Safeguards and Antidumping in Latin American Trade Liberalization Fighting Fire with Fire
Until the 1990s, the main users of safeguards and antidumping laws were Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States. Since then, many countries have implemented such laws, leading to a proliferation in antidumping and safeguard activity across the world. This timely book documents t...
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| Main Authors | , |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook Book |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Herndon
World Bank Publications
2005
The World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan |
| Edition | 1 |
| Series | Trade and Development |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Until the 1990s, the main users of safeguards and antidumping laws were Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States. Since then, many countries have implemented such laws, leading to a proliferation in antidumping and safeguard activity across the world. This timely book documents the political economy surrounding the implementation of these laws in seven Latin American countries and provides details on the institutions created, implementation of the laws, and subsequent activity. It finds that, in the larger political context, antidumping and safeguards are a necessary quid pro quo to certain important sectors to obtain much more liberalized trade policies for the general economy. |
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| AbstractList | Until the 1990s, the main users of safeguards and antidumping laws were Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States. Since then, many countries have implemented such laws, leading to a proliferation in antidumping and safeguard activity across the world. This timely book documents the political economy surrounding the implementation of these laws in seven Latin American countries and provides details on the institutions created, implementation of the laws, and subsequent activity. It finds that, in the larger political context, antidumping and safeguards are a necessary quid pro quo to certain important sectors to obtain much more liberalized trade policies for the general economy. This book is a report on success-success in trade liberalization and in the removal of trade barriers so as to integrate Latin American economies into the international economy. More particularly, this book is about how several Latin American governments created and managed safeguards and antidumping mechanisms as part of this liberalization. The core of this book is a set of studies describing how seven Latin American countries-Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Peru-have used these trade instruments. Each country study was conducted by analysts from that country. Many of the analysts were high government officials during their country's liberalization, so they have hands-on experience with the construction and the management of these instruments. |
| Author | Finger, J. Michael Nogues, Julio J |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Salvaguardias y antidumping en la liberalizacion comercial de America Latina : combatiendo el fuego con fuego |
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| Editor | Julio J. Nogues J. Michael Finger |
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| Keywords | TRADE FLOWS TRADE REFORM SAFEGUARDS AND ANTIDUMPING LAWS FOREIGN TRADE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION REGIONAL AGREEMENTS SAFEGUARD MEASURES POLICY MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL TRADE REAL EXCHANGE RATE TRADE LIBERALIZATION PROTECTION, PROTECTIONISM WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION – WTO ANTIDUMPING DUTIES TRADE POLICIES ANTIDUMPING WTO RULES TARIFF RATE SAFEGUARDS |
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| Publisher | World Bank Publications The World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan |
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| Snippet | Until the 1990s, the main users of safeguards and antidumping laws were Australia, Canada, the European Union, and the United States. Since then, many... This book is a report on success-success in trade liberalization and in the removal of trade barriers so as to integrate Latin American economies into the... |
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| SubjectTerms | ACCORD AD VALOREM AGREEMENT ON TEXTILES AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING ANTIDUMPING BEING ANTIDUMPING CASES ANTIDUMPING CODE ANTIDUMPING DUTIES ANTIDUMPING DUTY ANTIDUMPING MEASURES ANTIDUMPING POLICIES ANTIDUMPING REGULATIONS ANTIDUMPING RULES APPAREL APPLICABLE LAW APPLIED TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF BENCHMARK BILATERAL AGREEMENTS CENTRAL BANK COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMMON MARKET COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT CONSUMERS COUNTERVAILING DUTIES COUNTERVAILING DUTY INVESTIGATION COUNTERVAILING MEASURES CURRENCY CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT CUSTOMS CUSTOMS POLICY CUSTOMS VALUE DEVALUATION DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC SUPPORT Dumping (International trade) DUMPING MARGIN ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC SITUATION ECONOMIC STABILIZATION EUROPEAN UNION EXCHANGE RATE REGIME EXPORT PRICE EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRIES EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFF FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN TRADE FOREIGN TRADE POLICY FOREIGN TRADE REGULATION FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE AREA OF THE AMERICAS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HOME MARKET HOME MARKET PRICE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT COMPETITION IMPORT CONTROLS IMPORT LICENSES IMPORT LICENSING IMPORT LICENSING REQUIREMENTS IMPORT PRICES IMPORT PROHIBITIONS IMPORT REGIMES IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRIALIZATION INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES INDUSTRY INFLATION INJURY DETERMINATIONS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY INTERNATIONAL NEGOTIATIONS INTERNATIONAL PRICES INTERNATIONAL RULES INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS INVESTIGATING AUTHORITY INVESTMENT FLOWS ITC Latin America LATIN AMERICAN Law and legislation MACROECONOMIC BALANCE MONOPOLY MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL RULES NAFTA NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT OPEN TRADE OPENNESS ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OVERVALUATION POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS PROTECTION MEASURES PROTECTIONISM PROTECTIONIST PRESSURES PROTECTIVE MEASURES QUOTAS REAL EXCHANGE RATE REAL GDP REMOVAL OF TRADE BARRIERS ROUND AGREEMENTS SAFEGUARD ACTION SAFEGUARD ACTIONS SAFEGUARD MEASURES TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURES TOURISM TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE FLOWS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE LIBERALIZATION EFFORTS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE OPENNESS TRADE POLICY TRADE PRACTICES TRADE PROTECTION TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGULATION TRADE RELATIONS TRADE REMEDIES TRADE RESTRICTIONS UNDERVALUATION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNFAIR PRACTICES URUGUAY ROUND WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| Subtitle | Fighting Fire with Fire |
| TableOfContents | Notes -- References -- 3 Antidumping and Safeguard Mechanisms: The Brazilian Experience, 1988-2003 -- Introduction -- The Import Policy in Brazil, 1987-2003 -- Overview -- The 1988-89 Period -- The 1990-93 Period -- The 1994-98 Period -- The 1999-2003 Period -- Evolution of Imports -- The Brazilian Antidumping and Safeguard System -- Legal, Institutional, and Operational Aspects -- Brazilian Experience with Antidumping and Safeguard Measures -- Antidumping in Brazil -- Safeguards in Brazil -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 4 Keeping Animal Spirits Asleep: The Case of Chile -- Introduction -- Development of Chilean Legislation on Unfair Competition -- Application of Measures over Time -- Experiences with Investigations and Applications of Measures -- Application of Antidumping Duties -- Application of Safeguard Measures -- Review and Evaluation of the Chilean Institutional Framework -- Notes -- References -- 5 Application of Safeguards and Antidumping Duties in Colombia -- Introduction -- The Recent Evolution of Trade Policy -- The Opening of Trade -- Regional Negotiations -- Main Institutional Reforms -- Evolution of Antidumping and Safeguard Rules -- Background of Antidumping Legislation -- Current Antidumping Regulations -- Causes for the Application of Duties -- Evidence to Be Submitted -- Procedures, Instances, and Time Frames -- Duration of the Measures -- Background of the Legislation on Safeguards -- Current Regulations on Safeguards -- WTO Safeguard -- Causes for Measures -- Evidence to Be Submitted -- Procedures, Instances, and Terms -- Terms of the Safeguard Measures -- Special Safeguard Decree -- Analysis of Dumping and Safeguard Investigations in Colombia -- Evolution of Investigations, 1990-2004 -- Sectors Applying for Investigation -- Two Case Studies -- Rice -- Sector Evolution -- Use of Trade Defenses -- Textiles and Apparel Sector Evolution -- Use of Trade Defenses -- Political Economy and the Use of Safeguards and Antidumping Measures in Colombia -- The Role of the Instruments -- The Role of Institutions -- The Role of the Applicants and the Affected Counterparts -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 6 Antidumping Policies and Safeguard Measures in the Context of Costa Rica's Economic Liberalization -- Introduction -- Economic Liberalization: from Import Substitution to Export Promotion -- What Motivated the Liberalization of the Economy? -- What Was the Economic Liberalization Model, and How Was It Implemented? -- The Response of Costa Rica's Economy to Economic Liberalization: A Long-Term Vision -- Legal Framework -- Antidumping Measures -- Antidumping Measures at the Multilateral Level -- Antidumping Measures in the Central American Common Market -- Antidumping in the Free Trade Agreement with Mexico -- Treatment of Dumping in Other Free Trade Agreements -- Safeguard Measures -- Safeguard Measures at the Multilateral Level -- Safeguards in the Central American Common Market -- Safeguards in the Free Trade Agreement with Mexico -- Safeguards in the Free Trade Agreement with Chile -- Safeguards in the Free Trade Agreement with the Dominican Republic -- Safeguards in the Free Trade Agreement with Canada -- Institutional Framework -- Costa Rica's Experience with Antidumping and Safeguard Cases -- An Analysis of Cases of Applications for Alleged Dumping Practices -- The Refrigerators Case -- An Analysis of the Applications for Safeguard Measures -- The Burlap Bags Case -- Summary of Cases -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- 7 Antidumping and Safeguard Measures in the Political Economy of Liberalization: the Mexican Case -- Introduction -- Trade Liberalization and Contingent Trade-Protection Instruments -- Trade Liberalization and Economic Reform in Mexico Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Reference -- Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- Introduction -- Reflections on the Country Studies -- Political Economy of Antidumping and Safeguards in Argentina, by Julio J. Nogués and Elías Baracat (Chapter 2) -- Antidumping -- Safeguards -- Lessons -- Antidumping and Safeguard Mechanisms: The Brazilian Experience, 1988-2003, by Honorio Kume and Guida Piani (Chapter 3) -- Reforms -- Administering Institutions -- Experience -- Lessons -- Keeping Animal Spirits Asleep: The Case of Chile, by Sebastián Sáez (Chapter 4) -- Chile's Economic Reforms -- Initial Experience -- Current Instruments and Administration -- Structural Sources of Discipline -- Statutory Discipline -- Widespread Support -- Lesson -- Application of Safeguards and Antidumping Duties in Colombia, by Mauricio Reina and Sandra Zuluaga (Chapter 5) -- Lesson -- Antidumping Policies and Safeguard Measures in the Context of Costa Rica's Economic Liberalization, by Ricardo Monge-González and Francisco Monge-Ariño (Chapter 6) -- Regulations and Organization -- Experience -- Lessons -- Antidumping and Safeguard Measures in the Political Economy of Liberalization: The Mexican Case, by Luz Elena Reyes de la Torre and Jorge G. González (Chapter 7) -- International Competition-Normal versus Abnormal -- Emergency Measures -- Lessons -- Antidumping Mechanisms and Safeguards in Peru, by Richard Webb, Josefina Camminati, and Raúl León Thorne Chapter 8) -- Institutional Reform and Indecopi -- Role of the Indecopi Commissions -- Outcome -- Lessons -- Scope and Background of the Reforms -- Trade Defense Use-The Overall Record -- Rationale for Antidumping Mechanisms -- Rationale for Safeguard Mechanisms -- Decision-Making Bodies -- Sources of Discipline -- Recommendations for WTO Rules The Rules Are Too Generous -- Overcoming Conflicts Created by the Economic Content of the Rules -- Notes -- References -- 2 Political Economy of Antidumping and Safeguards in Argentina -- Introduction -- Trade Liberalization and Exchange Rate Policies -- Trade Liberalization Program -- Exchange Rate Policies -- Growth, Crisis, and Unemployment -- Trade Performance -- Summary of Trade Liberalization and Exchange Rate Policies -- Reform of Antidumping and Safeguard Legislation -- External and Domestic Pressures for the Reform of Legislation -- Political Economy of Antidumping and Safeguard Legislation -- Safeguard Measures -- Summary of Reforms to Antidumping and Safeguard Legislation -- Creation of the CNCE -- Role of Injury -- Obstacles to Creating an Independent Agency -- Decision-Making Mechanism -- Staffing and Budget -- Summary of CNCE's Creation -- Determinants of the Petitions and Outcomes of Antidumping Investigations -- Effect of Political Determination and Economic Cycles -- Winners and Losers of the Antidumping Mechanism -- Overvaluation and the Incidence of Injury Determinations -- Dumping Determinations and Antidumping Measures -- Overvaluation and Pressure to Shift to U.S.-Like Antidumping Legislation -- Summary of Determinants of the Petitions and Outcomes of Antidumping Investigations -- Use of Safeguards -- Safeguards under Article XIX of GATT and the WTO Safeguards Agreement -- Textile and Clothing Safeguards -- Summary of Use of Safeguards -- Lessons from This Chapter's Analysis -- Liberalization and Contingent Protection -- Currency Overvaluation and Contingent Protection -- Flexibility of WTO-Based Antidumping Regulations -- Political Economy Implications of Multilateral Safeguard Regulations -- Antidumping and Safeguards in the Mercosur -- Political Determination and the Demand for Antidumping Protection -- Resource Constraints Legal Rules and Procedures Mexico's First Antidumping Legislation and Its Adherence to the Antidumping Code as a Contracting Party -- Contingent Trade-Protection Instruments during NAFTA Negotiations -- The Negotiation Context -- Bilateral Panels and Agreements on Domestic Legal Reforms -- Bilateral and Global Safeguards -- The Amendment of the Antidumping Legal Framework in 1993 and Its Ensuing Institutional Reform -- The 1993 Foreign Trade Act -- Institutional Reform: Creation of the Unit on International Trade Practices -- Attempts to Create a National Foreign Trade Commission -- Antidumping and Safeguard Investigations and Their Final Determinations (1987-2003) -- Requests, Initiations, and Types of Investigations -- Breakdown of Investigations by Country and Sector -- Safeguard Cases: Almost Nonexistent? -- Lessons: Case Studies -- The China Package and Multicountry-Multiproduct Steel Cases -- Mechanisms to Mitigate the Negative Effects of Antidumping Duties -- Lesser Duty Rule -- The Diiodohydroxyquinoline Case -- The Connectors, Tripolyphosphate, and Hydrogen Peroxide Cases -- The Sulfuric Acid Case and the "Public Interest" Clause -- Changes in the Application of the Lesser Duty Rule -- End-Use Certificates -- Statement of Exclusiveness -- The Unitary Approach to International Prices and the Causal Link: The Bond Paper Case -- Final Considerations -- Notes -- References -- 8 Antidumping Mechanisms and Safeguards in Peru -- Introduction -- Peru's Trade Policy -- Evolution of Peru's Trade Policy -- Economic and Political Context of the Liberalization -- Immediate Background of the 1990 Reform -- The New Economic Policy -- The New Foreign Trade Policy -- Antidumping and Safeguards -- Institutional Reform -- National Institute for the Defense of Competition and the Protection of Intellectual Property (Indecopi) -- The Commission for Control of Dumping and Subsidies |
| Title | Safeguards and Antidumping in Latin American Trade Liberalization |
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