Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes

The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of either biotic or abiotic oxidation of biomass-derived black carbon (BC) and to characterize the surface properties and charge characteristics of oxidized BC. We incubated BC and BC–soil mixtures at two temperatures (30 °C and 70...

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Published inOrganic geochemistry Vol. 37; no. 11; pp. 1477 - 1488
Main Authors Cheng, Chih-Hsin, Lehmann, Johannes, Thies, Janice E., Burton, Sarah D., Engelhard, Mark H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2006
Elsevier Science
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Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of either biotic or abiotic oxidation of biomass-derived black carbon (BC) and to characterize the surface properties and charge characteristics of oxidized BC. We incubated BC and BC–soil mixtures at two temperatures (30 °C and 70 °C), with and without microbial inoculation, nutrient addition, or manure amendment for four months. Abiotic processes were more important for oxidation of BC than biotic processes during this short-term incubation, as inoculation with microorganisms at 30 °C did not change any of the measured indicators of surface oxidation. Black C incubated at both 30 °C and 70 °C without microbial activity showed a decrease in pH (in water) from 5.4 to 5.2 and 3.4, as well as an increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC at pH 7) by 53% and 538% and in oxygen (O) content by 4% and 38%, respectively. Boehm titration and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested that formation of carboxylic functional groups was the reason for the enhanced CEC during oxidation. Analysis of surface properties of BC using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the oxidation of BC particles was initiated on the surface. Incubation at 30 °C only enhanced oxidation on particle surfaces, while oxidation during incubation at 70 °C penetrated into the interior of particles. Such short-term oxidation of BC has significance for the stability of BC in soils as well as for its effects on soil fertility and biogeochemistry.
AbstractList The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of either biotic or abiotic oxidation of biomass-derived black carbon (BC) and to characterize the surface properties and charge characteristics of oxidized BC. We incubated BC and BC–soil mixtures at two temperatures (30 °C and 70 °C), with and without microbial inoculation, nutrient addition, or manure amendment for four months. Abiotic processes were more important for oxidation of BC than biotic processes during this short-term incubation, as inoculation with microorganisms at 30 °C did not change any of the measured indicators of surface oxidation. Black C incubated at both 30 °C and 70 °C without microbial activity showed a decrease in pH (in water) from 5.4 to 5.2 and 3.4, as well as an increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC at pH 7) by 53% and 538% and in oxygen (O) content by 4% and 38%, respectively. Boehm titration and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested that formation of carboxylic functional groups was the reason for the enhanced CEC during oxidation. Analysis of surface properties of BC using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the oxidation of BC particles was initiated on the surface. Incubation at 30 °C only enhanced oxidation on particle surfaces, while oxidation during incubation at 70 °C penetrated into the interior of particles. Such short-term oxidation of BC has significance for the stability of BC in soils as well as for its effects on soil fertility and biogeochemistry.
The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of either biotic or abiotic oxidation of biomass-derived black carbon (BC) and to characterize the surface properties and charge characteristics of oxidized BC. We incubated BC and BC-soil mixtures at two temperatures (30 not equal to and 70 not equal to ), with and without microbial inoculation, nutrient addition, or manure amendment for four months. Abiotic processes were more important for oxidation of BC than biotic processes during this short-term incubation, as inoculation with microorganisms at 30 not equal to did not change any of the measured indicators of surface oxidation. Black C incubated at both 30 not equal to and 70 not equal to without microbial activity showed a decrease in pH (in water) from 5.4 to 5.2 and 3.4, as well as an increase in cation exchange capacity (CEC at pH 7) by 53% and 538% and in oxygen (O) content by 4% and 38%, respectively. Boehm titration and Fourier- transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy suggested that formation of carboxylic functional groups was the reason for the enhanced CEC during oxidation. Analysis of surface properties of BC using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated that the oxidation of BC particles was initiated on the surface. Incubation at 30 not equal to only enhanced oxidation on particle surfaces, while oxidation during incubation at 70 not equal to penetrated into the interior of particles. Such short-term oxidation of BC has significance for the stability of BC in soils as well as for its effects on soil fertility and biogeochemistry.
Author Burton, Sarah D.
Engelhard, Mark H.
Lehmann, Johannes
Cheng, Chih-Hsin
Thies, Janice E.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Chih-Hsin
  surname: Cheng
  fullname: Cheng, Chih-Hsin
  organization: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, 909 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Johannes
  surname: Lehmann
  fullname: Lehmann, Johannes
  email: CL273@cornell.edu
  organization: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, 909 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Janice E.
  surname: Thies
  fullname: Thies, Janice E.
  organization: Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, 909 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Sarah D.
  surname: Burton
  fullname: Burton, Sarah D.
  organization: Environmental Molecular and Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Mark H.
  surname: Engelhard
  fullname: Engelhard, Mark H.
  organization: Environmental Molecular and Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Issue 11
Keywords biomass
Fourier transformation
titration
cation exchange capacity
X-rays
oxidation
indicators
nutrients
microorganisms
spectroscopy
carbon
pH
temperature
particles
soils
oxygen
surface properties
stability
Language English
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Snippet The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of either biotic or abiotic oxidation of biomass-derived black carbon (BC) and to...
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SubjectTerms Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
Geochemistry
Title Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.06.022
https://search.proquest.com/docview/19820444
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1152329
Volume 37
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