Chlorinated Paraffins in Car Tires Recycled to Rubber Granulates and Playground Tiles
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in “new” recycled products. In this study we investigated CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates used on artificial soccer...
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| Published in | Environmental science & technology Vol. 53; no. 13; pp. 7595 - 7603 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Chemical Society
02.07.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in “new” recycled products. In this study we investigated CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates used on artificial soccer fields, and playground tiles. The ∑CP(C10-C30) concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 67 μg/g in car tires, 13–67 μg/g in rubber granulates, and 16–74 μg/g in playground tiles. MCCPs were the dominant CP group with an average contribution of 72%. LCCPs up to C30, were detected for the first time in car tires, rubber granulates, and playground tiles. The CPs application in tires is unclear, the low CP concentrations found in this study (<0.007%) could possibly indicate contamination during the manufacturing process. The presence of CPs in the granulates and tiles, in addition to the multiple chemicals already detected, emphasizes the need to further investigate the migration and leaching behavior, in order to assess potential risks of CPs for humans and the environment. The presence of CPs in car tires may be another source of CPs for the environment. The CP volume brought into the environment by tire wear particles (TWP) from car tires in the European Union, is estimated at 2.0–89 tons annually. |
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| AbstractList | Chlorinated
paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve
their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end
up in “new” recycled products. In this study we investigated
CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates
used on artificial soccer fields, and playground tiles. The ∑CP(C
10
-C
30
) concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 67 μg/g
in car tires, 13–67 μg/g in rubber granulates, and 16–74
μg/g in playground tiles. MCCPs were the dominant CP group with
an average contribution of 72%. LCCPs up to C
30
, were detected
for the first time in car tires, rubber granulates, and playground
tiles. The CPs application in tires is unclear, the low CP concentrations
found in this study (<0.007%) could possibly indicate contamination
during the manufacturing process. The presence of CPs in the granulates
and tiles, in addition to the multiple chemicals already detected,
emphasizes the need to further investigate the migration and leaching
behavior, in order to assess potential risks of CPs for humans and
the environment. The presence of CPs in car tires may be another source
of CPs for the environment. The CP volume brought into the environment
by tire wear particles (TWP) from car tires in the European Union,
is estimated at 2.0–89 tons annually. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in “new” recycled products. In this study we investigated CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates used on artificial soccer fields, and playground tiles. The ∑CP(C10-C30) concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 67 μg/g in car tires, 13–67 μg/g in rubber granulates, and 16–74 μg/g in playground tiles. MCCPs were the dominant CP group with an average contribution of 72%. LCCPs up to C30, were detected for the first time in car tires, rubber granulates, and playground tiles. The CPs application in tires is unclear, the low CP concentrations found in this study (<0.007%) could possibly indicate contamination during the manufacturing process. The presence of CPs in the granulates and tiles, in addition to the multiple chemicals already detected, emphasizes the need to further investigate the migration and leaching behavior, in order to assess potential risks of CPs for humans and the environment. The presence of CPs in car tires may be another source of CPs for the environment. The CP volume brought into the environment by tire wear particles (TWP) from car tires in the European Union, is estimated at 2.0–89 tons annually. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in "new" recycled products. In this study we investigated CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates used on artificial soccer fields, and playground tiles. The ∑CP(C -C ) concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 67 μg/g in car tires, 13-67 μg/g in rubber granulates, and 16-74 μg/g in playground tiles. MCCPs were the dominant CP group with an average contribution of 72%. LCCPs up to C , were detected for the first time in car tires, rubber granulates, and playground tiles. The CPs application in tires is unclear, the low CP concentrations found in this study (<0.007%) could possibly indicate contamination during the manufacturing process. The presence of CPs in the granulates and tiles, in addition to the multiple chemicals already detected, emphasizes the need to further investigate the migration and leaching behavior, in order to assess potential risks of CPs for humans and the environment. The presence of CPs in car tires may be another source of CPs for the environment. The CP volume brought into the environment by tire wear particles (TWP) from car tires in the European Union, is estimated at 2.0-89 tons annually. Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in "new" recycled products. In this study we investigated CPs present in end-of-life car tires that are recycled to rubber granulates used on artificial soccer fields, and playground tiles. The ∑CP(C10-C30) concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 67 μg/g in car tires, 13–67 μg/g in rubber granulates, and 16–74 μg/g in playground tiles. MCCPs were the dominant CP group with an average contribution of 72%. LCCPs up to C30, were detected for the first time in car tires, rubber granulates, and playground tiles. The CPs application in tires is unclear, the low CP concentrations found in this study (<0.007%) could possibly indicate contamination during the manufacturing process. The presence of CPs in the granulates and tiles, in addition to the multiple chemicals already detected, emphasizes the need to further investigate the migration and leaching behavior, in order to assess potential risks of CPs for humans and the environment. The presence of CPs in car tires may be another source of CPs for the environment. The CP volume brought into the environment by tire wear particles (TWP) from car tires in the European Union, is estimated at 2.0–89 tons annually. |
| Author | Groenewoud, Quinn R de Boer, Jacob Brandsma, Sicco H Leonards, Pim E. G van Velzen, Martin J. M Brits, Martin |
| AuthorAffiliation | Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Department of Environment and Health |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Environment and Health – name: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Sicco H orcidid: 0000-0003-4188-4730 surname: Brandsma fullname: Brandsma, Sicco H email: sicco.brandsma@vu.nl organization: Department of Environment and Health – sequence: 2 givenname: Martin orcidid: 0000-0001-9546-338X surname: Brits fullname: Brits, Martin organization: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences – sequence: 3 givenname: Quinn R surname: Groenewoud fullname: Groenewoud, Quinn R organization: Department of Environment and Health – sequence: 4 givenname: Martin J. M surname: van Velzen fullname: van Velzen, Martin J. M organization: Department of Environment and Health – sequence: 5 givenname: Pim E. G surname: Leonards fullname: Leonards, Pim E. G organization: Department of Environment and Health – sequence: 6 givenname: Jacob surname: de Boer fullname: de Boer, Jacob organization: Department of Environment and Health |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31181880$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Snippet | Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in “new” recycled... Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in "new" recycled... Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are used in various products to improve their physicochemical characteristics. Due to recycling, CPs may end up in “new” recycled... |
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| SubjectTerms | Automotive parts Contamination Environmental Monitoring Granulation Humans Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated Industrial wastes Leaching Migration Organic chemistry Paraffin Paraffins Particulate matter Playgrounds Recycling Rubber Rubber products Soccer Steel industry Tiles Tires Wear particles |
| Title | Chlorinated Paraffins in Car Tires Recycled to Rubber Granulates and Playground Tiles |
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