Algae and Sustainable Technologies Bioenergy, Nanotechnology and Green Chemistry
Algal and Sustainable Technologies: Bioenergy, Nanotechnology and Green Chemistry is an interdisciplinary overview of the world's major problems: water scarcity, a clean environment and energy, and their sustenance using microalgae. It comprehensively presents the way to tackle the socioeconomi...
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| Main Authors | , |
|---|---|
| Format | eBook |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Milton
CRC Press
2021
Taylor & Francis Group |
| Edition | 1 |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
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Table of Contents:
- Chapter 3 Biotechnological Application of Algae in Pharmaceuticals Industries with Special Reference to Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Human Health -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemistry of Omega-3 Fatty Acid -- 3.3 Microalgae and Omega-3 Fatty Acid -- 3.4 Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid -- 3.5 Production of Omega-3 Fatty Acid in Different Environment -- 3.6 Role of Omega-3 Fatty in Health -- 3.6.1 Cardiovascular Disease -- 3.6.2 Diabetes -- 3.6.3 Antitumour -- 3.6.4 Neurodegeneration -- 3.6.5 Pregnancy and Breast Feeding -- 3.6.6 Infants -- 3.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 4 Eco-Friendly and Eco Technological Approaches in Treatment of Wastewater by Different Algae and Cyanobacteria -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Types of Wastewater -- 4.2.1 Municipal Wastewater -- 4.2.2 Agro-Industrial Wastewater -- 4.2.3 Industrial Wastewater -- 4.3 Composition of Wastewater -- 4.4 Wastewater Treatment Approach -- 4.5 Sustainable Technologies for Wastewater Treatment -- 4.5.1 Constructed Wetlands -- 4.5.2 High Rated Algal Ponds -- 4.5.3 Photobioreactors -- 4.5.4 Treatment of Wastewater by Microalgae -- 4.5.5 Algae and Bacterial Consortia -- 4.5.6 Remediation of Wastewater by Macrophytes -- 4.6 Role of Biotechnology in the Wastewater Treatment -- 4.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 Cultivation of Microalgae in Industrial Effluent for Simultaneous Pollutant Removal and Biofuel Production -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Microalgae: The Sustainable Feedstock for Biofuels Production -- 5.3 Cultivation Parameters in the Growth of Microalgae -- 5.3.1 Temperature -- 5.3.2 pH and Salinity -- 5.3.3 Light Intensity -- 5.3.4 Other Factors -- 5.4 Industrial Wastewater Cultivated Microalgae for Biofuel Production -- 5.4.1 Food Processing Wastewater -- 5.4.2 Pharmaceutical Wastewater -- 5.4.3 Metal Containing Wastewater
- 5.4.4 Textile Wastewater -- 5.4.5 Other Wastewater for Microalgae Cultivation and Biofuel Production -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Wastewater Treatment Using Microalgae Bacterial Consortium -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Associations between Microalgae and Bacteria -- 6.2.1 Negative Association -- 6.2.2 Positive Association -- 6.3 Algae-Bacteria Consortia and Wastewater Treatment -- 6.4 Removal of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Carbon From Municipal and Industrial Wastewater -- 6.4.1 Nitrogen Removal -- 6.4.2 Phosphorous Removal -- 6.4.3 Carbon Removal -- 6.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7 Algae-Based Biofuel Production as a Part of an Industrial Cluster -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 What Is Renewable Energy? -- 7.2 Biofuel -- 7.3 Microalgae: An Emerging Feedstock for Biodiesel Production -- 7.3.1 Potential of Microalgae for Biodiesel Production -- 7.3.2 Biology and Biochemical Composition of Microalgae -- 7.3.2.1 Carbohydrates -- 7.3.2.2 Proteins -- 7.3.2.3 Lipids -- 7.4 Cultivation of Microalgae -- 7.4.1 Phototrophic Cultivation -- 7.4.1.1 Open Pond Cultivation -- 7.4.1.2 Closed Photobioreactor (PBR) -- 7.4.2 Hybrid Production Systems -- 7.4.3 Heterotrophic Cultivation -- 7.4.4 Mixotrophic Cultivation -- 7.5 Microalgae Harvesting -- 7.5.1 Bulk Harvesting -- 7.5.2 Flocculation -- 7.5.3 Flotation -- 7.5.4 Gravity Sedimentation -- 7.5.5 Concentration -- 7.5.6 Centrifugation -- 7.5.7 Ultrasonic Aggregation -- 7.5.8 Filtration -- 7.5.9 Electrophoresis -- 7.6 Extraction of Lipid and Biofuel from Algae -- 7.6.1 Pre-Treatment of Algal Biomass -- 7.6.2 Thermochemical Processes -- 7.6.2.1 Gasification -- 7.6.2.2 Thermochemical Liquefaction -- 7.6.2.3 Pyrolysis -- 7.6.2.4 Direct Combustion -- 7.6.2.5 Biochemical Conversion -- 7.6.2.6 Anaerobic Digestion (AD)
- 7.7 Modifications and Improvement of the Algal Strains for Biofuel Production -- 7.8 Limitations of Biofuel Production from Microalgae -- 7.9 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Role of Algae in the Decolourization of Wastewater -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 What Are Colourants? -- 8.2.1 Historical Background of Dyes and Pigments -- 8.3 Classification of Dyes -- 8.3.1 Natural Dyes -- 8.3.2 Synthetic Dyes -- 8.4 Characteristics of Dyeing Industry Effluents -- 8.5 Impact of Dyes on Environment -- 8.6 Impact of Dyes on Humans -- 8.7 Wastewater Treatment Technologies -- 8.7.1 Ion Exchange -- 8.7.2 Osmosis -- 8.7.3 Filtration -- 8.7.4 Oxidation -- 8.7.5 Biosorption -- 8.8 Roles of Algae in Phycoremediation and Dye Biosorption -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 An Overview of Industrial Wastewater Management Using Integrated Algal Technologies -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Exploration of Potential Algae for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 9.2.1 Phytoremediation Potential of Photoautotrophic Algal Species for Industrial Wastewater Treatment -- 9.3 Screening and Evaluation of the Industrial Wastewater as an Algal Culture Medium -- 9.3.1 Consistency Period of Algal Growth in Industrial Wastewater -- 9.3.2 Optimization of Nutrients Concentration in Industrial Wastewater -- 9.3.3 Effect of Bacterial and Protozoan in Industrial Wastewater -- 9.4 Evaluation of Various Algae Cultivation System for Effective Industrial Wastewater Management -- 9.4.1 Suspended Cells Cultivation Systems (SCCS) -- 9.4.2 Immobilized-Cell Cultivation Systems -- 9.4.3 Hyper-Concentrated Culture System -- 9.4.4 Dialysis Cultures -- 9.4.5 Photobioreactor Cultivation -- 9.4.6 Stabilization Ponds -- 9.4.7 HRAPs for IWWT -- 9.5 Development of Consortia for Industrial Wastewater Management -- 9.5.1 Microalgal Consortia -- 9.5.2 Cyanobacterial Consortia
- 9.5.3 Microalgal-Bacterial Consortia -- 9.6 Pre-Treatment of Industrial Wastewater for Algal Cultivation -- 9.6.1 Upscaling Algal Biomass Production Using Pre-Treated Industrial Wastewater -- 9.7 Evaluation of Biochemical Composition of Pre-Treated Industrial Wastewater-Grown Algal Biomass -- 9.8 Factors Affecting Industrial Wastewater Management by Microalgae -- 9.8.1 pH -- 9.8.2 Temperature -- 9.8.3 Illumination Intensity -- 9.8.4 Carbon Sources -- 9.8.5 Nitrogen Sources -- 9.8.6 Other Chemical Nutrients -- 9.9 Algal Biorefinery Approaches of Industrial Wastewater Management -- 9.10 Future Prospects -- 9.11 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Their Potential Application: With Special Reference to Algae and Cyanobacteria -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles -- 10.3 Synthesis of AuNPs by Cyanobacteria -- 10.4 Applications of Nanoparticles -- 10.4.1 AuNPs as Antibacterial Agent -- 10.4.2 AuNPs as Antifungal Agent -- 10.4.3 AuNPs as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent -- 10.4.4 AuNPs as Antioxidant Agent -- 10.4.5 AuNPs as Anticancer Agent -- 10.4.6 AuNPs as Drug Delivery Agent -- 10.4.7 AuNPs as Antiviral Agent -- 10.5 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11 Biogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles From Algae and Its Various Applications -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Types of Nanoparticles -- 11.2.1 Inorganic Nanoparticles -- 11.2.2 Organic Nanoparticles -- 11.3 Methodology for the Synthesis of Major Nanoparticles -- 11.3.1 Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles -- 11.3.2 Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles -- 11.4 Applications of Au and Ag Nanoparticles -- 11.4.1 Applications of Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) -- 11.4.2 Applications of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) -- 11.5 Various Applications of Other Algal Nanoparticles -- 11.5.1 Agriculture Application
- 11.5.2 Industrial Application, Waste Remediation and Environmental Conservation
- Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editors -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 Algae as a Sustainable Resource for Green Economy and Deteriorating Environment -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Scenario of Environmental Degradation -- 1.3 Green Economy -- 1.4 Key Principal of Green Economy -- 1.4.1 Well-Being Principle -- 1.4.2 Justice Principle -- 1.4.3 Planetary Boundaries Principle -- 1.4.4 Efficiency and Sufficiency Principle -- 1.4.5 Good Governance Principle -- 1.5 Need for a Green Economy -- 1.6 Economic Incentives of Microalgae -- 1.6.1 Algae and Coral Reefs -- 1.6.2 Food and Feed Products From Algae -- 1.6.3 Algae and Sewage Treatment -- 1.6.4 Algae and Limestone Formation -- 1.6.5 Algae Used as Fodder -- 1.6.6 Algae is Used as Fertilizers -- 1.6.7 Algae Used as Medicine -- 1.6.8 Industrial Utilization of Algae -- 1.6.9 Diatomaceous Earth Industry -- 1.7 Algae as a Green Credit -- 1.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2 Energy Reserves in Microalgae: Biomass Production and Genetic Engineering -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Energy Reserve Characteristics -- 2.3 Approaches to Increase Accumulation of Energy Reserves -- 2.3.1 Selection of Strains -- 2.3.2 Environmental Factors -- 2.3.2.1 Temperature -- 2.3.2.2 Light -- 2.3.2.3 Salinity -- 2.3.2.4 Metal Stress -- 2.3.3 Nutrient Deprivation -- 2.3.4 Genetic Engineering -- 2.4 Biomass Production in Algae -- 2.4.1 Cultivation of Microalgae -- 2.4.1.1 Open System -- 2.4.1.2 Closed Algal System -- 2.4.1.3 Hybrid Algal System -- 2.5 Algal Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering -- 2.6 Genome Editing -- 2.6.1 Chloroplast Engineering -- 2.6.2 Nuclear Engineering -- 2.6.3 Metabolic Engineering -- 2.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References