Skills for the labor market in the Philippines

• Main Authors: Di Gropello, Emanuela, Tan, Hong W., Tandon, Prateek
• Format: eBook Book Publication
• Language: English
• Published: Washington World Bank 2010; World Bank Publications; The World Bank
• Edition: 1
• Series: Directions in Development - General
• Subjects: ACADEMIC SKILLS; ACADEMIC SUBJECTS; ACADEMIC YEAR; ACCREDITATION; ACCREDITATION SYSTEM; ACHIEVEMENT; ACTIVE LABOR; ACTIVE LABOR POLICIES; ADULTS; ADVANCED SKILLS; AGE GROUPS; AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY; AGGREGATE PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; Arbeitsmarkt; BASIC EDUCATION; BASIC EDUCATION SYSTEM; CALL; CAREER OPPORTUNITIES; Change Strategies; COLLEGE ENTRANCE; COLLEGE GRADUATES; Competitiveness; CREATIVE THINKING; CURRICULA; CURRICULUM; CURRICULUM DESIGN; DECISION MAKING; Delivery Systems; DEMAND FOR EDUCATION; DEMONSTRATION; DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS; DOMESTIC MARKET; DRIVERS; Economic Development; EDUCATED WORKERS; EDUCATION BUDGET; EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS; EDUCATION LEVEL; EDUCATION SECTOR; EDUCATION SYSTEM; Education systems; EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT; Educational Change; Educational Demand; EDUCATIONAL DISTRIBUTION; EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS; Educational Needs; EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS; EMPLOYABILITY; EMPLOYEE; Employers; EMPLOYMENT; EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES; EMPLOYMENT PERFORMANCE; EMPLOYMENT RATE; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS; ESSENTIAL SKILLS; FIELDS OF STUDY; FIRM LEVEL; FIRM PERFORMANCE; FIRM SIZE; FIRM SURVEY; FIRM SURVEYS; Foreign Countries; FORMAL EDUCATION; FORMAL TRAINING; FUNCTIONAL SKILLS; GENERIC SKILLS; GER; GROSS ENROLLMENT; GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE; HIGH SCHOOL; HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT; HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; HIGHER EDUCATION; HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION; HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS; HIGHER EDUCATION QUALIFICATIONS; HUMAN CAPITAL; HUMAN DEVELOPMENT; HUMAN RESOURCES; ILLITERACY; ILLITERATES; IN-SERVICE TRAINING; INDUSTRY WAGE; INSTRUCTION; INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY; INTERNSHIPS; Job Skills; JOB TRAINING; JOB TURNOVER; JOB VACANCIES; JOBS; LABOR DEMAND; LABOR FORCE; Labor Force Development; LABOR MARKET; Labor market > Philippines; LABOR MARKET NEEDS; LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES; LABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION; LABOR MARKETS; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; LABOR REALLOCATION; Labour market; LEADERSHIP; LEARNING; LEARNING MODULES; LEVEL OF EDUCATION; LIFE SKILLS; LIFELONG LEARNING; LITERACY; LITERACY SERVICE; LITERACY SKILLS; Manufacturing; MATHEMATICS; Needs Assessment; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS; NUMERACY; OCCUPATION; OCCUPATIONAL CLASSIFICATION; Occupational Surveys; OCCUPATIONS; ON-THE-JOB TRAINING; PARENTAL EDUCATION; PAYROLL TAXES; PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES; PEDAGOGY; Performance Factors; PERFORMANCE INDICATORS; Philippinen; Philippines; Policy research; PRIMARY EDUCATION; PRIVATE EDUCATION; PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS; PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; PRIVATE PROVIDERS; PRIVATE SCHOOLS; PRIVATE SECTOR; PRIVATE TRAINING; PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS; PROBLEM SOLVING; PRODUCTION WORKERS; PRODUCTIVE SECTOR; PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH; PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS; Qualifikation; QUALITY ASSURANCE; QUALITY EDUCATION; QUALITY OF EDUCATION; RATES OF RETURN; REGIONAL TRAINING; RESEARCH CAPACITY; RETRAINING; RETURNS TO EDUCATION; RISING UNEMPLOYMENT; Role of Education; SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM; SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAMS; SCHOLARSHIPS; SCHOOL EDUCATION; SCHOOL YEARS; SCHOOLING; SCIENCE STUDY; SECONDARY EDUCATION; SECONDARY SCHOOLING; SECONDARY SCHOOLS; SERVICE PROVIDER; SERVICE SECTOR; SERVICE SECTORS; SERVICE TRAINING; SHORT-TERM TRAINING; SKILL ACQUISITION; SKILL DEVELOPMENT; SKILL PREMIUM; SKILL REQUIREMENTS; SKILL SHORTAGES; SKILL TRAINING; SKILLED LABOR; SKILLED WORKER; SKILLED WORKERS; SKILLED WORKFORCE; SKILLS ACQUISITION; SKILLS DEVELOPMENT; SKILLS REQUIREMENTS; STANDARDIZED TESTS; STUDENT ENROLLMENT; SUBJECT AREAS; Supply and demand; TEACHER; TEACHER QUALIFICATION; TEACHER QUALIFICATIONS; TEACHING; TEACHING QUALITY; TECHNICAL EDUCATION; TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION; TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS; TERTIARY EDUCATION; Textbook Content; TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY; TOTAL WAGE; TRAINEES; Training; TRAINING CENTER; TRAINING CENTERS; TRAINING COURSES; TRAINING DURATION; TRAINING INSTITUTIONS; TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES; TRAINING PLAN; TRAINING PROGRAMS; TRAINING SYSTEM; UNEMPLOYED; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; UNIVERSITIES; UNSKILLED WORKERS; VOCATIONAL EDUCATION; Vocational qualifications > Philippines; VOCATIONAL SKILLS; VOUCHERS; WAGE BILL; WAGE PREMIUM; WAGE PREMIUMS; YOUTH; YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT; YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES; Asia; Southeast Asia; Philippines; LABOR PRODUCTIVITY; EMIGRATION; COMPETITIVENESS; CURRICULUM; LABOR QUALITY IN THE PHILIPPINES; WAGES; SKILLS IN THE PHILIPPINES; EDUCATION; UNEMPLOYMENT; TRAINING
• ISBN: 9780821384893; 0821384899
• DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8489-3

This book investigates trends in skills demand and supply over the past two decades for insights into ways to build (and use) the critical skills needed to sustain competitiveness of the Philippine economy. Part one of the book investigates trends in demand for skills in the country overall and by s...

Table of Contents:

• 1.5 Returns to Individual Attributes and Education Levels -- 1.6 Rates of Return by Level of Education and Sector, 1988-2006 -- 1.7 The Most Important Employee Skills -- 2.1 Correlates of Industry and Education Wage Premiums -- 2.2 Labor Demand Model - Skilled Worker Share of Employment -- 2.3 Main Reasons for New Hires and Dismissals in Past 12 Months -- 3.1 Ranking of Most Common Job Titles in Current Vacancies -- 3.2 Educational Requirements of Current Job Vacancies -- 3.3 Educational Requirements of Current Vacancies by Sector, Size, and Export Orientation -- 3.4 Flow Data on Vacancies, Applicants, and Vacancies Filled -- 3.5 Number of Weeks to Fill Vacancies, by Occupation, Sector, and Firm Size -- 3.6 Most Common Recruiting Practices -- 3.7 Alternative Responses to Unfilled Vacancies -- 3.8 Employer Rankings of Graduate Quality by Education Level and Training (%) -- 4.1 Secondary Educational Institutions: Strengths and Weaknesses -- 4.2 Tertiary Educational Institutions: Strengths and Weaknesses -- 4.3 Postemployment Training Institutions: Strengths and Weaknesses -- 5.1 Distribution of Higher Education Institutions by Region, Sector, and Institutional Type -- 5.2 Income and Expenses, SUCs -- 5.3 Revenue, Expenditure, and Asset Structure of LUCs -- 5.4 Tertiary Enrollment in Government and Private Schools, School Years 1970-71 to 2005-06 -- 5.5 Institutions, Enrollment, and Graduates by Institutional Type and Academic Year -- 5.6 Enrollment and Graduates, by Discipline Group -- 5.7 Number of Examinees and Qualifiers in Licensure Examinations, by Calendar Year -- 5.8 Higher Education Faculty by Highest Educational Credential, Sector, 2004-05 -- 5.9 Percentage of College Graduates in the Labor Force, Employed and Unemployed, by Sex, 1985-2005 -- 5.10 Employment and Unemployment Status of College Graduates, 1988, 1995, 2000, and 2005
• 2.2 Changes in Work Organization Leading to Rising Skills Requirements -- 2.3 Education of New Hires and Dismissals by Exports - Manufacturing -- 2.4 Education of New Hires and Dismissals by Exports - Services -- 2.5 Education Distribution of Net Hires by Export Orientation -- 2.6 Core Skills by Export Orientation -- 3.1 Difficulty Finding the Right Skills, by Sector -- 3.2 Skills Bottlenecks in East Asia -- 3.3 Difficulty Finding the Right Skills, by Firm Size -- 3.4 Difficulty Finding the Right Skills, by Export Orientation -- 3.5 Skill Constraints and Export Orientation -- 3.6 Vacancies over the Past Year, by Sector and Occupation -- 3.7 Qualified Applicants, by Occupation and Sector -- 3.8 Gap Filling Vacancies, by Sector and Size -- 3.9 Gap Filling Vacancies, by Sector and Exports -- 3.10 Time to Fill Professional Vacancies in East Asia -- 3.11 Time to Fill Vacancies, by Firm Sector and Size -- 3.12 Time to Fill Vacancies in Manufacturing, by Size and Exports -- 3.13 Time to Fill Vacancies in Services, by Size and Exports -- 3.14 Reasons for Skills Shortages, by Sector -- 3.15 Reasons for Skills Shortage, by Manufacturing Subsector -- 3.16 Reasons for Skills Shortage, by Services Subsector -- 3.17 Reasons for Skills Shortage, by Export Orientation -- 3.18 Unemployment Rates by Age Groups, 1980-2003 -- 3.19 Unemployment Rates by Education Levels, 2006-07 -- 3.20 Highest Grade Completed at Time of Departure -- 3.21 Highest Grade Completed at Time of Departure, by Gender -- 3.22 Occupation of Emigrants before Emigration -- 3.23 Occupation of Emigrants after Emigration -- 3.24 Occupation of Emigrants before Emigration, by Gender -- 3.25 Occupation of Emigrants after Emigration, by Gender -- 3.26 Employer Quality Rankings of Public and Private Sector Graduates -- 3.27 Employer Quality Rankings of Graduates, by Sector
• O.2 Trends in Education Wage Premium and Skilled Workforce -- O.3 Rates of Return by Economic Sector -- O.4 Education of Net Hires by Sector and Size, 2008 -- O.5 Education of Net Hires by Export Status, 2008 -- O.6 Occupation of Emigrating Workers before Emigration -- O.7 Most Important Key Core Skills by Occupation -- O.8 Most Important Key Job-Specific Skills and Related Sources of Skills by Occupation -- O.9 Difficulty Finding the Right Skills, by Occupation and Sector -- O.10 Number of Weeks to Fill Professional Vacancies in East Asia -- O.11 Reasons for Skill Shortages, by Sector -- O.12 Unemployment Rates, by Education Levels, 2006-07 -- O.13 Gaps in Core Skills by Occupation, according to Percentage of Respondents -- O.14 Reasons for Skills Shortage by Manufacturing Subsector -- O.15 Time to Fill Vacancies in Manufacturing, by Size and Exports -- I.1 Evolution in Output per Capita within Asia -- I.2 GDP Composition by Sector, 1985-2007 -- I.3 Country Ranking according to the GCI -- I.4 Trends in Education Premiums, 1988-2006 -- I.5 Unemployment Rates by Education Levels, 2006-07 -- 1.1 Secondary Skills Share and Wage Premium -- 1.2 Tertiary Skills Share and Wage Premium -- 1.3 Education Premiums and Skilled Workforce in a Sample of East Asian Countries -- 1.4 Rates of Return by Level of Education, All Sectors -- 1.5 Rates of Return to Schooling by Sector, 1988-2006 -- 1.6 Education of New Hires and Dismissals, 2008 -- 1.7 Education of New Hires and Dismissals by Sector, 2008 -- 1.8 Educational Distribution of Net Hires, 2008 -- 1.9 Educational Distribution of Net Hires by Sector and Size, 2008 -- 1.10 Most Important Key Core Skills by Occupation -- 1.11 Key Job-Specific Skills and Related Sources of Skills by Occupation -- 1.12 Key Core Skills by Sector -- 2.1 Reasons for Rising Skills Requirements by Sector and Subsector
• 5.11 Distribution of Employed College Graduates by Major Occupations, 1985,1995, 2000, and 2005
• Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Currency Equivalents -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Trends and Drivers of Demand for Skills -- Emerging Skills Gaps -- Weaknesses of Skill Supply and Main Policy Directions -- Notes -- References -- Introduction -- Motivation and Context -- Approach, Methodology, and Structure -- Notes -- Reference -- PART I Skills Demand in the Philippines -- Chapter 1 Skills Trends in the Philippines -- Trends in Skill Composition, Employment, and Relative Wages -- Estimates of Industry and Education Premiums -- Trends in Returns to Schooling -- Education Requirements of Employers -- Workforce Needs: New Hires and Dismissals -- Net Hires -- Skill Requirements of New Hires -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 2 Drivers of Demand for Skills -- Correlates of Industry and Education Premiums -- Drivers of Demand for Skills in Manufacturing -- Skills, Export Orientation, and Technology in the Employer Skill Survey -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 Skills Gaps -- Vacancies and Skills Gaps -- Toward a Better Understanding of Skills Gaps -- Notes -- References -- PART II Skills Supply in the Philippines -- Chapter 4 Strengths and Weaknesses of Education and Training Institutions -- Chapter 5 In-Depth Analysis of Four Key Pillars of the Supply of Skills -- The Higher Education Subsector -- Technical and Vocational Education -- Alternative Learning System -- Trends in In-Service Training -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 6 Policy Implications -- General Policy Implications -- Specific Policy Recommendations -- Notes -- Appendix: Tables -- References -- Index -- Boxes -- I.1 Skills Conceptual Framework -- 1.1 The Philippines LFS Data -- 1.2 The Philippines Skills Survey -- 2.1 Overview of 2003 Philippines ICS and Methodology of Estimation -- Figures -- O.1 GDP Composition by Sector, 1985-2007
• 3.28 Employer Quality Rankings of Graduates, by Firm Size and Sector -- 3.29 Employer Quality Rankings of Graduates, by Ownership and Export Status -- 3.30 2003 TIMSS Math Scores across Countries of Different Income Levels -- 3.31 2003 TIMSS Science Scores across Countries of Different Income Levels -- 3.32 Main Gaps in Core Skills, by Occupation -- 3.33 Main Gaps in Core Skills, by Export Orientation -- 3.34 Key Gaps in Job-Specific Skills and Related Sources of Skills, by Occupation -- 3.35 Key Gaps in Job-Specific Skills and Related Sources of Skills, by Export Orientation -- 5.1 GER in Higher Education in East Asia, 2006 -- 5.2 Higher Education Performance Indicators, 1995-96 to 2005-06 -- 5.3 Unemployment Rates in East Asian Countries -- 5.4 Distribution of TVET Graduates by Delivery Modes, 2000-05 -- 5.5 Number of TVET Graduates by Delivery Mode, 2000-05 -- 5.6 TVET Expenditures in the Philippines, 2002 -- 5.7 TESDA Assessment and Certification, 2003-08 -- 5.8 Unemployment Rates by Age Groups, 1980-2003 -- 5.9 Unemployment Rates by Education Levels, 2006-07 -- 5.10 Percentage of Workers Needing No Training, by Education Level -- 5.11 Incidence of Training by Occupation Level, Sector, and Export Status -- 5.12 Reasons to Provide Little or No Formal Training -- 5.13 Incentives for Workers to Seek Own Training -- 5.14 Sources of In-House Training -- 5.15 Sources of External Training -- Tables -- O.1 Tertiary Level Educational Institutions: Strengths and Weaknesses -- O.2 Postemployment Training Institutions: Strengths and Weaknesses -- 1.1 Number and Educational Composition of the Employed, 1988-2006 -- 1.2 Hourly Pay and Education Premiums by Level of Education (2000 Pesos) -- 1.3 Numbers and Education Composition of the Employed, by Sector -- 1.4 Hourly Pay and Education Wage Premiums of the Employed, by Sector (2000 Pesos)