Decompression experiments identify kinetic controls on explosive silicic eruptions
Eruption intensity is largely controlled by decompression‐induced release of water‐rich gas dissolved in magma. It is not simply the amount of gas that dictates how forcefully magma is propelled upwards during an eruption, but also the rate of degassing, which is partly a function of the supersatura...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 31; no. 8; pp. L08605 - n/a |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
American Geophysical Union
01.04.2004
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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| Abstract | Eruption intensity is largely controlled by decompression‐induced release of water‐rich gas dissolved in magma. It is not simply the amount of gas that dictates how forcefully magma is propelled upwards during an eruption, but also the rate of degassing, which is partly a function of the supersaturation pressure (ΔPcritical) triggering gas bubble nucleation. High temperature and pressure decompression experiments using rhyolite and dacite melt reveal compositionally‐dependent differences in the ΔPcritical of degassing that may explain why rhyolites have fueled some of the most explosive eruptions on record. |
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| AbstractList | Eruption intensity is largely controlled by decompression‐induced release of water‐rich gas dissolved in magma. It is not simply the amount of gas that dictates how forcefully magma is propelled upwards during an eruption, but also the rate of degassing, which is partly a function of the supersaturation pressure (ΔP
critical
) triggering gas bubble nucleation. High temperature and pressure decompression experiments using rhyolite and dacite melt reveal compositionally‐dependent differences in the ΔP
critical
of degassing that may explain why rhyolites have fueled some of the most explosive eruptions on record. Eruption intensity is largely controlled by decompression‐induced release of water‐rich gas dissolved in magma. It is not simply the amount of gas that dictates how forcefully magma is propelled upwards during an eruption, but also the rate of degassing, which is partly a function of the supersaturation pressure (ΔPcritical) triggering gas bubble nucleation. High temperature and pressure decompression experiments using rhyolite and dacite melt reveal compositionally‐dependent differences in the ΔPcritical of degassing that may explain why rhyolites have fueled some of the most explosive eruptions on record. |
| Author | Sisson, T. W. Hankins, W. B. Mangan, M. T. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M. T. surname: Mangan fullname: Mangan, M. T. email: mmangan@usgs.gov organization: U.S. Geological Survey, California, Menlo Park, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: T. W. surname: Sisson fullname: Sisson, T. W. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, California, Menlo Park, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: W. B. surname: Hankins fullname: Hankins, W. B. organization: U.S. Geological Survey, California, Menlo Park, USA |
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| Keywords | degassing volcanic rocks dacites explosive eruptions Supersaturation igneous rocks magmas pressure rhyolites high temperature intensity nucleation Dissolved gas kinetics melts |
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| References_xml | – year: 1986 – volume: 21‐5 start-page: 833 year: 1975 end-page: 848 article-title: Bubble nucleation in liquids publication-title: Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J. – volume: 107 issue: B4 year: 2002 article-title: Homogeneous bubble nucleation in rhyolitic magmas: An experimental study of the effect of H O and CO publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – start-page: 27 year: 1988 end-page: 50 – volume: 85 start-page: 33 year: 2000 end-page: 40 article-title: Effect of alkalis, phosphorus, and water on the surface tension of haplogranite melt publication-title: Am. Mineral. – volume: 81 start-page: 1297 year: 1996 end-page: 1300 article-title: Viscosities of hydrous leucogranitic melts: A non‐Arrhenian model publication-title: Am. Mineral. – volume: 71 start-page: 1527 year: 1986 end-page: 1541 article-title: Measurement of water in rhyolitic glasses: Calibration of an infrared spectroscopic technique publication-title: Am. 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Mineral. contributor: fullname: Hess K.‐U. – ident: e_1_2_7_19_1 doi: 10.1007/s004100050256 – ident: e_1_2_7_6_1 – ident: e_1_2_7_14_1 doi: 10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00230-0 – ident: e_1_2_7_15_1 doi: 10.1029/1999GL008368 – volume: 69 start-page: 511 year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_7_22_1 article-title: Compositional effect on water diffusivity in silicate melts publication-title: Eos Trans. AGU contributor: fullname: Stanton T. R. – ident: e_1_2_7_11_1 doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0468:VOMMSH>2.3.CO;2 – start-page: 27 volume-title: The Physics of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions year: 1988 ident: e_1_2_7_17_1 contributor: fullname: Navon O. – ident: e_1_2_7_4_1 doi: 10.1007/s004100050257 |
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| SubjectTerms | Earth, ocean, space Eruption mechanisms Exact sciences and technology Experimental mineralogy and petrology Mineralogy and Petrology Physics and chemistry of magma bodies Volcanology |
| Title | Decompression experiments identify kinetic controls on explosive silicic eruptions |
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