UK-Nigeria Remittance Corridor Challenges of Embracing Formal Transfer Systems in a Dual Financial Environment

This study is the first research work on remittances conducted in Nigeria and reveals the actual state of its remittance market. The report describes how United Kingdom residents of Nigerian origin transfer remittances home and how the funds are distributed to their beneficiaries in Nigeria. The rev...

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Main Authors Hernandez-Coss, Raul, Egwuagu Bun, Chinyere
Format eBook Book
LanguageEnglish
Published Herndon World Bank Publications 2007
The World Bank
Washington, DC: World Bank
Edition1
SeriesWorld Bank Working Papers
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ADB
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Abstract This study is the first research work on remittances conducted in Nigeria and reveals the actual state of its remittance market. The report describes how United Kingdom residents of Nigerian origin transfer remittances home and how the funds are distributed to their beneficiaries in Nigeria. The review presents the remittance industry conditions existing in the UKNigeria remittance corridor at the origination and distribution stages of the transactions, and the intermediaries who facilitate the transfers. The report makes conclusions and compares these main findings with lessons from other corridors. The UK-Nigeria remittance corridor has an equal dominance of formal and informal remittance intermediaries. Although several formal financial institutions for transferring money exist in the UK, many people choose to send money informally. More collaboration between the UK and Nigeria is necessary to develop the remittance market, to encourage the use of formal channels, and to enhance the development potential. Among its benefits, the remittance country partnership (RCP) between UK and Nigeria aims to reduce the cost of remittance transfers. The Nigerian government is engaging its diaspora to help spur economic growth. This report recommends that each government focus on improving data collection at its end of the corridor and do more research to provide its policymakers and its private sector with accurate information.
AbstractList This study is the first research work on remittances conducted in Nigeria and reveals the actual state of its remittance market. The report describes how United Kingdom residents of Nigerian origin transfer remittances home and how the funds are distributed to their beneficiaries in Nigeria. The review presents the remittance industry conditions existing in the UKNigeria remittance corridor at the origination and distribution stages of the transactions, and the intermediaries who facilitate the transfers. The report makes conclusions and compares these main findings with lessons from other corridors. The UK-Nigeria remittance corridor has an equal dominance of formal and informal remittance intermediaries. Although several formal financial institutions for transferring money exist in the UK, many people choose to send money informally. More collaboration between the UK and Nigeria is necessary to develop the remittance market, to encourage the use of formal channels, and to enhance the development potential. Among its benefits, the remittance country partnership (RCP) between UK and Nigeria aims to reduce the cost of remittance transfers. The Nigerian government is engaging its diaspora to help spur economic growth. This report recommends that each government focus on improving data collection at its end of the corridor and do more research to provide its policymakers and its private sector with accurate information.
This study provides an overview of remittance flows from the United Kingdom to Nigeria and presents a series of specific recommendations to facilitate the transfer of remittance flows through financial institutions, reduce remittance fees, improve data collection practices, strengthen the regulation and supervision of the money transfer industry, and prevent money laundering.
The UK-Nigeria remittance corridor has an equal dominance of formal and informal remittance intermediaries. Although several formal financial institutions for transferring money exist in the UK, many people choose to send money informally. More collaboration between the UK and Nigeria is necessary to develop the remittance market, to encourage the use of formal channels, and to enhance the development potential. Among its benefits, the remittance country partnership (RCP) between UK and Nigeria aims to reduce the cost of remittance transfers. The Nigerian government is engaging its diaspora to help spur economic growth. This report recommends that each government focus on improving data collection at its end of the corridor and do more research to provide its policymakers and its private sector with accurate information.
Author Hernandez-Coss, Raul
Egwuagu Bun, Chinyere
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Keywords ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
REMITTANCES
REMITTANCE SERVICE PROVIDERS
FORMAL TRANSFER SYSTEMS
REMITTANCE MARKET
POSTAL SERVICE
INFORMAL FUNDS
REMITTANCE COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP (RCP)
REMITTANCE
NIGERIA
INFORMAL FUNDS TRANSFER
BANKING
REMITTANCE SERVICE
MONEY TRANSFER
DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
TRANSFER
INITIATIVES ON REMITTANCES
REMITTANCE TRANSFERS
TRANSFERRING MONEY
UNITED KINGDOM
DIASPORA
LCCallNum_Ident HG3987.7 -- .H47 2007eb
Language English
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Notes World Bank Working Paper No. 92
Europe and Central Asia
United Kingdom
Nigeria
Africa
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Snippet This study is the first research work on remittances conducted in Nigeria and reveals the actual state of its remittance market. The report describes how...
This study provides an overview of remittance flows from the United Kingdom to Nigeria and presents a series of specific recommendations to facilitate the...
The UK-Nigeria remittance corridor has an equal dominance of formal and informal remittance intermediaries. Although several formal financial institutions for...
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StartPage xiv
SubjectTerms ACCOUNT HOLDERS
ACCOUNT-TO-ACCOUNT
ACQUISITION
ADB
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
AVERAGE REMITTANCE
BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
BANK ACCOUNT
BANK BRANCHES
BANK DATA
BANK DRAFT
BANK DRAFT PAYMENTS
BANK OF ENGLAND
BANK TRANSFER
BANK TRANSFERS
BANKING SUPERVISION
BANKS
CASH-TO-CASH
CENTRAL BANKS
CHILD LABOR
CITIZEN
CITIZENS
CITIZENSHIP
CLEARING HOUSE
COLLECTIVE
COLLECTIVE REMITTANCES
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMUNITIES OF ORIGIN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
COMPANY
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
CONTRIBUTION OF REMITTANCES
CORRESPONDENT BANKS
COST OF LIVING
COST OF TRANSFERS
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN
CURRENCY CONVERSIONS
DATA ON REMITTANCES
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT IMPACT OF REMITTANCES
DEVELOPMENTAL IMPACT
DIASPORA
DISSEMINATION
DUE DILIGENCE
Economic conditions
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ELDERLY
ELECTRONIC FUNDS
ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER
ELECTRONIC PAYMENTS
Emigrant remittances
Emigrants
EMIGRATION
EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION
ESTATE
ETHNIC GROUP
ETHNIC GROUPS
EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK
EXCHANGE RATE
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARMS
FEDERAL GOVERNMENTS
Financial economics
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL SERVICES
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES
FORMAL MONEY TRANSFERS
FORMAL TRANSFER SYSTEMS
FUNDS FLOW
GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES
Great Britain
HOME COUNTRIES
HOUSING
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS
IMMIGRANTS
INCOME
INDIVIDUALS
INFORMAL REMITTANCE
Informal sector
Informal sector (Economics)
INFORMAL TRANSFER
INITIATIVES ON REMITTANCES
INTERNATIONAL MONEY ORDER
INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE
INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCE SYSTEMS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL STATUS
LEGISLATION
LIMITED
LOCAL CURRENCY
MARKET COMPETITION
MIDDLE EAST
MIGRANT
MIGRANTS
MIGRATION
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL
MONEY HOME
MONEY LAUNDERING
MONEY TO FAMILIES
MONEY TRANSFER
MONEY TRANSFER OPERATOR
MONEY TRANSFER OPERATORS
MONEY TRANSFERS
MONEY TRANSMITTERS
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
NATIONALS
Nigeria
NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
NURSES
OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE
OLD AGE
ORPHANS
PARTNERSHIP
PEER REVIEW
PERMANENT RESIDENCE
PERSONS
PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES
POLICY
POSTAL SERVICE
POVERTY REDUCTION
PRODUCTIVITY
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
RECIPIENT COUNTRIES
RECIPIENT OF REMITTANCES
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCE BUSINESS
REMITTANCE CORRIDORS
REMITTANCE FLOW
REMITTANCE FLOWS
REMITTANCE INDUSTRY
REMITTANCE MARKET
REMITTANCE PAYMENT
REMITTANCE PRODUCTS
REMITTANCE SENDERS
REMITTANCE SERVICE
REMITTANCE SERVICE PROVIDERS
REMITTANCE SERVICES
REMITTANCE TRANSACTION
REMITTANCE TRANSACTIONS
REMITTANCE TRANSFER
REMITTANCE TRANSFERS
REMITTANCES
RURAL AREAS
SAHARA
SAVINGS
SEND MONEY
SEND MONEY HOME
SEND REMITTANCES
SERVICE PROVIDER
SET OF RECOMMENDATIONS
SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS
SKILLED MIGRANTS
SOCIAL WELFARE
SOCIETY
SPECIFIC REMITTANCE
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
SUBSIDIARY
SURVEY OF REMITTANCE PRODUCTS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TERRORIST
TRANSFER CHANNELS
TRANSFER COST
TRANSFER COSTS
TRANSFER FEE
TRANSFER MECHANISMS
TRANSFER MONEY
TRANSFER PROCESS
TRANSPORT
UNION
United Kingdom
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
UNSKILLED LABOR
URBAN AREAS
USES OF REMITTANCES
VALUE OF REMITTANCES
WAGES
WESTERN EUROPE
WORKER REMITTANCES
WORKERS REMITTANCES
Subtitle Challenges of Embracing Formal Transfer Systems in a Dual Financial Environment
TableOfContents Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- 1. At the First Mile -- Remittances and Migration in the UK -- Nigerian Diaspora Community -- Remittance Patterns -- Remittance Service Providers -- Circumstances that Influence Sender Choices -- Legal Framework Affecting Remittance Transfers -- UK Government Initiatives on Remittances -- Main Findings in the First Mile -- 2. At the Intermediary Stage -- Remittance Transfers through Formal Intermediaries -- Remittance Transfers through Informal Intermediaries -- Costs Associated with Formal Transfers -- Market Opportunity for New Technologies -- Payments Systems -- Main Findings in the Intermediary Stage -- 3. At the Last Mile -- Significance of Remittances for Nigeria -- Locations of Nigerians Abroad -- Remittance Beneficiaries -- Using Remittances for Housing -- Remittance Service Providers in Nigeria -- Postal Service -- Informal Funds Transfer Operators -- Legal and Regulatory Framework Affecting Delivery of Remittances -- Financial Market Integrity -- Nigerian Government Initiatives on Remittances and Economic Growth -- Key Findings in the Last Mile -- 4. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations -- Conclusions -- Policy Recommendations -- Appendix A. United Kingdom Regulatory Overview -- Appendix B. Nigeria Regulatory Overview -- References -- Map of Formal Flows in the UK-Nigeria Corridor and Current and Potential Networks for Distribution in Nigeria -- List of Tables -- 1. Select Indicators for Nigeria -- 2. Remittance Transfer Fee from UK to Nigeria, May 2005 -- 3. Value of Remittances Exchanged for Local Currency by Banks, 2002-05 -- 4. Transfer Cost of £100 from UK to Nigeria -- 5. Key Payment Instruments in Nigeria -- 6. Breakdown of Home Remittances through MTOs by Country of Origin, 2002-04 -- 7. Main Findings -- List of Figures
20. Remittances + Housing = Market Opportunity: The Mexican Experience -- A1. EU Payments Directive: New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market -- B1. Legislation to Combat Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism in Nigeria
1. Recorded Workers' Remittances to Developing Countries and Sub-Saharan Africa (1990-2004) -- 2. Top 15 Remittance-sending Countries, 2004 -- 3. Migrant Community in the UK -- 4. Market Shares of MTOs Operating in the UK-Nigeria Corridor, 2005 -- 5. Circumstances that In.uence Senders' Choices -- 6. Typology for UK Risk-based Approach to AML/CFT -- 7. Channels for Origination in the UK and Distribution in Nigeria -- 8. MTOs Retail Prices for Sending Money from UK to Nigeria, April 2004 -- 9. Workers' Remittances to Three West African Countries -- 10. Workers' Remittances to Nigeria, 1997-2004 -- 11. Remittance Flow Origination by MTOs, 2004 -- 12. Estimated MTO Market Share in the Origination of Remittance Transfers to Nigeria, 2005 -- 13. Historic Data on the Different Foreign Exchange Rates Available in Nigeria, 2000-04 -- 14. MTOs Average Fees for Transferring £500, 2004 -- List of Boxes -- 1. Nigerian Migration History -- 2. MTN Top-up Card -- 3. Requirements for Opening a Bank Account in the UK -- 4. UK Money Transmitters Association -- 5. EU Payments Directive: New Legal Framework for Payments in the Internal Market -- 6. Sending Money Home? Initiative -- 7. Bank Transfer Systems in the UK-Nigeria Remittance Corridor -- 8. Most Common Remittance Transfer Process from UK to Nigeria -- 9. Telecommunications Industry in Nigeria -- 10. CPSS/World Bank Task force for General Principles on International Remittance Systems -- 11. TARGET and SWIFT Payments Systems -- 12. How the CBN Compiles BoP Data -- 13. Making Ends Meet for Ekundayo and His Siblings -- 14. Common Uses of Remittances in Nigeria -- 15. Exclusivity vs.Multiple Agreements Agent for One MTO -- 16. Nigerian Postal Service -- 17. Bus Transport System and Money Transfer in Nigeria -- 18. Jefri Couldn't Take His JAMB Exams -- 19. Nigeria's Removal from NCCT List
Title UK-Nigeria Remittance Corridor
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