Soil Aeration and Its Role for Plants

• Main Authors: Gliński, Jan, Stępniewski, Witold
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Milton CRC Press 1985; Taylor & Francis Group
• Edition: 1
• Series: CRC revivals
• Subjects: Root Respiration; Respiratory Activity; Diffusion Coefficient; Deficient Aeration; Soil Aeration Status; Soil Submergence; Soil Moisture Tension; Soil Respiration; Soil Respiratory Activity; Helium Ionization Detector; Soil Air Composition; Oxygen Diffusion Coefficient; Saturated Calomel Electrode; Soil Air; Anoxic Conditions; Root Anoxia; Continuous Air Flow; Moisture Tension; Soddy Podzolic Soil; Gas Diffusion Coefficient; Ingen Housz; Dry Ice Acetone Bath; Moisture Content; Soil Oxygenation Status; Stomata Closure

This book is directed to the interests of workers on soil aeration. Due to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject it may also be read by researchers, teachers, and students of agronomy, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil biology, ecology, and plant physiology.

Table of Contents:

• d. Calcium and Magnesium -- e. Sodium -- f. Chlorine -- g. Micronutrients -- B. Plant Response to Oxygen Surplus -- C. Plant Response to Carbon Dioxide -- D. Plant Response to Ethylene -- II. Indirect Effects of Deficient Aeration on Plants -- A. Redox Potential -- B. Soil Reaction -- C. Nutrient Availability -- D. Toxic Substances in a Reduced Soil Environment -- E. Pathogens and Pests -- III. Flooding Tolerance and Adaptation of Plant Species -- IV. Summary -- Chapter 6: Measuring Soil Aeration -- I. Air-Filled Porosity -- II. Air Permeability -- III. Diffusion Coefficient of Gases -- IV. Soil Respiration -- A. Laboratory Techniques -- B. Field Methods -- V. Soil Air Composition -- A. Analytical Methods -- 1. Oxygen -- 2. Carbon Dioxide -- 3. Ethylene -- 4. Methane -- 5. Nitrogenous Gases -- 6. Hydrogen -- 7. Hydrogen Sulfide -- 8. Simultaneous Determination of Many Soil Gases -- B. Sampling the Soil Air -- VI. Oxygen Diffusion Rate (ODR) -- A. Principle of the Method -- B. Equipment -- VII. Redox Potential -- VIII. Other Indicators -- Chapter 7: A Look Ahead -- References -- Index
• Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- PREFACE -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Oxygen Uptake and Carbon Dioxide Production in the Soil Environment -- I. Respiration and Fermentation - A General Description -- II. Respiration in the Soil -- A. Soil Microbial Respiration and Its Determinants -- 1. Soil Moisture -- 2. Temperature -- 3. Organic Amendments -- 4. Oxygen -- 5. Carbon Dioxide -- 6. Soil Air-Filled Porosity, Bulk Density, and Aggregate Size -- 7. Soil Reaction -- 8. Soil Minerals -- 9. Mineral Fertilization -- 10. Heavy Metals -- 11 . Pesticides -- 12. Other Factors -- B. Root Respiration -- 1. External Factors Influencing Root Respiration -- a. Oxygen -- b. Carbon Dioxide -- c. NPK Fertilization -- d. Ethylene -- e. Temperature -- f. Soil Mechanical Impedance -- g. Soil Salinity -- 2. Internal Factors Affecting Root Respiration -- C. Respiration of Germinating Seeds in Soil -- III. Soil Respiration in the Field or in Near Field Conditions -- A. Respiration Within the Soil Profile -- B. Diurnal and Seasonal Dynamics of Soil Respiration in the Field -- C. Effect of Cropping on Soil Respiration -- D. Other Factors -- IV. Summary -- Chapter 2: Gas Transport in the Soil Environment -- I. Mass Flow -- A. Air Permeability of Soil -- 1. Effect of Soil Moisture Tension -- 2. Effect of Soil Bulk Density -- 3. Effect of Air-Filled Porosity of Soil -- B. Factors Inducing Mass Flow in Soil -- 1. Variations in Soil Temperature -- 2. Fluctuation of Atmospheric Pressure -- 3. Changes of Soil Moisture -- 4. Wind Action -- II. Diffusion -- A. Principles of Gas Diffusion in a Porous Body -- B. Macrodiffusion (Diffusion Within the Soil Profile) -- I. Gas Diffusion Coefficient in Soil -- 2. Gas Diffusion Constant in Soil -- 3. Solution of Equations for Oxygen Diffusion in Soil -- a. Steady-State -- (I) Multilayer Profile
• (2) Monolayer Profile -- b. Transient-State -- (1) Two-Layer Profile with Respiring Top Layer -- (2) Monolayer Profile -- C. Diffusion Within Soil Aggregates -- D. Microdiffusion -- E. Diffusion Within Plants -- I. Radial Diffusion -- 2. Longitudinal Diffusion -- III. Summary -- Symbols and Units -- Chapter 3: Soil Air -- I. Air Content in Soil -- II. Soil Air Composition -- A. Oxygen -- B. Carbon Dioxide -- C. Nitrous Oxide -- D. Ethylene -- E. Methane and Other Hydrocarbons -- III. Summary -- Chapter 4: Biological and Chemical Processes Related to Soil Air -- I. Microbial Population, Respiration, and Enzyme Activity -- II. Redox Potential and Electron Activity in Soil -- III. Soil Reaction -- IV. Specific Conductance and Ionic Strength -- V. Nitrogen Transformations -- A. Denitrification -- B. Nitrification -- C. Nitrogen Fixation -- D. Ammonification -- VI. Manganese Transformations -- VII. Iron Transformations -- VIII. Sulfur Transformations -- IX. Solubility of Phosphorus -- X. Solubility of Other Elements -- XI. Hydrogen Transformations -- XII. Formation of Characteristic Organic Compounds -- A. Gases -- B. Organic Acids and Other Organic Compounds -- XIII. Soil Aeration and Pedogenesis -- A. Hydromorphic Soils -- B. Paddy Soils -- XIV. Summary -- Chapter 5: Soil Air and Plant Response -- I. Direct Effects of Soil Air on Plants -- A. Plant Response to Oxygen Deficiency -- l. Seedling Emergence -- 2. Root Respiration, Anoxic Metabolites in Plants, and Their Physiological Effects -- a. Oxygen Uptake by Roots -- b. Ethanol Accumulation in Plants -- c. Ethylene in Plants -- d. Other Anoxic Metabolites in Plant Tissue -- 3. Stomata Closure -- 4. Water Uptake -- 5. Plant Growth and Yield -- a. Root Response -- b. Shoot Response -- 6. Nutrient Uptake and Mineral Composition of Plants -- a. Nitrogen -- b. Phosphorus -- c. Potassium