Persistent Organic Pollutants Gaps in Management and Associated Challenges
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human well-being. Once released into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for a longer duration. Persistent Organic Pollutants: Gaps in...
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| Language | English |
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CRC Press
2022
Taylor & Francis Group |
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| Abstract | Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation
and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human well-being. Once released
into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for a longer duration.
Persistent Organic Pollutants: Gaps in Management and Associated Challenges highlights
the complex area of POPs in simple language and deals with the fundamentals of the
chemicals, their sources, and their impacts on human health.
Discusses previously known and newly developed POPs and their sources, effects,
and transport
Explains current and upcoming challenges in the management of POPs
Highlights new technologies for remediation and sound management of POPs
Covers measures taken for the elimination of POPs in various countries and the
role of the Stockholm Convention
With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for
professionals and students in chemical and environmental engineering and science working
to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human wellbeing. Once released into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for longer duration. This book highlights the complex area of POPs in simple language and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and impacts on human health.
The book also unfolds several other aspects like new and advanced analytical detection methods, gaps in management, effectiveness of the Stockholm convention, and the role of the global monitoring plan on POPs for crucial and holistic understanding about POPs. It also investigates how to minimize the impact of POPs and the major gaps and challenges in sound management of POPs.
With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for those studying and working to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment.
1. Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Global Issue, A Global Response. 2. Classical and Emerging POPs in Environment. 3.
Environmental Fate: Toxicity and Risk Assessment of POPs. 4. Effect of POPs on Human Health. 5. Recent Advancements and Drawbacks in Analytical methods for Detection of POPs. 6. Degradation Pathways of POPs in the Environment. 7. Effectiveness of Stockholm Convention: An Overview. 8. Alternatives of POPs for a Healthy Life. 9. Global Monitoring Plan on POPs. 10. Management of POPs: Current Gaps and Associated Challenges
Dr. Kanchan Kumari is Senior Scientist at CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, Assistant Professor, AcSIR and Contact Person at Stockholm Convention Regional Centre for Asia Region on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). She completed her Ph.D. in Environmental Toxicology. She has been with NEERI, Nagpur since 2011 and actively involved in research and development in the area of chemical wastes, particularly POPs along with ecology and biodiversity. She is leading various major project funded by UNEP, UNDP, World Bank, DBT, MoEF&CC, and CPCB as Principal Investigator. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human wellbeing. Once released into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for longer duration. This book highlights the complex area of POPs in simple language and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and impacts on human health. The book also unfolds several other aspects like new and advanced analytical detection methods, gaps in management, effectiveness of the Stockholm convention, and the role of the global monitoring plan on POPs for crucial and holistic understanding about POPs. It also investigates how to minimize the impact of POPs and the major gaps and challenges in sound management of POPs. With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for those studying and working to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human well-being. Once released into the environment they can travel long distances and persist for a longer duration. Persistent Organic Pollutants: Gaps in Management and Associated Challenges highlights the complex area of POPs in simple language and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and their impacts on human health. Discusses previously known and newly developed POPs and their sources, effects, and transport Explains current and upcoming challenges in the management of POPs Highlights new technologies for remediation and sound management of POPs Covers measures taken for the elimination of POPs in various countries and the role of the Stockholm Convention With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for professionals and students in chemical and environmental engineering and science working to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment. This book highlights the complex area of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and impacts on human health. With its comprehensive approach, this book is an indispensable source of knowledge for those studying and working to mitigate the effect of POPs in the environment. |
| Author | Kumari, Kanchan |
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| Keywords | PCB Congener POPs PLE Contaminated Site POPs Contamination Tamil Nadu degradation Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether pollution SC Pentabromodiphenyl Ether pesticides SDG UN White Rot Fungi PFCs Dechlorane Plus Endocrine Disruption PBDEs SCCPs Pop Pesticide Organochlorine Ng TEQ PFOA Stockholm POPs Exposure MAE dioxins Convention industrial POPs Level Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid chemical pollution POPs Chemical PCNs OCP |
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| Snippet | Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation
and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human well-being.... Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that resist environmental degradation and cause deleterious effects on the environment and human wellbeing.... This book highlights the complex area of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and deals with the fundamentals of the chemicals, their sources, and impacts on... |
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| SubjectTerms | chemical pollution Convention CRC degradation dioxins ENVIROnetBASE Environment & Health Environmental Health ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERINGnetBASE ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEnetBASE Heavy Chemicals IHC Default Subject Code industrial Organic compounds Organochlorine Persistent pollutants pesticides pollution Pollution Management POPs SCI-TECHnetBASE SDG STMnetBASE Stockholm |
| Subtitle | Gaps in Management and Associated Challenges |
| TableOfContents | References -- Chapter 3 Environmental Fate, Toxicity, and Risk Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Fate of POPs in the Environment -- 3.3 Atmospheric Fate and Intermediate Transport -- 3.3.1 POP Levels in Humans -- 3.3.2 POPs in Aquatic Organisms -- 3.3.3 POPs in Antarctic and Arctic Region -- 3.4 Toxicological Effects of POPs -- 3.4.1 Neurotoxic Effects of POPs -- 3.4.2 Effect on Immune System -- 3.4.3 Effect on Thyroid Hormone System -- 3.4.4 POPs as Endocrine Disrupters -- 3.4.5 Effect on Different Cellular Pathways -- 3.4.6 POPs as Liver Carcinogens -- 3.4.7 Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases -- 3.5 Persistent Organic Pollutants and Risk Assessment -- 3.6 Conclusion and Further Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4 Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) on Human Health -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of POPs Exposure in Humans -- 4.2.1 Mechanism of Exposure to POPs -- 4.2.2 POP Exposure in Human Blood -- 4.2.3 POP Exposure in Human Milk -- 4.3 Systemic Effects of POPs in Human Beings -- 4.3.1 Synergistic and Additive Effects -- 4.3.2 Endocrine Disruption -- 4.3.3 Reproductive Problems -- 4.3.4 Cardiovascular Problems -- 4.3.5 Cancer -- 4.3.6 Obesity -- 4.3.7 Diabetes -- 4.3.8 Other Health Problems -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Current Scenario of New Persistent Organic Pollutants in India: Review on Quantification Techniques -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods -- 5.2.1 Sampling Techniques -- 5.2.2 Sample Preparation -- 5.2.3 Instrumental Analysis -- 5.3 Results and Discussion -- 5.3.1 Current Scenario of New POPs in India -- 5.3.1.1 Pesticides -- 5.3.1.2 Chemicals Used in Polymers or Plastic Products -- 5.3.1.3 Flame Retardants -- 5.3.1.4 Mixed Usage -- 5.3.2 Extraction Techniques for New POPs -- 5.3.2.1 Soxhlet Extraction -- 5.3.2.2 Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction 7.4.1 POPs Listed in 2004 -- 7.4.1.1 Aldrin -- 7.4.1.2 Chlordane -- 7.4.1.3 Dieldrin -- 7.4.1.4 Endrin -- 7.4.1.5 Heptachlor -- 7.4.1.6 Mirex -- 7.4.1.7 Toxaphene -- 7.4.1.8 Hexachlorobenzene -- 7.4.1.9 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) -- 7.4.1.10 Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT) -- 7.4.1.11 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDD) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDF) -- 7.4.2 POPs Listed in 2009 COP.4 -- 7.4.2.1 Alpha-Hexeachlorocyclohexane -- 7.4.2.2 Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane -- 7.4.2.3 Chlordecone -- 7.4.2.4 Hexabromobiphenyl -- 7.4.2.5 Hexabromodiphenyl Ether and Heptabromodiphenyl Ether (Commercial Octabromodiphenyl ether) (Octa-BDE and Penta BDE) -- 7.4.2.6 Lindane -- 7.4.2.7 Pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) -- 7.4.2.8 Perfluorooctane Sulfonic acid (PFOs) -- 7.4.2.9 Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether and Pentabromodiphenyl Ether -- 7.4.3 POPs Listed in 2011 in COP.5 -- 7.4.3.1 Endosulfan -- 7.4.4 POPs Listed in 2013 in COP.6 -- 7.4.4.1 Hexabromocyclododecane -- 7.4.5 POPs Listed in 2015 COP.7 -- 7.4.5.1 Polychlorinated Naphthalenes (PCNs) -- 7.4.5.2 Pentachlorophenol and Its Salts -- 7.4.5.3 Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) -- 7.4.6 POPs Listed in 2017 in COP.8 -- 7.4.6.1 Decabromodiphenyl Ether (Deca-BDE) -- 7.4.6.2 Short-Chained Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) -- 7.4.7 POPs Listed in 2019 in COP.9 -- 7.4.7.1 Dicofol -- 7.4.7.2 Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), Its salts, and PFOA-Related Compounds -- 7.5 Implementation Challenges of POPs Rules in India -- 7.5.1 Monitoring and Regulations Capabilities -- 7.5.2 Updating the National Implementation Plan (NIP) -- 7.5.3 Data Gaps on the New POPs -- 7.5.4 Management of Stockpiles and Obsolete POPs -- 7.5.5 Adoption of Best Available Technology and Best Environmental Practices -- 7.5.6 Issues of Cross-Contamination -- 7.5.7 Public Information on POPs -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References Chapter 8 Alternatives to POPs for a healthy life -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 General Characteristics of POPs -- 8.3 Alternatives to POPs -- 8.3.1 Alternatives to Nine POP Pesticides -- 8.3.2 Proposed Chemical Substitutes and Their Toxicity-Based Risk Evaluation -- 8.3.3 Alternatives to Dicofol, Chlordecone, and Lindane -- 8.3.4 Endosulfan -- 8.3.5 Hexabromobiphenyls (HBB) -- 8.3.6 Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid -- 8.3.7 Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) -- 8.3.8 Deca-BDE -- 8.3.9 Pentachlorophenol and Its Salts and Esters -- 8.3.10 HexaBDE and HeptaBDE, c-OctaBDE -- 8.3.11 Short-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCPs) -- 8.4 Conclusion -- Appendix 1 -- References -- Chapter 9 Global Monitoring Plan on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) -- 9.2.1 Agricultural POPs -- 9.2.2 Industrial POPs -- 9.3 Sampling Method, Analysis, and Data Handling -- 9.4 Various Global Monitoring Programmes -- 9.5 POPs Levels in Different Matrices in Different Regions under Global Monitoring programmes -- 9.5.1 Air -- 9.5.1.1 WEOG (Western Europe and Other Groups) -- 9.5.1.2 Asia-Pacific -- 9.5.1.3 Africa -- 9.5.1.4 CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) -- 9.5.1.5 GRULAC (The Group of Latin America and Caribbean Countries) -- 9.5.2 Human Blood -- 9.5.2.1 WEOG (Western Europe and Other Groups) -- 9.5.2.2 Asia-Pacific Region -- 9.5.2.3 CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) -- 9.5.2.4 GRULAC (The Group of Latin America and Caribbean Countries) -- 9.5.3 Human Breast Milk -- 9.5.3.1 WEOG (Western Europe and Other Groups) -- 9.5.3.2 Asia-Pacific Region -- 9.5.3.3 Africa Region -- 9.5.3.4 CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) -- 9.5.3.5 GRULAC (The Group of Latin America and Caribbean Countries) -- 9.5.4 Water -- 9.5.4.1 WEOG (Western Europe and Other Groups) -- 9.5.4.2 Asia-Pacific Region -- 9.5.4.3 Africa Region Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Editor -- Contributors -- Chapter 1 Persistent Organic Pollutants: A Global Issue, a Global Response -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Overview of POPs -- 1.2 Global Scenario -- 1.2.1 Intentionally produced POPs -- 1.2.1.1 Organochlorine Pesticides -- 1.2.1.2 Industrial Chemicals -- 1.2.2 Unintentional By-Products -- 1.2.2.1 Dioxins and Furans -- 1.2.2.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- 1.2.2.3 Hexachlorobenzene -- 1.2.3 Challenges Related to POPs in India -- 1.2.3.1 Lack of Periodic Updating of POPs in National Implementation Plan (NIP) -- 1.2.3.2 Coordination among the Agencies -- 1.2.3.3 Status of Stockpiles -- 1.2.3.4 Data Availability -- 1.2.3.5 Monitoring and Regulations Capabilities -- 1.2.3.6 Public Information on POPs -- 1.2.3.7 Remediation of the Contaminated Sites -- 1.2.3.8 Adoption of Best Available Technology (BAT) and Best Environmental Practices (BEP) -- 1.2.3.9 POPs and Foods Safety -- 1.2.3.10 Role of the Industries -- 1.2.3.11 Illegal Sale of POPs Pesticides -- 1.3 Global Response -- 1.3.1 Indian Response -- 1.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Classical and Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants in Environment -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and the Stockholm Convention -- 2.1.2 Legacy POPs -- 2.1.3 Newly Listed POPs -- 2.1.4 Emerging POPs -- 2.2 Physicochemical Properties of POPs -- 2.3 Sources of POPs in the Environment -- 2.3.1 Primary Sources -- 2.3.2 Secondary Sources -- 2.4 POPs Contamination in Environmental Matrices -- 2.4.1 Air -- 2.4.2 Soil and Sediments -- 2.4.3 Water -- 2.4.4 Biota -- 2.5 Emerging POPs in the Environment -- 2.5.1 Dechlorane Plus -- 2.5.2 Methoxychlor -- 2.5.3 Perfluorohexane Sulfonic Acid (PFHxS), Its Salts and PFHxS-Related Compounds -- 2.6 Conclusion 5.3.2.3 Microwave-Assisted Extraction -- 5.3.2.4 Pressurized Liquid Extraction -- 5.3.2.5 Supercritical Fluid Extraction -- 5.3.2.6 Extraction Methods from Liquid Samples -- 5.3.3 Separation Techniques/Clean-Up -- 5.3.4 Instrumental Analysis -- 5.3.4.1 Chlorinated POPs -- 5.3.4.2 Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (PFOS) -- 5.3.4.3 Hexabromocyclodecane -- 5.3.4.4 Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) -- 5.3.4.5 Challenges in Analyzing High Molecular Weight PBDE Congeners Using GC-MS in EI Mode -- 5.3.4.6 Use of 2,4,6-tris (perfluoroheptyl)-1,3,5-triazine (PFHT) -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Degradation Pathways of POPs in the Environment and Various Mitigation Techniques for the Revival of Contaminated Sites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Role of Native Microorganism in the Degradation of POPs -- 6.2.1 Role of White-Rot Fungi in Degradation -- 6.3 Available Technologies for POPs Remediation -- 6.3.1 Phytoremediation -- 6.3.2 Biobeds -- 6.3.3 Soil Charcoal Perfusion Method -- 6.4 Degradation Pathway of Different POPs -- 6.4.1 Heptachlor Degradation -- 6.4.2 Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (DDT) Degradation -- 6.4.3 Endosulfan Degradation -- 6.4.4 Hexachlorobenzene Degradation -- 6.4.5 Aldrin and Dieldrin Degradation: -- 6.4.6 Lindane Degradation -- 6.4.7 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Degradation -- 6.5 Steps Undertaken to Control POPs in the Environment -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 A Critical Review of Effectiveness of the Regulations in India on Designated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Stockholm Convention -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 About the Stockholm Convention -- 7.2 India and Stockholm Convention on POPs -- 7.3 Regulation on POPs in India -- 7.3.1 The Environment Protection Act (EPA) 1986 -- 7.3.2 The Insecticides Act of 1968 -- 7.4 Regulatory Status of Designated POPs in India 9.5.4.4 CEE (Central and Eastern Europe) |
| Title | Persistent Organic Pollutants |
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