Hydrogeochemistry Fundamentals and Advances, Mass Transfer and Mass Transport

• Main Author: Tikhomirov, Viatcheslav V
• Format: eBook
• Language: English
• Published: Newark John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated 2016; Wiley-Blackwell
• Edition: 1
• Subjects: Hydrogeology; Methodology; Water chemistry

Water is the Earth's most precious resource. Until recent years, water was often overlooked as being overly abundant or available, but much has changed all over the world. As climate change, human encroachment on environmental areas, and deforestation become greater dangers, the study of ground...

Table of Contents:

• 2.2.2.5 Adsorption and Desorption Rate -- 2.2.2.6 Dissolution and Minerogenesis -- 2.2.3 Mass Transfer of Nonpolar Components -- 2.2.3.1 Mass Transfer with Underground Gas -- 2.2.3.2 Mass Transfer with Nonpolar Substances -- 2.2.3.3 Distribution of Nonpolar Components -- 2.2.4 Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Processes -- 2.3 Bio-geochemical Processes -- 2.3.1 Biogeochemical Cycle -- 2.3.2 Niches of the Detrital Trophic Chain -- 2.3.3 Biodegradation of Organic Matter -- 2.2.3.1 Reactions of Biodegradation -- 2.3.3.2 Digestion -- 2.3.4 Rates of Biochemical Processes -- 2.3.5 Redox Geochemical Zoning -- 2.4 Isotopic Processes -- 2.4.1 Radioactive Decay -- 2.4.1.1 Primordial Radionuclides -- 2.4.1.2 Cosmogenic Radionuclides -- 2.4.2 Balanced Fractionating -- 2.4.3 Isotopic Mixing -- 2.4.4 Ground Water Chronometry -- 3 Migration of Elements -- 3.1 Migration forms -- 3.1.1 Subsurface Transporters -- 3.1.2 Aquaphiles -- 3.1.2.1 Estimates of Migration Capability -- 3.1.2.2 Properties of Aquaphilic Migration Forms -- 3.1.3 Organophiles -- 3.1.3.1 Amphiphilic Organophiles -- 3.1.3.2 Nonpolar Organophiles -- 3.1.4 Gasophiles -- 3.2 Mixing and Mass Transport -- 3.2.1 Hydrodynamic Dispersion -- 3.2.1.1 Diffusion Mixing -- 3.2.1.2 Advective Mixing -- 3.2.1.3 Dynamic Dispersivity and Methods of its Determination -- 3.2.2 Advection-dispersion Mass Transport -- 3.2.2.1 Equation of Advection-dispersion Mass Transport -- 3.2.2.2 Analytical Solution of Mass Transport Equations -- 4 Hydrogeochemical Forecasting -- 4.1 Methods of Forecasting -- 4.2 Model Forecasting Method -- 4.2.1 Problem Identification -- 4.2.2 Construction of Mathematical Models -- 4.2.2.1 Types of Hydrogeochemical Models -- 4.2.2.2 Selection of a Computation Process -- 4.2.2.3 Input Data -- 4.2.2.4 Selection of the Program Software -- 4.2.3 Reliability of Model Forecasting Results -- Symbols
• References -- Normative Publications -- Appendices -- I Thermodynamic Properties of Mineral Forms of Migration -- II The Partition Coefficients of the Gas Components -- III Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Compounds -- APPENDIX I Thermodynamic Properties of Mineral Forms of Migration -- A. Cation Generating Elements -- B. Complex Generating Elements -- C. Ligand Generating Elements -- D. Salt and Minerals -- APPENDIX II The Partition Coefficients of the Gas Components -- A. Underground Gases of Methane Composition -- B. Underground Gases of Nitrogen Composition -- C. Underground Gases of Carbon dioxide Composition -- APPENDIX III Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Compounds. -- A. Physical and Chemical Properties of Organic Carbon Compounds -- B. Physical and Chemical Properties of Pesticides -- Index -- EULA
• Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Abstract -- Preface -- Spontaneous Processes and Mineral Equilibrium -- 1 Chemical Reactions -- 1.1 Real Water Solution -- 1.1.1 Properties of Water Solution -- 1.1.2 Composition of Water Solution -- 1.1.3 Structure of the Water Solution -- 1.1.4 Basis Components of a Solution -- 1.2 Spontaneous Processes -- 1.2.1 Energy of Spontaneous Processes -- 1.2.2 Direction of the Spontaneous Processes -- 1.2.3 Chemical Potential -- 1.2.4 Thermodynamical Concentration -- 1.2.4.1 Activities in Ideal Solutions -- 1.2.4.2 Activities in Real Solutions -- 1.3 Chemical Reactions -- 1.3.1 Restrictions of Spontaneous Reactions -- 1.3.2 Law of Mass Action -- 1.3.3 Equilibrium Constants of Reactions -- 1.3.4 Direction of Reactions -- 1.3.5 Reaction Rate -- 1.3.5.1 Elementary Reactions -- 1.3.5.2 Complex Reactions -- 1.3.6 Dependent and Independent Reactions -- 2 Hydrogeochemical Processes -- 2.1 Homogenous Processes -- 2.1.1 Electron Exchange -- 2.1.1.1 The Mechanism of Redox Processes -- 2.1.1.2 Oxidation Potential -- 2.1.1.3 Determination of Oxidation Potential -- 2.1.1.4 Oxygen Fugacity -- 2.1.2 Proton Exchange -- 2.1.2.1 Mechanism of Acid-based Reactions -- 2.1.2.2 Hydrogen Parameter -- 2.1.2.3 Buffer Systems -- 2.1.2.4 Determination of Solution's pH -- 2.1.3 Complexation -- 2.1.3.1 Mechanism of Complexation -- 2.1.3.2 Stability of Complex Formations -- 2.1.3.3 Complexation Function -- 2.1.4 Real Composition of Water -- 2.1.4.1 Rates of Homogenous Processes -- 2.1.4.2 Ionic Equilibrium in the Solution -- 2.1.4.3 Models of Water Solution's Composition -- 2.2 Heterogeneous Processes -- 2.2.1 Phase Rules -- 2.2.2 Mass Transfer by Mineral Components -- 2.2.2.1 Mineral-salt Complex of Rocks -- 2.2.2.2 Adsorption and Desorption -- 2.2.2.3 Ion Exchange -- 2.2.2.4 Surface Complexation