The road to sustained growth in Jamaica
Jamaica’s economic history is a story of paradoxes and potential. It has an English-speaking and a reasonably well-educated labor force, is close to the world’s largest market, the USA, and has an abundance of natural beauty, which has spurred tourism. Many of its social and governance indicators ar...
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| Main Author | |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook Book Publication |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, D.C
World Bank
2004
World Bank Publications The World Bank Washington, DC |
| Edition | 1 |
| Series | Country Studies |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISBN | 082135826X 9780821358269 0821358278 9780821358276 |
| DOI | 10.1596/0-8213-5826-X |
Cover
Table of Contents:
- 1.1: Consumption of the Poor, 1958-1988 -- 1.2: Poverty and Social and Economic Indicators -- 1.3: Poverty in Rural and Urban Areas (percent of population) -- 1.4: Movement in Average Wages and Earnings Compared to Increase in CPI -- 1.5: Factor Income Share -- 1.6: Jamaica CPI Annual Index and Relative Price of Food -- 1.7: Private Remittance Inflows (US millions) -- 2.1: Jamaica-GDP Growth, Employment Growth and Investment Rates: 1981-2001 -- 2.2: Jamaica Estimates of Sources of Growth 1991-2000 -- 2.3: Jamaica: The Rise in Currency Holdings, 1991-2000 -- 2.4: Jamaica: Labor Force Indicators, 1991-2000 -- 3.1: Jamaica Fiscal Operations, 1992/93-2002/03 -- 3.2: Jamaica-Domestic and External Debt, and Structure of External Debt, 1991/92-2001/02 -- 3.3: Primary Surplus/Deficit (% of GDP) Required to Stabilize the Stock of Public Debt -- 3.4: Jamaica Public Sector Investment Program, 2000/01-2003/04 -- 3.5: Government Revenues/GDP, Selected Countries, 2000 -- 3.6: Fiscal Risk Matrix -- 4.1: Jamaica's Financial System, 1990, 1995, and 2001 -- 4.2: Jamaica-Fixed Capital Formation and Growth, 1986-2001 -- 4.3: Government Net Credit Stock/Deposits, Banks, 2000 -- 5.1: Returns to Education of Male Immigrants in USA by Country of Birth -- 5.2: Enrollment by School Type in Secondary and Tertiary Education by Consumption Quintile (%), 2000 -- 5.3: Highest Examination Passed by Population 14 Years and Over Not Enrolled in School/Educational Institution (%), 2001 -- 6.1: International Comparisons of Selected Governance Indicators, 2002 -- 6.2: Victimization by Sector in which Firm is Located and Type of Crime -- 6.3: Reporting and Reporting Outcomes (% of Total Cases) -- 6.4: Distribution of Respondents by Selected Measures Taken to Protect Against Crime and Nature of Organization (%) -- 6.5: Annual Impact of Crime, Summary
- 6. Crime and its Impact on Business in Jamaica -- Governance in Jamaica: the International Context -- Dimension and Trends in Crime in Jamaica -- Patterns of Criminal Victimization of Jamaican Firms -- The Economic Costs of Crime -- Policy Options -- 7. Improving Jamaica's International Competitiveness -- Evolution of Trade in Jamaica 1998-2001 -- Trade Policy Reforms -- Has Jamaica Reaped the Full Gains From Trade -- The Decline in Competitiveness in the 1990s -- Jamaica's Business Environment for Exports -- The Performance in Tourism -- Decline in the Apparel Sector Reflects the Decline in Competitiveness -- Impending Issues in the International Trade Agenda -- Improving the Framework for Exports and Development -- Annexes -- Annex A: Identifying the Determinants of Crime -- Annex B: Methodology for Business Victimization Survey -- Annex C: Case of Service Station near Montego Bay -- Annex D: Case of Furniture Manufacturing Firm in Kingston Metropolitan Area -- Annex E: Program DESEPAZ, Desarrollo, Seguridad y Paz (Development, Security and Peace) in Cali, Colombia -- Annex F: Police and Community Cooperation for Reduction of Violence in Diadema, Sao Paulo, Brazil -- Annex G: Citizen Culture in Bogota (Cultura Ciudadana en a la Alcadia de Bogota), Bogota, Colombia -- Annex H: Focus on Youth: the Model of the City of Boston, Massachussets, USA -- Annex Tables -- Bibliography -- TABLES -- 1: Jamaica-Selected Economic and Social Indicators, 1980-2001 -- 2: Jamaica-Millenium Development Goals, Achievements and 2015 Target -- 3: Jamaica-GDP Growth, Employment Growth and Investment Rates: 1981-2001 -- 4: Jamaica-Indicators of Consumption (Average Annual Growth Rates) -- 5: Primary Surplus/Deficit (% of GDP) Required to Stabilize the Stock of Public Debt -- 6: The Annual Economic Cost of Crime, 2001 -- 7: Impact of Crime on Business Practice (%)
- 6.6: The Annual Economic Cost of Crime, 2001 -- 6.7: Impact of Crime on Business Practice (%) -- 7.1: Export and Import Growth in Jamaica -- 7.2: Merchandise Trade and Exchange Rates in Jamaica's Economy -- 7.3: Competitiveness Rankings for Jamaica and Neighboring Countries, 2001 -- ANNEX TABLES -- A1.1: Jamaica-Consumer Price Inflation, 1990-2002 -- A2.1: Jamaica-Main Aggregates of GDP, 1990-2001 -- A2.2: Jamaica-GDP by Industrial Sectors, current J, 1990-2001 -- A2.3: Jamaica-GDP by Industrial Sectors, constant J, 1990-2001 -- A2.4: Jamaica-GDP by Industrial Sectors, % growth, 1990-2001 -- A2.5: Growth Accounting Adjusting for Human Capital, 1961-2000 -- A2.6: Jamaica-Determinants of Change in GDP Per Capita -- A2.7: Jamaica-Labor Force and Employment by Industry Group and Labor Status (¢000), Annual Average -- A3.1: Jamaica-Non-financial Public Sector Debt -- A3.2: Jamaica-External Public Debt Outstanding -- A3.3: Jamaica-Central Government Revenues and Grants, 1996/97-2002/03 (% of GDP) -- A6.1: Crime Rate Indices for Jamaica, 1970-2001 -- A6.2: Jamaica and New York : Murder Rates for 100,000, 1970-2000 -- A6.3: Murder Rates by County and Parish, 1984-2001 -- A7.1a: Jamaica's Major Exports and Imports (US million) -- A7.1b: Jamaica's Major Exports and Imports (% of exports) -- A7.2: Jamaica: Balance of Payments Summary -- A7.3: Foreign Direct Investment in Jamaica (US million), 1998-01 -- BOXES -- 1.1: Measurement of Poverty in Jamaica -- 2.1: Consumption Indicators -- 3.1: A Tale of Two Privatizations -- 3.2: The Budget Process -- 6.1: Construction Firm in Kingston Metropolitan Area -- 7.1: The Impact of an Appreciated Exchange Rat -- 7.2: The Pass Through from the Exchange Rate to Prices -- 7.3: Inadequate Infrastructure Limits Investments, Competitiveness and Growth -- 7.4: The Decline of the La Moda Garment Company -- FIGURES
- 1: Jamaica-Poverty Head Count -- 2: Jamaica: Poverty Head Count Actual and Regression Prediction -- 3: Jamaica: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditures by Type, 1991/92-2002/03 -- 4: Jamaica: Total Public Sector Debt to GDP -- 5: Jamaica: Bank Credit to the Public and Private Sectors, 1994-2002 -- 6: GDP Growth and Total Debt (% GDP) in 86 Countries -- 7: School Enrollment by Age and Consumption Quintile, 2000 -- 8: Lorenz Curve Distribution of Public Recurrent Expenditure by Level of Education and by Consumption Quintile, 2000 -- 9: Jamaica's International Ranking on Selected Governance Indicators, 2002/2003 -- 10: As its REER Appreciated, Jamaica's Share of Exports in GDP Declined -- 11: . . . and as its Share in World Exports Fell -- 1.1: Jamaica: Poverty Head Count (% of Population) -- 1.2: Poverty (%), Annual Inflation (% p.a.) and Annual GDP Growth (% p.a.) -- 1.3: Jamaica Poverty Head Count: Actual and Regression Prediction -- 3.1: Jamaica: Fiscal Revenue and Expenditures by Type, 1991/92-2002/03 -- 3.2: Jamaica: Total Public Sector Debt to GDP -- 4.1: Fiscal Cost of Banking Crisis (as Percentage of GDP) -- 4.2: Real GDP in Selected Crisis Countries, (First Crisis Year = 100) -- 4.3: Jamaica: Bank Credit to the Public and Private Sectors 1994-2002 -- 4.4: GDP Growth and Total Debt (% GDP) -- 4.5: Commercial Bank Loan Rates and Inflation, End June -- 5.1: School Quality According to Employers' Appraisal -- 5.2: School Enrollment by Age and Consumption Quintile, 2000 -- 5.3: Percent Correct in Mathematics, Junior High School Certificate Examination, 1997-2000 -- 5.4: Percent Correct in Language, Junior High School Certificate Examination, 1997-2000 -- 5.5: Percentage of Eligible Cohort Taking CXC, 2001 -- 5.6: Percentage of Total Passes of CXC Candidates, 2001 -- 5.7: CXC Performance in 9 Caribbean Countries
- Intro -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- PART I: OVERVIEW AND POLICY OPTIONS -- A Configuration of "Bandwagon" Reforms Could Make a Difference -- The Big Picture: Past and Present -- Growth and Poverty Reduction -- Understanding Growth in Jamaica -- Reducing the Fiscal and Debt Burden -- Revitalizing the Financial System -- Improving Education Outcomes -- Crime and Its Impact on Business -- Improving Jamaica's International Competitiveness -- PART II: MAIN REPORT -- 1. Growth and Poverty Reduction in Jamaica -- Poverty Incidence and Income Inequality -- Who are the Poor? -- Rural vs. Urban Poverty -- Poverty Reduction with No Growth: "The Paradox of the 1990s" -- Summary and Issues for the Future -- 2. Understanding Growth in Jamaica -- Slow Growth, High Investment, Low Employment Generation -- The Supply Side of Growth -- Jamaica's GDP Growth May Be Underestimated -- Capital Inputs -- The Labor Force and Growth -- Raising Growth in Jamaica -- 3. Reducing the Fiscal and Debt Burden -- The Government Budget -- Towards Sustainable Debt -- Reducing and Improving Government Expenditure -- Raising Revenue: Taxer and User Fees -- Fiscal Institutions and Governance -- 4. Revitalizing Jamaica's Financial System -- The Causes of Jamaica's Financial Crisis -- Dealing with the Crisis -- Results of the Crisis Revolution -- The Debt Overhang and Its Effects -- The Post-Crisis Improvement in Financial Sector Regulation, Supervision, and the Solvency Issue -- 5. Improving Education Outcomes -- The International Evidence on Private and Social Returns to Education -- Progress in Education Coverage, But Quality Suffered -- Social Returns to Education -- Inequality, Poverty, and Student Achievement -- Outcomes and Public Expenditure -- What Has Been Done and What More Can Be Done?
- 5.8: English CXC Passing Rate (%) and Class Hours in Eight Caribbean Countries