Science and polity in France the revolutionary and Napoleonic years.
From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period prior to the Second World War. In his classic Science and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime, Charles Gillispie analyzed the cultur...
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| Format | eBook Book |
| Language | English |
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Princeton
Princeton University Press
2014
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| Edition | 1 |
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| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 0691115419 9780691118499 0691118493 9780691115412 9781400865314 140086531X |
| DOI | 10.1515/9781400865314 |
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| Abstract | From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period prior to the Second World War. In his classic Science and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime, Charles Gillispie analyzed the cultural, political, and technical factors that encouraged scientific productivity on the eve of the Revolution. In the present monumental and elegantly written sequel to that work, which Princeton is reissuing concurrently, he examines how the revolutionary and Napoleonic context contributed to modernization both of politics and science. In politics, argues Gillispie, the central feature of this modernization was conversion of subjects of a monarchy into citizens of a republic in direct contact with a state enormously augmented in power. To the scientific community, attainment of professional status was what citizenship was to all Frenchmen in the republic proper, namely the license to self-governance and dignity within the respective contexts. Revolutionary circumstances set up a resonance between politics and science since practitioners of both were future oriented in their outlook and scornful of the past. Among the creations of the First French Republic were institutions providing the earliest higher education in science. From them emerged rigorously trained people who constituted the founding generation in the disciplines of mathematical physics, positivistic biology, and clinical medicine. That scientists were able to achieve their ends was owing to the expertise they provided the revolutionary and imperial authorities in education, medicine, warfare, empire building, and industrial technology. |
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| AbstractList | From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period prior to the Second World War. In his classicScience and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime, Charles Gillispie analyzed the cultural, political, and technical factors that encouraged scientific productivity on the eve of the Revolution. In the present monumental and elegantly written sequel to that work, which Princeton is reissuing concurrently, he examines how the revolutionary and Napoleonic context contributed to modernization both of politics and science.
In politics, argues Gillispie, the central feature of this modernization was conversion of subjects of a monarchy into citizens of a republic in direct contact with a state enormously augmented in power. To the scientific community, attainment of professional status was what citizenship was to all Frenchmen in the republic proper, namely the license to self-governance and dignity within the respective contexts. Revolutionary circumstances set up a resonance between politics and science since practitioners of both were future oriented in their outlook and scornful of the past.
Among the creations of the First French Republic were institutions providing the earliest higher education in science. From them emerged rigorously trained people who constituted the founding generation in the disciplines of mathematical physics, positivistic biology, and clinical medicine. That scientists were able to achieve their ends was owing to the expertise they provided the revolutionary and imperial authorities in education, medicine, warfare, empire building, and industrial technology. From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period prior to the Second World War. In his classic Science and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime , Charles Gillispie analyzed the cultural, political, and technical factors that encouraged scientific productivity on the eve of the Revolution. In the present monumental and elegantly written sequel to that work, which Princeton is reissuing concurrently, he examines how the revolutionary and Napoleonic context contributed to modernization both of politics and science. In politics, argues Gillispie, the central feature of this modernization was conversion of subjects of a monarchy into citizens of a republic in direct contact with a state enormously augmented in power. To the scientific community, attainment of professional status was what citizenship was to all Frenchmen in the republic proper, namely the license to self-governance and dignity within the respective contexts. Revolutionary circumstances set up a resonance between politics and science since practitioners of both were future oriented in their outlook and scornful of the past. Among the creations of the First French Republic were institutions providing the earliest higher education in science. From them emerged rigorously trained people who constituted the founding generation in the disciplines of mathematical physics, positivistic biology, and clinical medicine. That scientists were able to achieve their ends was owing to the expertise they provided the revolutionary and imperial authorities in education, medicine, warfare, empire building, and industrial technology. From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period prior to the Second World War. In his classic Science and Polity in France: The End of the Old Regime, Charles Gillispie analyzed the cultural, political, and technical factors that encouraged scientific productivity on the eve of the Revolution. In the present monumental and elegantly written sequel to that work, which Princeton is reissuing concurrently, he examines how the revolutionary and Napoleonic context contributed to modernization both of politics and science. In politics, argues Gillispie, the central feature of this modernization was conversion of subjects of a monarchy into citizens of a republic in direct contact with a state enormously augmented in power. To the scientific community, attainment of professional status was what citizenship was to all Frenchmen in the republic proper, namely the license to self-governance and dignity within the respective contexts. Revolutionary circumstances set up a resonance between politics and science since practitioners of both were future oriented in their outlook and scornful of the past. Among the creations of the First French Republic were institutions providing the earliest higher education in science. From them emerged rigorously trained people who constituted the founding generation in the disciplines of mathematical physics, positivistic biology, and clinical medicine. That scientists were able to achieve their ends was owing to the expertise they provided the revolutionary and imperial authorities in education, medicine, warfare, empire building, and industrial technology. By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly, there were increasingly frequent intersections. This is a study of those transactions between science and state, knowledge and power--on the eve of the French Revolution. Charles Gillispie explores how the links between science and polity in France were related to governmental reform, modernization of the economy, and professionalization of science and engineering. No detailed description available for "Science and Polity in France". |
| Author | Gillispie, Charles Coulston |
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| Notes | Includes bibliographical references (p. [699]-716) and index ACLS Humanities E-Book Includes both TIFF files and keyword searchable text. University of Michigan, Michigan Publishing Ann Arbor, Mich. 2012. Electronic text and image data. Mode of access: Intranet. |
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| Snippet | By the end of the eighteenth century, the French dominated the world of science. And although science and politics had little to do with each other directly,... From the 1770s through the 1820s the French scientific community predominated in the world to a degree that no other scientific establishment did in any period... No detailed description available for "Science and Polity in France". |
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| SubjectTerms | Europe France History History of Science & Technology SCIENCE Science -- France -- History SCIENCE / History Science and state Science and state -- France |
| SubjectTermsDisplay | France History Science Science -- France -- History. Science and state -- France. |
| Subtitle | the revolutionary and Napoleonic years. |
| TableOfContents | Science and polity in france: the revolutionary and napoleonic years -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter I: Science and Politics under the Constituent Assembly -- Chapter II: Education, Science, and Politics -- Chapter III: The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science: Rise and Fall -- Chapter IV: The Metric System -- Chapter V: Science and the Terror -- Chapter VI: Scientists at War -- Chapter VII: Thermidorean Convention and Directory -- Chapter VIII: Bonaparte and the Scientific Community -- Chapter IX: Positivist Science -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliography -- Index Front Matter Table of Contents ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I: Science and Politics under the Constituent Assembly CHAPTER II: Education, Science, and Politics CHAPTER III: The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science: CHAPTER IV: The Metric System CHAPTER V: Science and the Terror CHAPTER VI: Scientists at War CHAPTER VII: Thermidorean Convention and Directory CHAPTER VIII: Bonaparte and the Scientific Community CHAPTER IX: Positivist Science ACKNOWLEDGMENTS BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX Index Bibliography Acknowledgments 9. Positivist Science 8. Bonaparte and the Scientific Community 7. Thermidorean Convention and Directory 6. Scientists at War 5. Science and the Terror 4. The Metric System 3. The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science: Rise and Fall 2. Education, Science, and Politics 1. Science and Politics under the Constituent Assembly Introduction Abbreviations Cover Title page, Copyright Contents 4. The École Normale de l'an III -- 5. The École Polytechnique -- 6. The École de Santé and Clinical Medicine -- CHAPTER VIII. Bonaparte and the Scientific Community -- 1. Monge in Italy, 1796-1798 -- 2. The Egyptian Expedition -- 3. The Idéologues and 18 Brumaire -- 4. The Consulate, 1799-1804 -- 5. Napoleon and Science -- CHAPTER IX. Positivist Science -- 1. Discipline Formation -- 2. Comparative Anatomy -- 3. Experimental Physiology -- 4. Mathematical Physics -- 5. Conclusion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y COVER -- CONTENTS -- ABBREVIATIONS -- Introduction -- CHAPTER I. Science and Politics under the Constituent Assembly -- 1. Science and Politics in 1789 -- 2. Bailly and the Constituent Assembly -- 3. Lavoisier and the Arsenal -- 4. Vicq d'Azyr and the Reform of Medicine -- 5. Condorcet and Truth in Politics -- 6. Condorcet, Bailly, and the Governance of Paris -- 7. Political Economy -- 8. Varennes and the Champ-de-Mars -- CHAPTER II. Education, Science, and Politics -- 1. Scientists in the Legislative Assembly -- 2. The Condorcet Plan for National Education -- 3. Talleyrand's Educational Proposal -- 4. The Educational Legacy of the Old Regime -- 5. The Political Setting -- 6. The Convention -- 7. Education and Science -- CHAPTER III. The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science: Rise and Fall -- 1. Natural History and Theoretical Science -- 2. The Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle -- 3. The Academy of Science in the Revolutionary Climate -- 4. Artisans and Inventors -- 5. The Last Year of the Academy -- CHAPTER IV. The Metric System -- 1. Background -- 2. Proposals -- 3. Methods and Instruments -- 4. Operations in the Field -- 5. The Provisional Meter -- CHAPTER V. Science and the Terror -- 1. Terror and Expropriation -- 2. The Republican Calendar -- 3. The Observatory of Paris -- 4. The Collège de France -- 5. Individual Destinies -- 6. The Calvary of Condorcet -- CHAPTER VI. Scientists at War -- 1. The Monge Connection -- 2. Weaponry -- 3. The Mobilization of Scientists -- 4. Munitions and Guns -- 5. Inventions -- 6. Natural History and Conquest -- 7. Effects of Wartime: Science and the State -- CHAPTER VII. Thermidorean Convention and Directory -- 1. Institutionalization of French Science, 1794-1804 -- 2. Institut de France, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, and Bureau des Longitudes -- 3. Completion of the Metric System Science and politics under the constituent assembly -- Education, science, and politics -- The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science : rise and fall -- The metric system -- Science and the terror -- Scientists at war -- Thermidorean convention and directory -- Bonaparte and the scientific community -- Positivist science. Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations -- Chapter V. Science and the Terror -- Chapter IX. Positivist Science -- Chapter III. The Museum of Natural History and the Academy of Science: Rise and Fall -- Index Chapter VI. Scientists at War -- Chapter VIII. Bonaparte and the Scientific Community -- Chapter I. Science and Politics under the Constituent Assembly -- Chapter VII. Thermidorean Convention and Directory -- Chapter IV. The Metric System -- Chapter II. Education, Science, and Politics -- Frontmatter -- Introduction -- Bibliography -- |
| Title | Science and polity in France |
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