The Impact of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines

The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effect...

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Published inmBio Vol. 13; no. 2; p. e0297921
Main Authors McLean, Gary, Kamil, Jeremy, Lee, Benhur, Moore, Penny, Schulz, Thomas F., Muik, Alexander, Sahin, Ugur, Türeci, Özlem, Pather, Shanti
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States American Society for Microbiology 26.04.2022
Subjects
Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Minireview
Mutation
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Vaccines
variant
Viral Vaccines
COVID-19
variant
mutation
SARS-CoV-2
vaccines
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Abstract The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms.
AbstractList ABSTRACT The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms.
The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms.
The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms.The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms.
The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential impact on ongoing vaccination programs. Data from clinical trials and real-world evidence suggest that current vaccines remain highly effective against the alpha variant (B.1.1.7), while some vaccines have reduced efficacy and effectiveness against symptomatic disease caused by the beta variant (B.1.351) and the delta variant (B.1.617.2); however, effectiveness against severe disease and hospitalization caused by delta remains high. Although data on the effectiveness of the primary regimen against omicron (B.1.1.529) are limited, booster programs using mRNA vaccines have been shown to restore protection against infection and symptomatic disease (regardless of the vaccine used for the primary regimen) and maintain high effectiveness against hospitalization. However, effectiveness against infection and symptomatic disease wanes with time after the booster dose. Studies have demonstrated reductions of varying magnitude in neutralizing activity of vaccine-elicited antibodies against a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants, with the omicron variant in particular exhibiting partial immune escape. However, evidence suggests that T-cell responses are preserved across vaccine platforms, regardless of variant of concern. Nevertheless, various mitigation strategies are under investigation to address the potential for reduced efficacy or effectiveness against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants, including modification of vaccines for certain variants (including omicron), multivalent vaccine formulations, and different delivery mechanisms.
Author Sahin, Ugur
Schulz, Thomas F.
Muik, Alexander
Moore, Penny
Türeci, Özlem
Lee, Benhur
McLean, Gary
Pather, Shanti
Kamil, Jeremy
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Gary
  orcidid: 0000-0002-1278-1743
  surname: McLean
  fullname: McLean, Gary
  organization: School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Jeremy
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8422-7656
  surname: Kamil
  fullname: Kamil, Jeremy
  organization: Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Benhur
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0760-1709
  surname: Lee
  fullname: Lee, Benhur
  organization: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Penny
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8719-4028
  surname: Moore
  fullname: Moore, Penny
  organization: Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa, MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, The University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Thomas F.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8792-5345
  surname: Schulz
  fullname: Schulz, Thomas F.
  organization: Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Cluster of Excellence 2155 RESIST, Hannover, Germany, German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Alexander
  orcidid: 0000-0003-4561-2273
  surname: Muik
  fullname: Muik, Alexander
  organization: BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Ugur
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0363-1564
  surname: Sahin
  fullname: Sahin, Ugur
  organization: BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Özlem
  surname: Türeci
  fullname: Türeci, Özlem
  organization: BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Shanti
  orcidid: 0000-0003-1244-6264
  surname: Pather
  fullname: Pather, Shanti
  organization: BioNTech, Mainz, Germany
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35352979$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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10.1126/science.abd4251
10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.055
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Keywords COVID-19
variant
mutation
SARS-CoV-2
vaccines
Language English
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The authors declare a conflict of interest. GRM, TFS, BL, and PLM have no conflicts of interest to report. ÖT and US are management board members and employees at BioNTech SE (Mainz, Germany). JK has a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to increase equity and representativeness in SARS-CoV-2 sequencing, has a role on an NIH grant to carry out SARS-CoV-2 sequencing and detection of viral variants, served on a BioNTech advisory panel, and holds stock in BioNTech and Pfizer, who manufacture COVID-19 vaccines. AM and SP are employees at BioNTech SE. AM, ÖT, and US are inventors on patents and patent applications related to RNA technology and COVID-19 vaccines. AM, ÖT, and US have securities from BioNTech SE.
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Snippet The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the potential...
ABSTRACT The emergence of several new variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in recent months has raised concerns around the...
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SubjectTerms Antibodies, Viral
COVID-19
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Minireview
Mutation
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - genetics
Vaccines
variant
Viral Vaccines
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Title The Impact of Evolving SARS-CoV-2 Mutations and Variants on COVID-19 Vaccines
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35352979
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Volume 13
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