Using Writing Instruments: Invariances in Young Children and Adults

• Published in: Child development Vol. 69; no. 4; pp. 888 - 902
• Main Authors: Greer, Tammy, Lockman, Jeffrey J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.08.1998; University of Chicago Press; Blackwell; University of Chicago Press for the Society for Research in Child Development, etc
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Age; Age Differences; Age Factors; Age groups; Analysis of Variance; Behavioral Variability; Biobehavioral Development, Perception, and Action; Biological and medical sciences; Child; Child Development; Child psychology; Child, Preschool; Children; Children & youth; Comparative Analysis; Coordinate systems; Cross-Sectional Studies; Development; Development theory; Developmental psychology; Developmental Stages; Female; Fingers; Followup Studies; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Grip Classification; Hand - physiology; Hand strength; Handwriting; Humans; Individual Development; Male; Missing data; Motor ability; Motor Skills - physiology; Movement - physiology; Orientation - physiology; Pencil Holding; Posture - physiology; Preschool Children; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Psychomotor Performance - physiology; Regression Analysis; Writing Ability; Writing Implements; Writing Patterns; Writing pens; Writing systems; Youth; Human; Preschool age; Psychomotor development; Gripping; Hand writing; Adult; Manual activity; Experimental study; Child; Motricity

In 2 studies, developmental changes in variability associated with handwriting were investigated. In Study 1, variability in grip patterns and pen positioning relative to a flat surface were examined in 3- and 5-year-olds and adults. The results indicated that between 3 and 5 years of age there is a...