count; soil; DO; Filter Pad; pollution; Moringa Seeds; Multiple Linear Regression; Calibration Box; air sampling; Distillation Flask; Laboratory Water; Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons; Total Coliforms; Sample Jar; water sampling; Muffle Furnace; water; risk analysis; Data Analysis Plan; Data Collection Sheets; Unmeasured Parameters; Heat Resistant Gloves; Fecal Indicator Bacteria; Non-carbonate Hardness; Bod Curve; Noncarbonate Hardness

This book provides a wide range of practical environmental engineering laboratory experiments for implementation by students in a university laboratory or by practicing professionals in the field, along with an extensive discussion on how to design an experiment that will provide meaningful and usef...

Table of Contents:

• Experiment 13.2: pH As a Function of Acid/Base Concentration With pH Neutralization Calculations -- Experiment 13.3: Determination of Mean Cell Residence Time in a Dispersed Plug Flow Reactor -- Experiment 13.4: Determination of Surface Water Evaporation Rate -- Experiment 13.5: Characterization of Pond, Lake, or Stream Foam -- Chapter 14 Contaminant Removal Experiments -- Experiment 14.1: Determination of Contaminant Removal Rate -- Experiment 14.2: Technique for Metal Ion Precipitation from Water -- Experiment 14.3: Separation of Liquid Phase Components through a Distillation Process -- Experiment 14.4: Technique for Potable Water Softening -- Experiment 14.5: Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation for the Removal of Organic and Inorganic Water Contaminants -- Experiment 14.6: Determination of Granular Media Suitability for Use in Granular Media Filters -- Experiment 14.7: Analysis of Suspended Solids in Water -- Experiment 14.8: Analysis of Total Solids in Water -- Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index
• Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2 How to Design an Engineering Experiment -- 2.1 Defining the Question to Be Answered -- 2.2 Defining the Variables Involved in a Question -- 2.3 Measuring and Controlling the Variables -- 2.4 Evaluation of Potential Interferences That Can Occur -- 2.5 Minimizing, Avoiding, or Accounting for the Effects of Interferences -- 2.6 Sensitivity Analyses of Experimental Data -- 2.7 Safety Considerations in Experiment Design -- Chapter 3 Sampling Source Media -- 3.1 Sampling Water and Other Liquids -- 3.2 Sampling Soil or Other Solids -- 3.3 Sampling Air and Other Gases -- 3.4 Sampling Health and Safety Plans -- Chapter 4 Expected Outcomes and Interpretation of Data -- 4.1 Expected Outcomes -- 4.2 Interpretation of the Data -- 4.3 Uncertainty Considerations -- 4.4 Estimating Future Parameter Values -- 4.5 Probability -- 4.5.1 Probability as Basis of Statistics -- 4.5.2 Estimating Probabilities in Experimentation -- 4.5.3 Misuse of Probability Data -- 4.5.4 Number of Data Points Needed -- 4.5.5 Selective Use of Data -- 4.5.6 Cause and Effect vs. Correlation -- 4.6 Risk -- Chapter 5 Model Design Methodology -- 5.1 Discussion -- 5.2 Model Format -- 5.3 Experiment Design Format Model -- Chapter 6 Laboratory Report -- 6.1 Conversion of Theory to Experimental Output Data -- 6.2 Compare and Contrast Experimental Output Data to Existing Literature -- 6.3 Suggested Laboratory Report Template -- Chapter 7 Effective Presentation of the Data in Outcome Reports -- Chapter 8 Designing Research Experiment Projects -- 8.1 Research to Assess Standard Sample Drying Protocols -- 8.2 Research to Assess Standard Indicator Organisms -- 8.3 Research Recommendations
• Chapter 9 General Experiments -- Experiment 9.1: Turbidity Meter Calibration -- Experiment 9.2: Calibration of Spectrophotometers -- Experiment 9.3: Jar Test Procedure -- Experiment 9.4: Duct Tape Permeability Test -- Experiment 9.5: Determination of Specific Heat Capacity -- Experiment 9.6: Determination of Insulation R-Values for Various Materials -- Experiment 9.7: Headspace Analysis for the Presence of Volatile Organic Compounds -- Experiment 9.8: Surface Runoff Rate Determination and Volume Calculation -- Experiment 9.9: Water Filtration Media Evaluation -- Experiment 9.10: Water Filtration Media Evaluation Remote Area Options -- Chapter 10 Oil and Petroleum-Based Experiments -- Experiment 10.1: Solubility of Oil in Water as a Function of Salinity -- Experiment 10.2: Gasoline Fingerprinting -- Experiment 10.3: Determination of Porosity and Void Ratio in Soil -- Chapter 11 Oxygen and BOD Experiments -- Experiment 11.1: Calibration of DO Meter by Winkler Method -- Experiment 11.2: Oxygen Transfer Rate Determination -- Experiment 11.3: Maximum DO Concentration in Water as a Function of Temperature and Salinity -- Experiment 11.4: 5-Day BOD Test with Determination of Exertion Rate k -- Chapter 12 Environmental Microbiology Experiments -- Experiment 12.1: Total coliforms and E. coli By IDEXX Quantitrays® and Colilert® Most Probable Number Methodologies -- Experiment 12.2: Field Testing and Quantification of Total Coliforms and E. coli by Colilert and Petrifilm Methodologies -- Experiment 12.3: Viral Indicators Coliphage Quantification Based on Easyphage Method -- Experiment 12.4: Comparison of Disinfection Methods -- Experiment 12.5: Comparison of Disinfection Methods: Remote Area Options -- Chapter 13 Water Quality Experiments -- Experiment 13.1: Introduction to Water Quality Parameters