The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana
The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate, and evidence here suggests that the individual is more closely related to all Native American populations than to any others, refuting the hypo...
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| Published in | Nature (London) Vol. 506; no. 7487; pp. 225 - 229 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
13.02.2014
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate, and evidence here suggests that the individual is more closely related to all Native American populations than to any others, refuting the hypothesis that the Clovis people arrived via European (Solutrean) migration to the Americas.
Ancient genome maps Native American ancestry
The Clovis complex is an archaeological culture distributed widely in North America. Dating to around 13,000 years ago it is characterized by distinct stone tools including a spear blade known as the Clovis point. Just who made these tools has been a subject of much speculation based on sparse information. There is now more to go on with the publication of the first genome sequence of an ancient North American individual. The genome is that of a male infant (Anzick-1) from the Clovis burial at the Anzick site in Montana. The partial skeleton, buried about 12,600 years ago, was found in association with scores of ochre-painted stone tools. Its genome is from a population from which contemporary Native Americans are descended and is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any others. These findings refute the hypothesis that the Clovis people migrated from Europe, are consistent with a human occupation of the Americas a few thousand years before Clovis, and suggest that contemporary Native Americans are descendants of the first people to settle successfully in the Americas.
Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700
14
C years before present (
bp)
(13,000 to 12,600 calendar years
bp
)
1
,
2
. Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology
3
. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans
2
. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum
4
. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35
14
C years
bp
(approximately 12,707–12,556 calendar years
bp
) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal’ta population
5
into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years
bp
. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 (14)C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual.Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 (14)C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate, and evidence here suggests that the individual is more closely related to all Native American populations than to any others, refuting the hypothesis that the Clovis people arrived via European (Solutrean) migration to the Americas. Ancient genome maps Native American ancestry The Clovis complex is an archaeological culture distributed widely in North America. Dating to around 13,000 years ago it is characterized by distinct stone tools including a spear blade known as the Clovis point. Just who made these tools has been a subject of much speculation based on sparse information. There is now more to go on with the publication of the first genome sequence of an ancient North American individual. The genome is that of a male infant (Anzick-1) from the Clovis burial at the Anzick site in Montana. The partial skeleton, buried about 12,600 years ago, was found in association with scores of ochre-painted stone tools. Its genome is from a population from which contemporary Native Americans are descended and is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any others. These findings refute the hypothesis that the Clovis people migrated from Europe, are consistent with a human occupation of the Americas a few thousand years before Clovis, and suggest that contemporary Native Americans are descendants of the first people to settle successfully in the Americas. Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 .sup.14C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp).sup.1,2. Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology.sup.3. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans.sup.2. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum.sup.4. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 [plus or minus] 35 .sup.14C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population.sup.5 into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 (14)C years before present (bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans. An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 (14)C years bp (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years bp) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14 C years BP (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years BP) 1 , 2 . Nearly fifty years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology 3 . However, both the origins and genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain debated. It is argued that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans 2 . An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors immigrated from Southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 4 . Here, we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705±35 14 C years BP (CAMS-80538; c. 12,707–12,556 calendar years BP) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal′ta individual 5 into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened prior to 12,600 years BP. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that pre-dates the Anzick-1 individual. The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate, and evidence here suggests that the individual is more closely related to all Native American populations than to any others, refuting the hypothesis that the Clovis people arrived via European (Solutrean) migration to the Americas. The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate, and evidence here suggests that the individual is more closely related to all Native American populations than to any others, refuting the hypothesis that the Clovis people arrived via European (Solutrean) migration to the Americas. Ancient genome maps Native American ancestry The Clovis complex is an archaeological culture distributed widely in North America. Dating to around 13,000 years ago it is characterized by distinct stone tools including a spear blade known as the Clovis point. Just who made these tools has been a subject of much speculation based on sparse information. There is now more to go on with the publication of the first genome sequence of an ancient North American individual. The genome is that of a male infant (Anzick-1) from the Clovis burial at the Anzick site in Montana. The partial skeleton, buried about 12,600 years ago, was found in association with scores of ochre-painted stone tools. Its genome is from a population from which contemporary Native Americans are descended and is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any others. These findings refute the hypothesis that the Clovis people migrated from Europe, are consistent with a human occupation of the Americas a few thousand years before Clovis, and suggest that contemporary Native Americans are descendants of the first people to settle successfully in the Americas. Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 14 C years before present ( bp) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years bp ) 1 , 2 . Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology 3 . However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans 2 . An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum 4 . Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 ± 35 14 C years bp (approximately 12,707–12,556 calendar years bp ) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal’ta population 5 into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years bp . We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 C-14 years before present (BP) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years BP)(1,2). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology(3). However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary Native Americans(2). An alternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum(4). Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705 +/- 35 C-14 years BP (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years BP) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4x and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population(5) into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years BP. We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from 11,100 to 10,700 ^sup 14^C years before present (BP) (13,000 to 12,600 calendar years BP). Nearly 50 years of archaeological research point to the Clovis complex as having developed south of the North American ice sheets from an ancestral technology. However, both the origins and the genetic legacy of the people who manufactured Clovis tools remain under debate. It is generally believed that these people ultimately derived from Asia and were directly related to contemporary NativeAmericans. Analternative, Solutrean, hypothesis posits that the Clovis predecessors emigrated from southwestern Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum. Here we report the genome sequence of a male infant (Anzick-1) recovered from the Anzick burial site in western Montana. The human bones date to 10,705±35 ^sup 14^C years BP (approximately 12,707-12,556 calendar years BP) and were directly associated with Clovis tools. We sequenced the genome to an average depth of 14.4× and show that the gene flow from the Siberian Upper Palaeolithic Mal'ta population into Native American ancestors is also shared by the Anzick-1 individual and thus happened before 12,600 years BP.We also show that the Anzick-1 individual is more closely related to all indigenous American populations than to any other group.Our data are compatible with the hypothesis that Anzick-1 belonged to a population directly ancestral to many contemporary Native Americans. Finally, we find evidence of a deep divergence in Native American populations that predates the Anzick-1 individual. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] |
| Audience | Academic |
| Author | Waters, Michael R. Heintzman, Peter D. V, Samuel Stockton White Cornejo, Omar E. Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand Malhi, Ripan S. Barnes, Ian Anzick, Sarah L. Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Gupta, Ramneek Stafford, Thomas W. Manica, Andrea Karmin, Monika Tambets, Kristiina Poznik, G. David Meltzer, David J. Pierre, Tracey L. Orlando, Ludovic Balloux, Francois Brunak, Søren Nielsen, Rasmus Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo Collins, Matthew Bustamante, Carlos D. Jakobsson, Mattias Doyle, Shane M. Eriksson, Anders Albrechtsen, Anders Gudmundsdottir, Valborg Metspalu, Mait Saag, Lauri Lopes, Margarida C. Yadav, Rachita Willerslev, Eske Rasmussen, Simon Skoglund, Pontus Moltke, Ida Stenderup, Jesper Rasmussen, Morten Allentoft, Morten E. Warmuth, Vera M. DeGiorgio, Michael |
| AuthorAffiliation | 2 Anzick Family, 31 Old Clyde Park Road, Livingston, MT, USA 20 Department of Anthropology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 209F Davenport Hall, 607 Matthews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 USA 8 The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark 10 Department of Native American Studies, Montana State University, Box 5103, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA 11 Program in Biomedical Informatics and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 24 Center for Evolutionary and Human Genomics, Stanford University, Littlefield Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA 5 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 4134 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 9 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, CLSC 4th floor, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 14 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 21 BioArCh, Departments of Biology, Archaeology and Chemistry, University of York, Wentworth Way, York, YO10 5DD, UK – name: 2 Anzick Family, 31 Old Clyde Park Road, Livingston, MT, USA – name: 22 MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modeling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK – name: 1 Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – name: 18 Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA – name: 24 Center for Evolutionary and Human Genomics, Stanford University, Littlefield Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA – name: 19 Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK – name: 14 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010, Tartu, Estonia – name: 8 The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark – name: 16 King Abdullah University for Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia – name: 25 Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden – name: 17 School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK – name: 11 Program in Biomedical Informatics and Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA – name: 15 Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK – name: 7 Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark – name: 23 Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Littlefield Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA – name: 5 Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 4134 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA – name: 6 AMS 14C Dating Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark – name: 10 Department of Native American Studies, Montana State University, Box 5103, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA – name: 20 Department of Anthropology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 209F Davenport Hall, 607 Matthews Ave. Urbana, IL 61801 USA – name: 9 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E. 58th Street, CLSC 4th floor, Chicago, IL 60637, USA – name: 3 Center for the Study of the First Americans, Departments of Anthropology and Geography, Texas A&M University, 4352 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4352, USA – name: 13 School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Eastlick Hall 395, Pullman, WA 99164, USA – name: 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden – name: 12 Anthropology Department, Ph.D. Program, University of Montana, 4100 Mullan Rd. #217, Missoula, MT 59808, USA |
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David organization: Program in Biomedical Informatics and Department of Statistics, Stanford University – sequence: 12 givenname: Valborg surname: Gudmundsdottir fullname: Gudmundsdottir, Valborg organization: Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark – sequence: 13 givenname: Rachita surname: Yadav fullname: Yadav, Rachita organization: Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark – sequence: 14 givenname: Anna-Sapfo surname: Malaspinas fullname: Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – sequence: 15 givenname: Samuel Stockton White surname: V fullname: V, Samuel Stockton White organization: Anthropology Department, PhD Program, University of Montana, 4100 Mullan Road, no. 217, Missoula, Montana 59808, USA – sequence: 16 givenname: Morten E. surname: Allentoft fullname: Allentoft, Morten E. organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – sequence: 17 givenname: Omar E. surname: Cornejo fullname: Cornejo, Omar E. organization: School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Eastlick Hall 395, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA – sequence: 18 givenname: Kristiina surname: Tambets fullname: Tambets, Kristiina organization: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia – sequence: 19 givenname: Anders surname: Eriksson fullname: Eriksson, Anders organization: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK, Integrative Systems Biology Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – sequence: 20 givenname: Peter D. surname: Heintzman fullname: Heintzman, Peter D. organization: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK – sequence: 21 givenname: Monika surname: Karmin fullname: Karmin, Monika organization: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia – sequence: 22 givenname: Thorfinn Sand surname: Korneliussen fullname: Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – sequence: 23 givenname: David J. surname: Meltzer fullname: Meltzer, David J. organization: Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University – sequence: 24 givenname: Tracey L. surname: Pierre fullname: Pierre, Tracey L. organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – sequence: 25 givenname: Jesper surname: Stenderup fullname: Stenderup, Jesper organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – sequence: 26 givenname: Lauri surname: Saag fullname: Saag, Lauri organization: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia – sequence: 27 givenname: Vera M. surname: Warmuth fullname: Warmuth, Vera M. organization: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK – sequence: 28 givenname: Margarida C. surname: Lopes fullname: Lopes, Margarida C. organization: Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK – sequence: 29 givenname: Ripan S. surname: Malhi fullname: Malhi, Ripan S. organization: Department of Anthropology and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 209F Davenport Hall, 607 Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA – sequence: 30 givenname: Søren surname: Brunak fullname: Brunak, Søren organization: Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark – sequence: 31 givenname: Thomas surname: Sicheritz-Ponten fullname: Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas organization: Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark – sequence: 32 givenname: Ian surname: Barnes fullname: Barnes, Ian organization: School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK , Present addresses: Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK (I.B.); Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 502 Wartik Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA (M.D.) – sequence: 33 givenname: Matthew surname: Collins fullname: Collins, Matthew organization: Departments of Biology, BioArCh, Archaeology and Chemistry, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK – sequence: 34 givenname: Ludovic surname: Orlando fullname: Orlando, Ludovic organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark – sequence: 35 givenname: Francois surname: Balloux fullname: Balloux, Francois organization: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Outbreak, Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College London, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London W2 1PG, UK – sequence: 36 givenname: Andrea surname: Manica fullname: Manica, Andrea organization: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK – sequence: 37 givenname: Ramneek surname: Gupta fullname: Gupta, Ramneek organization: Department of Systems Biology, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 208, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark – sequence: 38 givenname: Mait surname: Metspalu fullname: Metspalu, Mait organization: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Estonian Biocentre and University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia – sequence: 39 givenname: Carlos D. surname: Bustamante fullname: Bustamante, Carlos D. organization: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Littlefield Center, Center for Evolutionary and Human Genomics, Stanford University, Littlefield Center – sequence: 40 givenname: Mattias surname: Jakobsson fullname: Jakobsson, Mattias organization: Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden – sequence: 41 givenname: Rasmus surname: Nielsen fullname: Nielsen, Rasmus organization: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 4134 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, California 94720, USA – sequence: 42 givenname: Eske surname: Willerslev fullname: Willerslev, Eske email: ewillerslev@snm.ku.dk organization: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24522598$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220281$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally Current address: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 502 Wartik Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA |
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| Snippet | The first individual genome from the Clovis culture is presented; the origins and genetic legacy of the people who made Clovis tools have been under debate,... Clovis, with its distinctive biface, blade and osseous technologies, is the oldest widespread archaeological complex defined in North America, dating from... |
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| SubjectTerms | 631/181/19/27 Analysis Archaeology Asia - ethnology Bone and Bones Burial Chromosomes, Human, Y - genetics Clovis culture Confidence intervals Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics Emigration and Immigration - history Europe - ethnology Gene Flow - genetics Genetic aspects Genome, Human - genetics Genomes Genotype & phenotype Haplotypes - genetics History, Ancient Human genome Human remains Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Hypotheses Indians, North American - genetics Indigenous peoples Infant letter Male Maximum likelihood method Mitochondrial DNA Models, Genetic Molecular Sequence Data Montana multidisciplinary Native North Americans Paleo-Indians Phylogeny Pleistocene Population Population Dynamics Radiometric Dating Science |
| Title | The genome of a Late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana |
| URI | https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature13025 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24522598 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1500941901 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1499148093 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4878442 https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220281 |
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