Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery

Nanocarbons with different dimensions (e.g., 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and 3D nanodiamonds) have attracted enormous interest for applications ranging from electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics to sensin...

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Published in	Chemical reviews Vol. 119; no. 16; pp. 9559 - 9656
Main Authors	Panwar, Nishtha, Soehartono, Alana Mauluidy, Chan, Kok Ken, Zeng, Shuwen, Xu, Gaixia, Qu, Junle, Coquet, Philippe, Yong, Ken-Tye, Chen, Xiaoyuan
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	United States American Chemical Society 28.08.2019
Subjects	Allotropy Biocompatibility Biodegradability Biodegradation bioimaging Biomedical materials Biosensors Cancer cancer therapy Carbon Carbon nanotubes Chemical properties diagnostic techniques Diamonds Drug delivery systems drugs electronics First principles Fluorescence fullerene Fullerenes genes Graphene graphene oxide guidelines Medical imaging medicine nanodiamonds Nanostructure Nanotechnology neoplasms Optoelectronics Organic chemistry Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaics precision medicine Researchers Solar cells solar energy Toxicity
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Abstract	Nanocarbons with different dimensions (e.g., 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and 3D nanodiamonds) have attracted enormous interest for applications ranging from electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics to sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among them, nanocarbon-based theranostics (i.e., therapeutics and diagnostics) is one of the most intensively studied applications, as these nanocarbon materials serve as excellent biosensors, versatile drug/gene carriers for specific targeting in vivo, effective photothermal nanoagents for cancer therapy, and promising fluorescent nanolabels for cell and tissue imaging. This review provides a systematic overview of the latest theranostic applications of nanocarbon materials with a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics of different nanocarbon materials and their influences on theranostic applications. We first introduce the different carbon allotropes that can be used for theranostic applications with their respective preparation and surface functionalization approaches as well as their physical and chemical properties. Theranostic applications are described separately for both in vitro and in vivo systems by highlighting the protocols and the studied biosystems, followed by the toxicity and biodegradability implications. Finally, this review outlines the design considerations for nanocarbon materials as the key unifying themes that will serve as a foundational first principle for researchers to study, investigate, and generate effective, biocompatible, and nontoxic nanocarbon materials-based models for cancer theranostics applications. Finally, we summarize the review with an outlook on the challenges and novel theranostic protocols using nanocarbon materials for hard-to-treat cancers and other diseases. This review intends to present a comprehensive guideline for researchers in nanotechnology and biomedicine on the selection strategy of nanocarbon materials according to their specific requirements.
AbstractList	Nanocarbons with different dimensions (e.g., 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and 3D nanodiamonds) have attracted enormous interest for applications ranging from electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics to sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among them, nanocarbon-based theranostics (i.e., therapeutics and diagnostics) is one of the most intensively studied applications, as these nanocarbon materials serve as excellent biosensors, versatile drug/gene carriers for specific targeting in vivo, effective photothermal nanoagents for cancer therapy, and promising fluorescent nanolabels for cell and tissue imaging. This review provides a systematic overview of the latest theranostic applications of nanocarbon materials with a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics of different nanocarbon materials and their influences on theranostic applications. We first introduce the different carbon allotropes that can be used for theranostic applications with their respective preparation and surface functionalization approaches as well as their physical and chemical properties. Theranostic applications are described separately for both in vitro and in vivo systems by highlighting the protocols and the studied biosystems, followed by the toxicity and biodegradability implications. Finally, this review outlines the design considerations for nanocarbon materials as the key unifying themes that will serve as a foundational first principle for researchers to study, investigate, and generate effective, biocompatible, and nontoxic nanocarbon materials-based models for cancer theranostics applications. Finally, we summarize the review with an outlook on the challenges and novel theranostic protocols using nanocarbon materials for hard-to-treat cancers and other diseases. This review intends to present a comprehensive guideline for researchers in nanotechnology and biomedicine on the selection strategy of nanocarbon materials according to their specific requirements. Nanocarbons with different dimensions (e.g., 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and 3D nanodiamonds) have attracted enormous interest for applications ranging from electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics to sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among them, nanocarbon-based theranostics (i.e., therapeutics and diagnostics) is one of the most intensively studied applications, as these nanocarbon materials serve as excellent biosensors, versatile drug/gene carriers for specific targeting in vivo, effective photothermal nanoagents for cancer therapy, and promising fluorescent nanolabels for cell and tissue imaging. This review provides a systematic overview of the latest theranostic applications of nanocarbon materials with a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics of different nanocarbon materials and their influences on theranostic applications. We first introduce the different carbon allotropes that can be used for theranostic applications with their respective preparation and surface functionalization approaches as well as their physical and chemical properties. Theranostic applications are described separately for both in vitro and in vivo systems by highlighting the protocols and the studied biosystems, followed by the toxicity and biodegradability implications. Finally, this review outlines the design considerations for nanocarbon materials as the key unifying themes that will serve as a foundational first principle for researchers to study, investigate, and generate effective, biocompatible, and nontoxic nanocarbon materials-based models for cancer theranostics applications. Finally, we summarize the review with an outlook on the challenges and novel theranostic protocols using nanocarbon materials for hard-to-treat cancers and other diseases. This review intends to present a comprehensive guideline for researchers in nanotechnology and biomedicine on the selection strategy of nanocarbon materials according to their specific requirements.Nanocarbons with different dimensions (e.g., 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides, and 3D nanodiamonds) have attracted enormous interest for applications ranging from electronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaics to sensing, bioimaging, and therapeutics due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Among them, nanocarbon-based theranostics (i.e., therapeutics and diagnostics) is one of the most intensively studied applications, as these nanocarbon materials serve as excellent biosensors, versatile drug/gene carriers for specific targeting in vivo, effective photothermal nanoagents for cancer therapy, and promising fluorescent nanolabels for cell and tissue imaging. This review provides a systematic overview of the latest theranostic applications of nanocarbon materials with a comprehensive comparison of the characteristics of different nanocarbon materials and their influences on theranostic applications. We first introduce the different carbon allotropes that can be used for theranostic applications with their respective preparation and surface functionalization approaches as well as their physical and chemical properties. Theranostic applications are described separately for both in vitro and in vivo systems by highlighting the protocols and the studied biosystems, followed by the toxicity and biodegradability implications. Finally, this review outlines the design considerations for nanocarbon materials as the key unifying themes that will serve as a foundational first principle for researchers to study, investigate, and generate effective, biocompatible, and nontoxic nanocarbon materials-based models for cancer theranostics applications. Finally, we summarize the review with an outlook on the challenges and novel theranostic protocols using nanocarbon materials for hard-to-treat cancers and other diseases. This review intends to present a comprehensive guideline for researchers in nanotechnology and biomedicine on the selection strategy of nanocarbon materials according to their specific requirements.
Author	Chan, Kok Ken Xu, Gaixia Qu, Junle Chen, Xiaoyuan Panwar, Nishtha Soehartono, Alana Mauluidy Coquet, Philippe Yong, Ken-Tye Zeng, Shuwen
AuthorAffiliation	School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering CNRS UMR 8520Université de Lille Shenzhen University Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: Shenzhen University – name: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering – name: CNRS UMR 8520Université de Lille – name: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering – name: Institut d’Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) – name: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Nishtha surname: Panwar fullname: Panwar, Nishtha organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering – sequence: 2 givenname: Alana Mauluidy surname: Soehartono fullname: Soehartono, Alana Mauluidy organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering – sequence: 3 givenname: Kok Ken orcidid: 0000-0002-0592-4427 surname: Chan fullname: Chan, Kok Ken organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering – sequence: 4 givenname: Shuwen surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Shuwen organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering – sequence: 5 givenname: Gaixia surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Gaixia email: xugaixia@szu.edu.cn organization: Shenzhen University – sequence: 6 givenname: Junle orcidid: 0000-0001-7833-4711 surname: Qu fullname: Qu, Junle organization: Shenzhen University – sequence: 7 givenname: Philippe surname: Coquet fullname: Coquet, Philippe organization: CNRS UMR 8520Université de Lille – sequence: 8 givenname: Ken-Tye orcidid: 0000-0001-7936-2941 surname: Yong fullname: Yong, Ken-Tye email: ktyong@ntu.edu.sg organization: School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering – sequence: 9 givenname: Xiaoyuan orcidid: 0000-0002-9622-0870 surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Xiaoyuan email: shawn.chen@nih.gov organization: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31287663$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Nanocarbons with different dimensions (e.g., 0D fullerenes and carbon nanodots, 1D carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, 2D graphene and graphene oxides,...
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SubjectTerms	Allotropy Biocompatibility Biodegradability Biodegradation bioimaging Biomedical materials Biosensors Cancer cancer therapy Carbon Carbon nanotubes Chemical properties diagnostic techniques Diamonds Drug delivery systems drugs electronics First principles Fluorescence fullerene Fullerenes genes Graphene graphene oxide guidelines Medical imaging medicine nanodiamonds Nanostructure Nanotechnology neoplasms Optoelectronics Organic chemistry Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaics precision medicine Researchers Solar cells solar energy Toxicity
Title	Nanocarbons for Biology and Medicine: Sensing, Imaging, and Drug Delivery
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